在全球气候变化背景下,极端高温事件频发,且自21世纪以来其发生频率明显增加,对农业生产及人体健康造成深远影响。为探究地形复杂的伊犁河流域极端高温时空演变规律,本文利用1991—2020年该流域11个气象站逐日气温数据,计算夏季日数(SU...在全球气候变化背景下,极端高温事件频发,且自21世纪以来其发生频率明显增加,对农业生产及人体健康造成深远影响。为探究地形复杂的伊犁河流域极端高温时空演变规律,本文利用1991—2020年该流域11个气象站逐日气温数据,计算夏季日数(SU25)、热夜日数(TR20)、暖昼日数(TX90p)、暖夜日数(TN90p)、日最高气温极高值(TXx)和日最低气温极高值(TNx)6个极端高温指数,并通过线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function decomposition,EOF)以及克里金插值法(Kriging),系统分析伊犁河流域6个极端高温指数的时空变化特征。结果表明:伊犁河流域大部分极端高温指数整体呈快速增长趋势,且在20世纪90年代至21世纪初发生显著突变。其中SU25、TX90p、TXx和TNx的增长速率突出,2015年后各指数处于加速增长阶段。空间分布上,流域大部分极端高温指数呈现明显的“西北高、东南低”格局:西北部为高温指数高值区,昭苏东北部、特克斯、巩留及尼勒克西南部形成稳定低值中心。由EOF分解得到TXx与TNx的空间分布存在两种典型模态,其演变特征与流域极端高温整体变化趋势具有高度一致性。展开更多
Aim： To test the hypothesis that sildenafil （50 mg nightly for one year） can improve spontaneous erectile function （EF） in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction （ED） responsive to erectoge...Aim： To test the hypothesis that sildenafil （50 mg nightly for one year） can improve spontaneous erectile function （EF） in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction （ED） responsive to erectogenic treatment. Methods： In a prospective open-label trial, 112 men with ED were randomized to sildenafil 50 mg nightly or sildenafil 50 or 100 mg as needed for 12 months, followed by one-month and 6-month non-medicated periods. Non-randomized, non-medicated men with ED were also assessed. The EF domain of the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF EF） and the peak systolic velocity （PSV） of penile cavernous arteries were used to measure the efficacy. Results： After sildenafil treatment and a subsequent non-medicated month, IIEF EF was normal in 29 of 48 （60.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 45.3-74.2%） of the nightly group vs. 4 of 49 （8.2%, 95% CI： 2.3-19.6%） of the as-needed group. PSV improved by 11.2 cm/s （95% CI： 4.7-21.4; P = 0.012） in the nightly group but only by 3.4 cm/s （-5.1- 14.7; P = 0.435） in the as-needed group. IIEF EF normalized in 1 of 18 （5.6%, 95% CI： 0.1-27.3%） non-medicated men and the PSV declined slightly. Six months after treatment, the IIEF EF remained normal and PSV was stabilized in most （28/29, 97%） nightly group men who had initially normalized. Conclusion： Sildenafil nightly for one year resulted in ED regression that persisted well beyond the end of treatment, so that spontaneous EF was characterized as normal on the IIEF in most men. The results from this open-label, randomized trial warrant verification under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions.展开更多
文摘在全球气候变化背景下,极端高温事件频发,且自21世纪以来其发生频率明显增加,对农业生产及人体健康造成深远影响。为探究地形复杂的伊犁河流域极端高温时空演变规律,本文利用1991—2020年该流域11个气象站逐日气温数据,计算夏季日数(SU25)、热夜日数(TR20)、暖昼日数(TX90p)、暖夜日数(TN90p)、日最高气温极高值(TXx)和日最低气温极高值(TNx)6个极端高温指数,并通过线性趋势分析、Mann-Kendall突变检验、经验正交函数分解(Empirical Orthogonal Function decomposition,EOF)以及克里金插值法(Kriging),系统分析伊犁河流域6个极端高温指数的时空变化特征。结果表明:伊犁河流域大部分极端高温指数整体呈快速增长趋势,且在20世纪90年代至21世纪初发生显著突变。其中SU25、TX90p、TXx和TNx的增长速率突出,2015年后各指数处于加速增长阶段。空间分布上,流域大部分极端高温指数呈现明显的“西北高、东南低”格局:西北部为高温指数高值区,昭苏东北部、特克斯、巩留及尼勒克西南部形成稳定低值中心。由EOF分解得到TXx与TNx的空间分布存在两种典型模态,其演变特征与流域极端高温整体变化趋势具有高度一致性。
文摘Aim： To test the hypothesis that sildenafil （50 mg nightly for one year） can improve spontaneous erectile function （EF） in men with mild-to-moderate arteriogenic erectile dysfunction （ED） responsive to erectogenic treatment. Methods： In a prospective open-label trial, 112 men with ED were randomized to sildenafil 50 mg nightly or sildenafil 50 or 100 mg as needed for 12 months, followed by one-month and 6-month non-medicated periods. Non-randomized, non-medicated men with ED were also assessed. The EF domain of the International Index of Erectile Function （IIEF EF） and the peak systolic velocity （PSV） of penile cavernous arteries were used to measure the efficacy. Results： After sildenafil treatment and a subsequent non-medicated month, IIEF EF was normal in 29 of 48 （60.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI]： 45.3-74.2%） of the nightly group vs. 4 of 49 （8.2%, 95% CI： 2.3-19.6%） of the as-needed group. PSV improved by 11.2 cm/s （95% CI： 4.7-21.4; P = 0.012） in the nightly group but only by 3.4 cm/s （-5.1- 14.7; P = 0.435） in the as-needed group. IIEF EF normalized in 1 of 18 （5.6%, 95% CI： 0.1-27.3%） non-medicated men and the PSV declined slightly. Six months after treatment, the IIEF EF remained normal and PSV was stabilized in most （28/29, 97%） nightly group men who had initially normalized. Conclusion： Sildenafil nightly for one year resulted in ED regression that persisted well beyond the end of treatment, so that spontaneous EF was characterized as normal on the IIEF in most men. The results from this open-label, randomized trial warrant verification under double-blind, placebo-controlled conditions.
