Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life co...Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.展开更多
Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction proce...Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was ...Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was explored by network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation.The effects of AOF on renal function and lipid deposition were assessed in a mouse model of DKD and high glucose-stressed HK-2 cells.Cell viability and lipid accumulation were detected by CCK8 and oil red O staining.The expressions of PPARαand fatty acid oxidation-related genes(ACOX1 and CPT1A)were detected by quantitative RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Furthermore,PPARαknockdown was performed to examine the molecular mechanism of AOF in treating DKD.Results:Network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the active compounds in AOF targeted PPARαand thus transcriptionally regulated ACOX1 and CPT1A.AOF lowered blood glucose,improved dyslipidemia,and attenuated renal injury in DKD mice.AOF-containing serum accentuated high glucose-induced decrease in cell viability and ameliorated lipid accumulation.Additionally,it significantly upregulated the expression of PPARα,ACOX1,and CPT1A in both in vivo and in vitro experiments,which was reversed by PPARαknockdown.Conclusions:AOF may promote fatty acid oxidation via PPARαto ameliorate renal lipid deposition in DKD.展开更多
As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medic...As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medicinal and food resources,has been widely used to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.However,as a core active ingredient of CF,whether and how morroniside(MOR)improves T2D is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the pathways by which MOR ameliorates T2D in mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and low-dose streptozotocin through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.We found that MOR treatment significantly ameliorated body weight loss,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in T2D mice.In addition,MOR remarkably improved inflammation-and oxidative stress-driven hepatic and pancreatic injuries in the model mice.Mechanistically,MOR rehabilitated the dysregulated diversity and constitution of the gut microbiota in T2D mice,with significant changes in relative abundance in genus such as Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 which are believed to be highly correlated with serum parameters and insulin resistance in mice with T2D.Therefore,we infer that MOR improves T2D at least partially by maintaining the host microbiota homeostasis,and MOR may be a promising candidate for T2D treatment.展开更多
This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation...This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.展开更多
Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney c...Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.展开更多
Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart ...Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus,while also possessing anti-cancer and anti-aging properties.Both Trichosanthis Pericarpium(Gualoupi)and Trichosanthis Semen(Gualouzi)are used medicinally.With the increasing clinical application of Trichosanthes medicinal materials and their preparations(such as Gualou Injection and Gualou Tablets),the demand for them is expected to grow substantially.To further investigate Trichosanthis Fructus,explore its medicinal effects and new applications,and promote the development of Trichosanthis Fructus-based products,this paper reviewed the chemical components of Trichosanthis Fructus.Furthermore,the differences in major chemical components among Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Semen were compared,providing a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation standards of Trichosanthes medicinal materials.展开更多
Fructus corni is the dried sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.It has been used as an important traditional Chinese medicine.Its action is to protect liver and kidney and regulate the essence of human body.In...Fructus corni is the dried sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.It has been used as an important traditional Chinese medicine.Its action is to protect liver and kidney and regulate the essence of human body.In this paper,the research progress on the chemical ingredients and pharmacological activities of Fructus corni are reviewed.According to its pharmacological activities,some suggestions for future research and development have been made.展开更多
For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 c...For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 column （150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）; column temperature： 35 ℃; mobile phase： methanol water （65：35, v/v）; flow rate： 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength： 280 nm. Eugenol and bancroftione showed good linear relationships with peak areas within the range of （0.0998 0.8982） mg/mL （r = 0.9999） and （0.1474-1.3266） mg/mL （r = 0.9999）, respectively. The average recoveries were 102.52% and 100.96% for eugenol and bancroftione, respectively. Our results showed that the established method is simple, rapid, and accurate with good reproducibility to evaluate the quality of Caryophylli Fructus.展开更多
