Winter chill is essential for the growth and development of deciduous species. To understand the relationship between accumulated chilling hours during endodormancy and blooming and fruit shape development, we control...Winter chill is essential for the growth and development of deciduous species. To understand the relationship between accumulated chilling hours during endodormancy and blooming and fruit shape development, we controlled chilling hours and investigated their effects on blooming date and fruit shape of peaches. The results showed that the number of days to full bloom date and the heat requirement for blooming were negatively correlated with accumulated chilling hours. Accumulated chilling hours were significantly negatively correlated with fruit shape index and fruit tip lengths, suggesting that the number of chilling hours affect the fruit shape development. Fewer accumulated chilling hours may be the major reason for longer fruit shape and protruding fruit tips. In conclusion, our results indicate specifically that decreased winter chilling hours can delay the bloom date and may lead to aberrant fruit shape development in peaches. Our study provides preliminary insights into the response of temperate fruit species to global climate change.展开更多
To gain insight into the molecular and genetic basis of fruit size and shape in cucumber,we conducted Quantitative Trait Locus(QTL)mapping with F2 and BC1F1 populations derived froma cross between the Northern-China t...To gain insight into the molecular and genetic basis of fruit size and shape in cucumber,we conducted Quantitative Trait Locus(QTL)mapping with F2 and BC1F1 populations derived froma cross between the Northern-China type inbred line CNS21 and the Southern-China type inbred line RNS7.Populations were evaluated during two developmental stages,ovary at anthesis and commercial fruit(immature fruit).A total of 13 major-effect QTLs(R2>10%)were detected for six traits,and one of them,fruit shape index 2.1,explained more than 50%of phenotypic variation.All QTLs distributed on chromosome(chr)1 and 2.We constructed a physical map containing almost all of the QTLs with their physical location from previous studies.For fruit size and shape,the highest number of QTLs were mapped on chr1 and chr6,and the fewest number were mapped on chr2 and chr7.At least one consensus region was presented on each chromosome.In addition,three candidate genes were predicted between the long-fruited and round-fruited inbred lines by comparing the sequences of the consensus region of chr3,where many QTLs for marketable fruit length had been detected.Our results provide a base for additional QTLs and molecular markers for fruit size and shape in cucumber breeding.展开更多
Domestication of crop plants is the foundation of modern agriculture, which brings forth desirable changes in cultivated species that distinguish them from their wild relatives. This resulted in the origin of crop spe...Domestication of crop plants is the foundation of modern agriculture, which brings forth desirable changes in cultivated species that distinguish them from their wild relatives. This resulted in the origin of crop species at known geographical locations coinciding with the transition of human societies from hunter-gather to agrarian civilizations. Fruit size and shape are very important traits for horticulture industry, as well as for studying the domestication of the horticultural species. In this review, we have summarized the origin of some widely-grown horticultural crops and also the molecular bases of the fruit size and shape changes of the horticultural crops during the domestication, taking tomato as an example.展开更多
The plant growth process is accompanied by dynamic changes in the microtubules,and the rearrangement of microtubules is regulated by diverse microtubule-associated proteins(MAPs).Plant MAP65s have been exhaustively ch...The plant growth process is accompanied by dynamic changes in the microtubules,and the rearrangement of microtubules is regulated by diverse microtubule-associated proteins(MAPs).Plant MAP65s have been exhaustively characterized in some species,but the information about MAP65 family members in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is limited.In this study,nine SlMAP65 family genes were identified in the tomato genome.Then a systematic analysis that considered the physio-chemical properties,evolution,conserved motifs,domains,gene structure,and cis-regulatory elements of SlMAP65 family members was conducted.The family member Sl MAP65-1,which had the highest expression,was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9.The tomato fruit of slmap65-1 loss of function lines showed an elongated morphology,and the data indicated that SlMAP65-1 is involved in fruit morphogenesis at the early fruit development stage.These results provide new insights for fruit morphogenesis-related research and future functional studies of the SlMAP65 family members in tomato.展开更多
