[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process and antitumor effect of polysaccharides from Hemerocallis fulva. [Method] The con- tent of polysaccharides was determined with phenoFsulfuric ...[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process and antitumor effect of polysaccharides from Hemerocallis fulva. [Method] The con- tent of polysaccharides was determined with phenoFsulfuric acid method. On the basis of single-factor experiment, an L9 （34） orthogonal design was performed with extraction rate of polysaccharides as an indicator to analyze the effects of solid-liq- uid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction frequency on polysaccharide extraction and to investigate the optimal extraction process. Kunming mice were injected subcutaneously with sarcoma S180 ceils in the right axilla and in- tragastrically administrated with different doses of polysaccharides to observe antitu- mor rate. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were detected by antibody sandwich enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay （ELISA）. [Result] The optimal extraction process of polysaccharides from H. fulva was： solid-liq- uid ratio of 1：25 （g/ml）, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 2 h, and extraction frequency of three times. Under the optimized conditions, average extrac- tion rate of polysaccharides from H. fulva reached 17.47%. Polysacchandes extract-. ed from H. fulva could inhibit the growth of S180 sarcoma in mice. Antitumor rate in high-dose polysaccharide group （1,60 g/kg） reached 38.54%. The levels of IL-2 and ]NF-a in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were improved by polysaccharides. [Conclusion] Polysaccharides extracted from H. fulva exhibited strong antitumor activ- ity in vivo, which might be related with the improving effect of polysaccharides on immune function.展开更多
With Hemerocallis fulva‘Golden Doll'as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations of neutral salt( NaCl) and alkaline salt( NaHCO3) stresses on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence ch...With Hemerocallis fulva‘Golden Doll'as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations of neutral salt( NaCl) and alkaline salt( NaHCO3) stresses on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in H. fulva seedlings were studied. The results showed that salt stress treatment significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva. Under the NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses,the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of H. fulva seedlings were basically the same,but the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values of H. fulva seedlings were significantly different under different salt types and salt concentrations. With the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the initial fluorescence yield( Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient( NPQ) increased;the maximum fluorescence yield( Fm),maximum photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),PSII actual photosynthetic quantum yield( Y) and apparent quantum efficiency( AQY) all showed a downward trend;and moreover,with the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn) decreased and the intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci) increased. It was speculated that under salt stress,the photosynthetic characteristics of H. fulva leaves were inhibited. On the one hand,the non-stomatal limiting factor,i. e.,the chlorophyll content decreased,which led to the inhibition of photosynthetic characteristics. On the other hand,the decrease in the photosynthetic performance of mesophyll cells led to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate of H. fulva. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in H. fulva caused by salt stress were closely related to the types of salts and salt concentration. High salt stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva‘Golden Doll',and the effect of NaHCO3 on H. fulva seedlings was significantly greater than that of NaCl.展开更多
A bstract The tawny crazy ant(Nylanderia fulva)is a new invasive pest in the United States.At present,its management mainly relies on the use of synthetic insecticides,which are generally ineffective at producing last...A bstract The tawny crazy ant(Nylanderia fulva)is a new invasive pest in the United States.At present,its management mainly relies on the use of synthetic insecticides,which are generally ineffective at producing lasting control of the pest,necessitating alternative environmentally friendly measures.In this study,we evaluated the feasibility of gene silencing to control this ant species.Six housekeeping genes encoding actin(NfActin),coatomer subunit β (NfCOPP),arginine kinase(NfArgK),and V-type proton ATPase subunits A(NfvATPaseA),B(NfvATPaseB)and E(NfvATPaseE)were cloned.Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity to homologs from other ant species,particularly the Florida carpenter ant(Camponotus floridanus).To silence these genes,vector L4440 was used to generate six specific RNAi constructs for bacterial expression.Heat-inactivated,dsRNA-expressing Escherichia coli were incorporated into artificial diet.Worker ants exhibited reduced endogenous gene expression after feeding on such diet for 9 d.However,only ingestion of dsRNAs of NfCOPfi(a gene involved in protein trafficking)and NfArgK(a cellular energy reserve regulatory gene in invertebrates)caused modest but significantly higher ant mortality than the control.These results suggest that bacterially expressed dsRNA can be orally delivered to ant cells as a mean to target its vulnerabilities.Improved efficacy is necessary for the RNAi-based approach to be useful in tawny crazy ant management.展开更多