AIM: To examine the effect of aqueous fructus aurantii immaturus(FAI) extracts on the intestinal plexus of cathartic colons.METHODS: Cathartic colons were induced in rats with dahuang,a laxative used in traditional Ch...AIM: To examine the effect of aqueous fructus aurantii immaturus(FAI) extracts on the intestinal plexus of cathartic colons.METHODS: Cathartic colons were induced in rats with dahuang,a laxative used in traditional Chinese medicine. Once the model was established(after approximately 12 wk),rats were administered mosapride(1.54 mg/kg) or various doses of aqueous FAI extracts(1-4 g/kg) for 14 d. Transit function was assessed using an ink propulsion test. Rats were then sacrificed,and the ultramicrostructure of colonic tissue was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HTR4) and neurofilament-H was assessed in colon tissues using real-time PCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Mosapride and high dose(4 g/kg) of aqueous FAI extracts significantly improved the bowel movement in cathartic colons compared to untreated model colons as measured by the intestinal transit rate(70.06 ± 7.25 and 72.02 ± 8.74,respectively,vs 64.12 ± 5.19; P < 0.05 for both). Compared to controls,the ultramicrostructure of cathartic colons showed signsof neural degeneration. Treatment with mosapride and aqueous FAI extracts resulted in recovery of ultrastructural pathology. Treatment with mosapride alone upregulated the gene and protein expression of 5-HTR4 compared to untreated controls(P < 0.05 for both). Treatment with aqueous FAI extracts(≥ 2 g/kg) increased 5-HTR4 m RNA levels(P < 0.05),but no change in protein level was observed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. The m RNA and protein levels of neurofilament-H were significantly increased with mosapride and ≥ 2 g/kg aqueous FAI extracts compared to controls(P < 0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: Aqueous FAI extracts and mosapride strengthen bowel movement in cathartic colons via increasing the expression of 5-HTR4 and neurofilament-H.展开更多
Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructu...Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9（3）4], including the ratio of buffer solution （Na2B4O7· 10H2O） to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 （mg/g） after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 （g/mL）, and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.展开更多
Fructus Psoraleae,which is commonly consumed for the treatment of osteoporosis,bone fracture,and leucoderma,induces liver injury.This study investigated the pathogenesis of the ethanol extract of Fructus Psoraleae(EEF...Fructus Psoraleae,which is commonly consumed for the treatment of osteoporosis,bone fracture,and leucoderma,induces liver injury.This study investigated the pathogenesis of the ethanol extract of Fructus Psoraleae(EEFP)-induced liver injury in rats.EEFP(1.35,1.80,and 2.25 g·kg^–1)was administrated to Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 30 d.We measured liver chemistries,histopathology,and quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)-based protein profiling.EEFP demonstrated parameters suggestive of liver injury with changes in bile secretion,bile flow rate,and liver histopathology.iTRAQ analysis showed that a total of 4042 proteins were expressed in liver tissues of EEFP-treated and untreated rats.Among these proteins,81 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated in the treatment group.KEGG pathway analysis showed that the drug metabolic pathways of cytochrome P450,glutathione metabolism,glycerolipid metabolism,and bile secretion were enriched with differentially expressed proteins.The expression of key proteins related to the farnesoid X receptor(FXR),i.e.,the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha(PPAR-α),were downregulated,and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3(MRP3)was upregulated in the EEFP-treated rats.Our results provide evidence that EEFP may induce hepatotoxicity through various pathways.Furthermore,our study demonstrates changes in protein regulation using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics analysis.展开更多
Pancreatic lipase(PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibi...Pancreatic lipase(PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae(FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL(IC50 < 10 μmol·L-1). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate(4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the Ki values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones(isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.展开更多
Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psorale...Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psoraleae Fructus-related herbal medicines frequently have been used in combination with a number of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as leukoderma, rheumatism and dysentery. The use of Psoraleae Fructus in combination with drugs has aroused concern of the potential risks of herb-drug interactions(HDI) or herb-endobiotic interactions(HEI). This article reviews the interactions between human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the constituents of Psoraleae Fructus;the major constituents in Psoraleae Fructus, along with their chemical structures and metabolic pathways are summarized, and the inhibitory and inductive effects of the constituents in Psoraleae Fructus on human drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs), including target enzyme(s), its modulatory potency, and mechanisms of action are presented. Collectively, this review summarizes current knowledge of the interactions between the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus and therapeutic drugs in an effort to facilitate its rational use in clinical settings, and especially to avoid the potential risks of HDI or HEI through human DMEs.展开更多
The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to...The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to monitor the effects of independent variables, including processing temperature and time, on the dependent variables. Response surfaces and contour plots of the contents of total lignans, chlorogenic acid, arctiin, and aretigenin were obtained through ultraviolet and visible （UV-Vis） monitoring and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Fructus Arctii should be processed under heating in a pot at 311℃, medicine at 119℃ for 123s with flipping frequently. The experimental values under the optimized processing technology were consistent with the predicted values. In conclusion, RSM is an effective method to optimize the processing of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.展开更多
Four prenylated flavonoids compounds 1-4,named sinopodophyllines A-D,and a flavonoid glycoside(compound 13),sinopodophylliside A,together with 19 known compounds(compounds 5-12 and 14-24) were isolated from the fruits...Four prenylated flavonoids compounds 1-4,named sinopodophyllines A-D,and a flavonoid glycoside(compound 13),sinopodophylliside A,together with 19 known compounds(compounds 5-12 and 14-24) were isolated from the fruits of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis,including HRESIMS,1D and 2D NMR.Compounds 1-6,9-11,and 14-17 were tested for their cytotoxicity against human breast-cancer T47 D,MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro,and compounds 2,5,6,10 and 11 showed significant cytotoxicity(IC50 values < 10 μmol·L^(-1))against T47 D cells.展开更多
Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional no...Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional nontoxic herb,it has aroused worldwide concern about the potential risks due to increasing adverse reaction events.This article reviews the botany,ancient records of medical uses,adverse reactions,toxicological research advance and detoxification methods of PF.According to clinical studies,liver injury is the most predominant in PF-related adverse reactions.The underlying mechanisms include bile acid metabolism and transport disorders,oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,inhibition of liver cell regeneration and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,the potential toxins of PF are summarized.Traditional methods of processing and compatibility will provide reference for reducing the toxicity of PF,which requires further research.In sum,this work systematically summarizes the reserach progress on the safety of PF,which will provide comprehensive insights into the toxicity of PF and facilitate its safe use and future development.展开更多
A simple,rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）method was developed for the determination of salidroside in rat plasma and study of its pharmacokinetics after oral administration of suspe...A simple,rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）method was developed for the determination of salidroside in rat plasma and study of its pharmacokinetics after oral administration of suspension of Erzhi Wan and Fructus Ligustri lucidi into Wistar rats.Plasma sample of 200 μL was extracted with acetic ether-isopropanol（2∶1）and the extraction was performed on a Kromasil C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）with the mobile phase of methanol-water（41∶59,v/v）within a run time of 6.0 min.The analyte was monitored with positive electrospray ionization（ESI）by selected ion monitoring（SIM）mode.The target ions were m/z 323.05 for salidroside and m/z 411.05 for internal standard（IS）geniposide.A good linear relationship was obtained over the range of 5.0-500.0 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 5.0 ng/mL.The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of salidroside in rat plasma after oral administration of suspension of Erzhi Wan and Fructus Ligustri lucidi.展开更多