[Objective] The effects of special plant nutritional elements on honey pomelo fruits were investigated. [Method] After the honey pomelo flowers faded, the special plant nutritional elements （SPNE） were sprayed on th...[Objective] The effects of special plant nutritional elements on honey pomelo fruits were investigated. [Method] After the honey pomelo flowers faded, the special plant nutritional elements （SPNE） were sprayed on the honey pomelo plants. After an interval of 20 d or more, the SPNE were sprayed again. A total of 4 times of spraying were carried out before the harvesting. Then difference in yield, quality, fruit weight, fruit appearance, ball weight and internal characteristics were compared between the SPNE treatment group and the control group. [Result] Compared to that of the control group, the fruit number per plant of the SPNE treatment group was more, and the average fruit weight was higher, resulting in the higher yield in the SPNE treatment group. At the same time, the vitamin C and soluble solids con- tent in honey pomelo fruits of the treatment group was higher than that of the con- trol group. The quality of honey pomelo fruits was higher in the SPNE treatment group. The honey pomelo fruits treated with SPNE were bigger, more shining and cleaner. The fruits in the treatment group had no scar, but had more beautiful shape. The exocarp of the treatment group was thinner than that of the control group. The ball weight of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the ball appearance of the treatment group was cleaner. In the treatment group, the pulp segments were bigger and more consistent in size. In ad- dition, there were no internal cracks in the pulp segments. The fruits of the treat- ment group were more sparkling and more transparent. They tasted better. [Con- clusion] We hoped to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yield- ing production of honey pomelo.展开更多
Genes controlling fruit appearance determine fruit shape and size. In ethylmethane sulfonate （EMS）-mutagenized lines of Fragaria vesca accession Yellow Wonder （YW）, two fruit shapes are observed： wild-type long f...Genes controlling fruit appearance determine fruit shape and size. In ethylmethane sulfonate （EMS）-mutagenized lines of Fragaria vesca accession Yellow Wonder （YW）, two fruit shapes are observed： wild-type long fruit and mutated shortened fruit （sf）. In this study, we first characterized sf based on morphology, histology, cytology and physiology. The sf was identified as a gibberellin （GA）-deficient mutant, and four complementary DNA （cDNA） libraries separately constructed from flower buds and small green fruits of YW and sfwere sequenced to comparatively analyze transcriptome differences. A total of 29 differentially expressed GA pathway genes were identified by comparisons between YWl and sfl, and 28 differentially expressed GA pathway genes were identified between YW2 and sf2. In addition, the expression patterns of 45 differentially expressed genes were validated by quantificational real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results.＇ This transcriptome analysis provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit development of strawberry.展开更多
基金supported by the grants from the Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program, China (CAAS-ASTIP-2015-ZFRI)the Comprehensive Experimental Station of Zhengzhou of China Agriculture Research System (CARS-31-Z-10)
文摘Winter chill is essential for the growth and development of deciduous species. To understand the relationship between accumulated chilling hours during endodormancy and blooming and fruit shape development, we controlled chilling hours and investigated their effects on blooming date and fruit shape of peaches. The results showed that the number of days to full bloom date and the heat requirement for blooming were negatively correlated with accumulated chilling hours. Accumulated chilling hours were significantly negatively correlated with fruit shape index and fruit tip lengths, suggesting that the number of chilling hours affect the fruit shape development. Fewer accumulated chilling hours may be the major reason for longer fruit shape and protruding fruit tips. In conclusion, our results indicate specifically that decreased winter chilling hours can delay the bloom date and may lead to aberrant fruit shape development in peaches. Our study provides preliminary insights into the response of temperate fruit species to global climate change.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.31672170,31872950 and 31222048)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Grant No.JQ201309),the Shandong“Double Tops”Program(Grant No.SYL2017YSTD06)the‘Taishan Scholar’Foundation of the People’s Government of Shandong Province(Grant No.ts20130932).
文摘To gain insight into the molecular and genetic basis of fruit size and shape in cucumber,we conducted Quantitative Trait Locus(QTL)mapping with F2 and BC1F1 populations derived froma cross between the Northern-China type inbred line CNS21 and the Southern-China type inbred line RNS7.Populations were evaluated during two developmental stages,ovary at anthesis and commercial fruit(immature fruit).A total of 13 major-effect QTLs(R2>10%)were detected for six traits,and one of them,fruit shape index 2.1,explained more than 50%of phenotypic variation.All QTLs distributed on chromosome(chr)1 and 2.We constructed a physical map containing almost all of the QTLs with their physical location from previous studies.For fruit size and shape,the highest number of QTLs were mapped on chr1 and chr6,and the fewest number were mapped on chr2 and chr7.At least one consensus region was presented on each chromosome.In addition,three candidate genes were predicted between the long-fruited and round-fruited inbred lines by comparing the sequences of the consensus region of chr3,where many QTLs for marketable fruit length had been detected.Our results provide a base for additional QTLs and molecular markers for fruit size and shape in cucumber breeding.