为了筛选适合兰州地区种植的萱草品种,推动萱草在兰州地区的应用。本研究以兰州市萱草主栽品种‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis‘Stella De Oro’)为对照,对引入兰州的34个萱草品种进行了物候期、观赏性状及生长适应性的观测,并采用层次分析法...为了筛选适合兰州地区种植的萱草品种,推动萱草在兰州地区的应用。本研究以兰州市萱草主栽品种‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis‘Stella De Oro’)为对照,对引入兰州的34个萱草品种进行了物候期、观赏性状及生长适应性的观测,并采用层次分析法建立综合评价体系及标准。结果显示,35个萱草品种分为4个等级,Ⅰ级(≥3.73分)3种,Ⅱ级(3.26≤Y<3.73分)10种,Ⅲ级(2.79≤Y<3.26分)16种,Ⅳ级(<2.79分)6种。其中,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级共13个品种综合表现显著优于兰州萱草主栽品种‘金娃娃’(Ⅲ级),具有较强的园林应用价值,建议在兰州地区推广使用;Ⅲ级品种(共16种)虽观赏性一般,但可以根据每个品种的特点,作为补充品种与Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级品种搭配使用;Ⅳ级品种(6种)整体观赏性较差,在使用过程中需要较大投入,不推荐使用。展开更多
Byssochlamys fulva AM130,a novel strain of filamentous fungus,could produce ethanol from glucose,xylose,and alkali pretreated rice straw(PRS),while the efficiencies were very low with PRS.Ethanol production of 11.84 g...Byssochlamys fulva AM130,a novel strain of filamentous fungus,could produce ethanol from glucose,xylose,and alkali pretreated rice straw(PRS),while the efficiencies were very low with PRS.Ethanol production of 11.84 g/L was attained by the fungus when grown in glucose,indicating that the limitations while growing on PRS were related to low hydrolytic efficiency.Enzyme profiling of the fungus showed 365 IU/ml of beta-glucosidase and 89 IU/ml of xylanase activity,while endoglucanase and filter paper activity were negligible,which accounts for the low hydrolytic efficiency.The fungus could survive for extended periods under oxygen-limited conditions and produce ethanol.The fungal mycelia could also be used for repeated cycles of anaerobic fermentation,wherein the ethanol yield improved with each consecutive cycle.展开更多
文摘[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the optimal extraction process and antitumor effect of polysaccharides from Hemerocallis fulva. [Method] The con- tent of polysaccharides was determined with phenoFsulfuric acid method. On the basis of single-factor experiment, an L9 （34） orthogonal design was performed with extraction rate of polysaccharides as an indicator to analyze the effects of solid-liq- uid ratio, extraction temperature, extraction time and extraction frequency on polysaccharide extraction and to investigate the optimal extraction process. Kunming mice were injected subcutaneously with sarcoma S180 ceils in the right axilla and in- tragastrically administrated with different doses of polysaccharides to observe antitu- mor rate. The levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were detected by antibody sandwich enzyme-linked inununosorbent assay （ELISA）. [Result] The optimal extraction process of polysaccharides from H. fulva was： solid-liq- uid ratio of 1：25 （g/ml）, extraction temperature of 80 ℃, extraction time of 2 h, and extraction frequency of three times. Under the optimized conditions, average extrac- tion rate of polysaccharides from H. fulva reached 17.47%. Polysacchandes extract-. ed from H. fulva could inhibit the growth of S180 sarcoma in mice. Antitumor rate in high-dose polysaccharide group （1,60 g/kg） reached 38.54%. The levels of IL-2 and ]NF-a in serum of S180 sarcoma-bearing mice were improved by polysaccharides. [Conclusion] Polysaccharides extracted from H. fulva exhibited strong antitumor activ- ity in vivo, which might be related with the improving effect of polysaccharides on immune function.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Research Project of Institutions of Higher Education in Hebei Province (BJ2017102)Tangshan Normal University Doctoral Fund (2014A06)。
文摘With Hemerocallis fulva‘Golden Doll'as an experimental material,the effects of different concentrations of neutral salt( NaCl) and alkaline salt( NaHCO3) stresses on photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics in H. fulva seedlings were studied. The results showed that salt stress treatment significantly reduced the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva. Under the NaCl and NaHCO3 stresses,the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of H. fulva seedlings were basically the same,but the photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameter values of H. fulva seedlings were significantly different under different salt types and salt concentrations. With the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the initial fluorescence yield( Fo) and non-photochemical quenching coefficient( NPQ) increased;the maximum fluorescence yield( Fm),maximum photochemical efficiency( Fv/Fm),PSII actual photosynthetic quantum yield( Y) and apparent quantum efficiency( AQY) all showed a downward trend;and moreover,with the extension of days of salt stress and the increase of salt concentration,the net photosynthetic rate( Pn) decreased and the intercellular CO2 concentration( Ci) increased. It was speculated that under salt stress,the photosynthetic characteristics of H. fulva leaves were inhibited. On the one hand,the non-stomatal limiting factor,i. e.,the chlorophyll content decreased,which led to the inhibition of photosynthetic characteristics. On the other hand,the decrease in the photosynthetic performance of mesophyll cells led to a decrease in the net photosynthetic rate of H. fulva. The changes of photosynthetic characteristics and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters in H. fulva caused by salt stress were closely related to the types of salts and salt concentration. High salt stress significantly inhibited the photosynthetic capacity of H. fulva‘Golden Doll',and the effect of NaHCO3 on H. fulva seedlings was significantly greater than that of NaCl.