Background Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis secondary to liver fibrosis are serious liver diseases with no effective treatments.Mori fructus aqueous extracts(MFAEs)have served as successful treatments ...Background Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis secondary to liver fibrosis are serious liver diseases with no effective treatments.Mori fructus aqueous extracts(MFAEs)have served as successful treatments for many types of liver injury including fibrosis although the molecular mechanisms are unknown at present.Purpose To investigate the effect of MFAEs in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury and tried to decipher the underlying mechanism.Methods and results Mice were divided into 5 groups(n ps:contro=8)for acute(groups:control,0.3%CCl_(4),bifendate(BD),100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,7 d)and chronic(groul,10%CCl_(4),BD,100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,4 weeks)liver injury study.Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 10μL/g corn oil containing CCl_(4)expect the control group.HepG2 cells were used in vitro study.Eighteen communal components were identified by UPLC-LTQOrbitrap-MS.We utilized a mouse model for acute and chronic liver injury using CCl_(4)and MFAEs administration effectively blocked fibrosis and significantly inhibited inflammation in the liver.MFAEs activated the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2/heme oxygenase 1(Nrf2/HO-1)pathway and promoted the synthesis of the antioxidants glutathione(GSH),superoxidedismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)that resulted in reduced levels of CCl_(4)-induced oxidative stress molecules including reactive oxygen species.These extracts administered to mice also inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),thus reducing the occurrence of liver fibrosis.Both in vivo and in vitro tests indicated that the mechanism of MFAEs protection against liver fibrosis was linked to activation of Nrf2 signaling.These effects were blocked in vitro by the addition of a specific Nrf2 inhibitor.Conclusion MFAEs inhibited oxidative stress,ferroptosis and inflammation of the liver by activating Nrf2 signal pathway and provided a significant protective effect against CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis.展开更多
This study investigated the effects and possible targets of Fructus Broussonetiae extract, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, on a model of Alzheimer＇s disease induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25 35 and D-galactose...This study investigated the effects and possible targets of Fructus Broussonetiae extract, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, on a model of Alzheimer＇s disease induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25 35 and D-galactose. The results revealed that intragastric administration of Fructus Broussonetiae significantly increased the expression of immunoglobulin-binding protein, a key factor in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-signaling pathway in rat hippocampus. In contrast, the treatment significantly decreased expression levels of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and C/EBP homologous protein, and substantially improved learning, memory and spatial recognition dysfunction in rats. This evidence indicates that Fructus Broussonetiae extract improves spatial learning and memory abilities in rats by affecting the regulation of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the apoptosis pathway.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2024AFD225)the Major Task Innovation Project of Hubei Province(2023BEB011)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB403)the Central Guided Local Science and Technology Development Special Project of Hubei Province(2019ZYYD069)。
文摘Depression poses a considerable threat to global health,underscoring the critical need for safe treatments.Because of its homology of medicine and food,Gardeniae Fructus is widely used in clinical and everyday life contexts.Gardeniae Fructus oil(OGF)is a waste byproduct of the food industry with promising recycling potential.While previous research has demonstrated the antidepressant effects of OGF,the precise mechanism remains unclear.To fill this gap in the literature,this paper elucidates the composition and potential antidepressant mechanism of OGF.According to the results,OGF is mainly composed of fatty acids and unsaponifiable matter.OGF could effectively attenuate depression-like behaviors in mice with chronic unpredictable mild stress by modulating the microbiota-gut-brain axis.Mechanisms include improving gut dysbiosis,regulating short-chain fatty acids,protecting the intestinal barrier function,reducing hippocampal damage,and alleviating neuroinflammation by inhibiting the activation of the TLR4/NF-κB/NLRP3 pathway.Fecal microbiota transplantation experiments confirmed the involvement of the gut microbiota in the modulation of depression-like behavior by OGF.This study establishes the antidepressant effects of OGF as well as the underlying mechanism,demonstrating its potential as a novel dietary intervention for depression treatment.