基金supported by Chinese Universities Scientific Fund (2017QC108)
文摘Domestication of crop plants is the foundation of modern agriculture, which brings forth desirable changes in cultivated species that distinguish them from their wild relatives. This resulted in the origin of crop species at known geographical locations coinciding with the transition of human societies from hunter-gather to agrarian civilizations. Fruit size and shape are very important traits for horticulture industry, as well as for studying the domestication of the horticultural species. In this review, we have summarized the origin of some widely-grown horticultural crops and also the molecular bases of the fruit size and shape changes of the horticultural crops during the domestication, taking tomato as an example.
基金supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(32302623 and 32172639)。
文摘The plant growth process is accompanied by dynamic changes in the microtubules,and the rearrangement of microtubules is regulated by diverse microtubule-associated proteins(MAPs).Plant MAP65s have been exhaustively characterized in some species,but the information about MAP65 family members in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum)is limited.In this study,nine SlMAP65 family genes were identified in the tomato genome.Then a systematic analysis that considered the physio-chemical properties,evolution,conserved motifs,domains,gene structure,and cis-regulatory elements of SlMAP65 family members was conducted.The family member Sl MAP65-1,which had the highest expression,was knocked out by CRISPR/Cas9.The tomato fruit of slmap65-1 loss of function lines showed an elongated morphology,and the data indicated that SlMAP65-1 is involved in fruit morphogenesis at the early fruit development stage.These results provide new insights for fruit morphogenesis-related research and future functional studies of the SlMAP65 family members in tomato.
基金Supported by the Serving Economic and Social Development Program of Guangzhou University~~
文摘[Objective] The effects of special plant nutritional elements on honey pomelo fruits were investigated. [Method] After the honey pomelo flowers faded, the special plant nutritional elements （SPNE） were sprayed on the honey pomelo plants. After an interval of 20 d or more, the SPNE were sprayed again. A total of 4 times of spraying were carried out before the harvesting. Then difference in yield, quality, fruit weight, fruit appearance, ball weight and internal characteristics were compared between the SPNE treatment group and the control group. [Result] Compared to that of the control group, the fruit number per plant of the SPNE treatment group was more, and the average fruit weight was higher, resulting in the higher yield in the SPNE treatment group. At the same time, the vitamin C and soluble solids con- tent in honey pomelo fruits of the treatment group was higher than that of the con- trol group. The quality of honey pomelo fruits was higher in the SPNE treatment group. The honey pomelo fruits treated with SPNE were bigger, more shining and cleaner. The fruits in the treatment group had no scar, but had more beautiful shape. The exocarp of the treatment group was thinner than that of the control group. The ball weight of the treatment group was higher than that of the control group. Moreover, the ball appearance of the treatment group was cleaner. In the treatment group, the pulp segments were bigger and more consistent in size. In ad- dition, there were no internal cracks in the pulp segments. The fruits of the treat- ment group were more sparkling and more transparent. They tasted better. [Con- clusion] We hoped to provide a theoretical basis for the high-quality and high-yield- ing production of honey pomelo.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31372037)
文摘Genes controlling fruit appearance determine fruit shape and size. In ethylmethane sulfonate （EMS）-mutagenized lines of Fragaria vesca accession Yellow Wonder （YW）, two fruit shapes are observed： wild-type long fruit and mutated shortened fruit （sf）. In this study, we first characterized sf based on morphology, histology, cytology and physiology. The sf was identified as a gibberellin （GA）-deficient mutant, and four complementary DNA （cDNA） libraries separately constructed from flower buds and small green fruits of YW and sfwere sequenced to comparatively analyze transcriptome differences. A total of 29 differentially expressed GA pathway genes were identified by comparisons between YWl and sfl, and 28 differentially expressed GA pathway genes were identified between YW2 and sf2. In addition, the expression patterns of 45 differentially expressed genes were validated by quantificational real-time PCR （qRT-PCR）, and the results were highly concordant with the RNA-Seq results.＇ This transcriptome analysis provides valuable information for understanding the molecular mechanisms of fruit development of strawberry.