基金supported by the AgriLife Research Invasive Ant Research and Management Project and by China Scholarship Council.
文摘A bstract The tawny crazy ant(Nylanderia fulva)is a new invasive pest in the United States.At present,its management mainly relies on the use of synthetic insecticides,which are generally ineffective at producing lasting control of the pest,necessitating alternative environmentally friendly measures.In this study,we evaluated the feasibility of gene silencing to control this ant species.Six housekeeping genes encoding actin(NfActin),coatomer subunit β (NfCOPP),arginine kinase(NfArgK),and V-type proton ATPase subunits A(NfvATPaseA),B(NfvATPaseB)and E(NfvATPaseE)were cloned.Phylogenetic analysis revealed high sequence similarity to homologs from other ant species,particularly the Florida carpenter ant(Camponotus floridanus).To silence these genes,vector L4440 was used to generate six specific RNAi constructs for bacterial expression.Heat-inactivated,dsRNA-expressing Escherichia coli were incorporated into artificial diet.Worker ants exhibited reduced endogenous gene expression after feeding on such diet for 9 d.However,only ingestion of dsRNAs of NfCOPfi(a gene involved in protein trafficking)and NfArgK(a cellular energy reserve regulatory gene in invertebrates)caused modest but significantly higher ant mortality than the control.These results suggest that bacterially expressed dsRNA can be orally delivered to ant cells as a mean to target its vulnerabilities.Improved efficacy is necessary for the RNAi-based approach to be useful in tawny crazy ant management.
文摘为了筛选适合兰州地区种植的萱草品种,推动萱草在兰州地区的应用。本研究以兰州市萱草主栽品种‘金娃娃’(Hemerocallis‘Stella De Oro’)为对照,对引入兰州的34个萱草品种进行了物候期、观赏性状及生长适应性的观测,并采用层次分析法建立综合评价体系及标准。结果显示,35个萱草品种分为4个等级,Ⅰ级(≥3.73分)3种,Ⅱ级(3.26≤Y<3.73分)10种,Ⅲ级(2.79≤Y<3.26分)16种,Ⅳ级(<2.79分)6种。其中,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级共13个品种综合表现显著优于兰州萱草主栽品种‘金娃娃’(Ⅲ级),具有较强的园林应用价值,建议在兰州地区推广使用;Ⅲ级品种(共16种)虽观赏性一般,但可以根据每个品种的特点,作为补充品种与Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级品种搭配使用;Ⅳ级品种(6种)整体观赏性较差,在使用过程中需要较大投入,不推荐使用。
基金Research(CSIR)for the financial support for the project MLP 0035(33/2018/MD-FTT&FTC-ANB)of which this study forms a part of.
文摘Byssochlamys fulva AM130,a novel strain of filamentous fungus,could produce ethanol from glucose,xylose,and alkali pretreated rice straw(PRS),while the efficiencies were very low with PRS.Ethanol production of 11.84 g/L was attained by the fungus when grown in glucose,indicating that the limitations while growing on PRS were related to low hydrolytic efficiency.Enzyme profiling of the fungus showed 365 IU/ml of beta-glucosidase and 89 IU/ml of xylanase activity,while endoglucanase and filter paper activity were negligible,which accounts for the low hydrolytic efficiency.The fungus could survive for extended periods under oxygen-limited conditions and produce ethanol.The fungal mycelia could also be used for repeated cycles of anaerobic fermentation,wherein the ethanol yield improved with each consecutive cycle.
