This paper summarizes the fuel type systems currently adopted by the fire danger rating systems or fire behavior prediction systems of some countries, such as Canada, the United States, Australia, Greece, and Switzerl...This paper summarizes the fuel type systems currently adopted by the fire danger rating systems or fire behavior prediction systems of some countries, such as Canada, the United States, Australia, Greece, and Switzerland. As an example, the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System organizes fuel types into five major groups, with a total of 16 discrete fuel types recognized. In the United States National Fire Danger Rating System, fuel models are divided into four vegetation groups and twenty fire behavior fuel models. The Promethus System （Greece） divides fuels into 7 types, and Australia has adopted only three distinct fuel types： open grasslands, dry eucalyptus forests, and heath/shrublands. Four approaches to mapping fuels are acceptable： field reconnaissance, direct mapping methods, indirect mapping methods, and gradient modeling. Satellite remote-sensing techniques provide an alternative source of obtaining fuel data quickly, since they provide comprehensive spatial coverage and enough temporal resolution to update fuel maps in a more efficient and timely manner than traditional aerial photography or fieldwork. Satellite sensors can also provide digital information that can be easily tied into other spatial databases using Geographic Information System （GIS） analysis, which can be used as input in fire behavior and growth models. Various fuel-mapping methods from satellite remote sensing are discussed in the paper. According to the analysis of the fuel mapping techniques worldwide, this paper suggests that China should first create appropriate fuel types for its fire agencies before embarking on developing a national fire danger rating system to improve the current data situation for it＇s fire management programs.展开更多
Fire plays an important role in Northeast China forests. The occurrence of fires is closely related to the environmental characteristics. High temperature, drought, and strong wind in spring ( March to July ) and autu...Fire plays an important role in Northeast China forests. The occurrence of fires is closely related to the environmental characteristics. High temperature, drought, and strong wind in spring ( March to July ) and autumn ( September to November ) are common fire climatic characteristics in Northeast China. Based on the chemical and physical characters of fuels, fuel quantity distribution, sites as well as fire potential behaviour, fourteen fuel types have been classified in Northeast China Forest area. The fire adaptation of several main tree species has been also analysed in this paper. These species are widely distributed and of great economic significance in Northeast China. Fire use is paid much more attention recently. Fire have been employed in many silviculture practice such as firclinc creation, fuels reduction and seed bed preparation in Northeast China展开更多
基金This paper was supported by the Beijing Fund of Nature Science (No. 6042025), China NKBRSF Project (No. 2001CB409600) and Laboratory of Forest Protection, State Forestry Administration
文摘This paper summarizes the fuel type systems currently adopted by the fire danger rating systems or fire behavior prediction systems of some countries, such as Canada, the United States, Australia, Greece, and Switzerland. As an example, the Canadian Forest Fire Danger Rating System organizes fuel types into five major groups, with a total of 16 discrete fuel types recognized. In the United States National Fire Danger Rating System, fuel models are divided into four vegetation groups and twenty fire behavior fuel models. The Promethus System （Greece） divides fuels into 7 types, and Australia has adopted only three distinct fuel types： open grasslands, dry eucalyptus forests, and heath/shrublands. Four approaches to mapping fuels are acceptable： field reconnaissance, direct mapping methods, indirect mapping methods, and gradient modeling. Satellite remote-sensing techniques provide an alternative source of obtaining fuel data quickly, since they provide comprehensive spatial coverage and enough temporal resolution to update fuel maps in a more efficient and timely manner than traditional aerial photography or fieldwork. Satellite sensors can also provide digital information that can be easily tied into other spatial databases using Geographic Information System （GIS） analysis, which can be used as input in fire behavior and growth models. Various fuel-mapping methods from satellite remote sensing are discussed in the paper. According to the analysis of the fuel mapping techniques worldwide, this paper suggests that China should first create appropriate fuel types for its fire agencies before embarking on developing a national fire danger rating system to improve the current data situation for it＇s fire management programs.
文摘Fire plays an important role in Northeast China forests. The occurrence of fires is closely related to the environmental characteristics. High temperature, drought, and strong wind in spring ( March to July ) and autumn ( September to November ) are common fire climatic characteristics in Northeast China. Based on the chemical and physical characters of fuels, fuel quantity distribution, sites as well as fire potential behaviour, fourteen fuel types have been classified in Northeast China Forest area. The fire adaptation of several main tree species has been also analysed in this paper. These species are widely distributed and of great economic significance in Northeast China. Fire use is paid much more attention recently. Fire have been employed in many silviculture practice such as firclinc creation, fuels reduction and seed bed preparation in Northeast China