文摘Fructus Ligustri Lucidi(FLL)refers to the dried mature fruit of Ligustrum lucidum Ait.,a species from the Oleaceae family,widely distributed across East Asia and India.This study aimed to optimize the extraction process for Fructus Ligustri Lucidi essential oil(FLLO)to develop an efficient and practical extraction method.Additionally,the chemical composition of FLLO was analyzed,and its antioxidant,antimicrobial,and cytotoxic activities were evaluated.FLLO was extracted using supercritical CO_(2) extraction,and response surface methodology was applied to optimize the extraction parameters:pressure of 16 MPa,temperature of 40℃,and extraction time of 40 min.The main components of the essential oil were identified through GC-MS analysis.Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH and ABTS assays,demonstrating that FLLO exhibited strong antioxidant properties,with a DPPH radical scavenging rate exceeding 80%.In antimicrobial tests,FLLO exhibited significant inhibitory effects on both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria at concentrations greater than 25 mg/mL.Additionally,cytotoxicity assays revealed that FLLO enhanced the proliferation of LO2 cells.In conclusion,FLLO,extracted using supercritical CO_(2),demonstrates excellent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties,as well as favorable cell safety,supporting its potential for further development and application of Ligustrum lucidum.
基金This work was supported by the grants from National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82174334)2022 Postgraduate Innovation Research Projects in Hainan Province(No.Qhys2022-273).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Alpiniae oxyphyllae Fructus(AOF)on renal lipid deposition in diabetic kidney disease(DKD)and elucidate its molecular mechanisms.Methods:The mechanism of AOF in treating DKD was explored by network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation.The effects of AOF on renal function and lipid deposition were assessed in a mouse model of DKD and high glucose-stressed HK-2 cells.Cell viability and lipid accumulation were detected by CCK8 and oil red O staining.The expressions of PPARαand fatty acid oxidation-related genes(ACOX1 and CPT1A)were detected by quantitative RT-PCR,Western blot,and immunofluorescence.Furthermore,PPARαknockdown was performed to examine the molecular mechanism of AOF in treating DKD.Results:Network pharmacological enrichment analysis,molecular docking,and molecular dynamics simulation showed that the active compounds in AOF targeted PPARαand thus transcriptionally regulated ACOX1 and CPT1A.AOF lowered blood glucose,improved dyslipidemia,and attenuated renal injury in DKD mice.AOF-containing serum accentuated high glucose-induced decrease in cell viability and ameliorated lipid accumulation.Additionally,it significantly upregulated the expression of PPARα,ACOX1,and CPT1A in both in vivo and in vitro experiments,which was reversed by PPARαknockdown.Conclusions:AOF may promote fatty acid oxidation via PPARαto ameliorate renal lipid deposition in DKD.
基金supported by the Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine Special Fund of Shaanxi Province(2021-QYZL-01,2021-QYZL-03)Special Funding for Basic Research Operating Expenses of the Central Universities(GK202205001,GK202205010)Hebei Province Innovation Capacity Enhancement Program Project(225A2501D).
文摘As one of the most common metabolic diseases,type 2 diabetes(T2D)has become a public health concern with rising global prevalence.Corni fructus(CF),a traditional Chinese herb utilized for centuries as homologous medicinal and food resources,has been widely used to treat glucose and lipid metabolism disorders.However,as a core active ingredient of CF,whether and how morroniside(MOR)improves T2D is still unclear.This study aimed to explore the pathways by which MOR ameliorates T2D in mice induced by high-fat diet(HFD)and low-dose streptozotocin through 16S rRNA gene sequencing.We found that MOR treatment significantly ameliorated body weight loss,hyperglycemia,hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance in T2D mice.In addition,MOR remarkably improved inflammation-and oxidative stress-driven hepatic and pancreatic injuries in the model mice.Mechanistically,MOR rehabilitated the dysregulated diversity and constitution of the gut microbiota in T2D mice,with significant changes in relative abundance in genus such as Lactobacillus,Lachnospiraceae_NK4A136_group,and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-006 which are believed to be highly correlated with serum parameters and insulin resistance in mice with T2D.Therefore,we infer that MOR improves T2D at least partially by maintaining the host microbiota homeostasis,and MOR may be a promising candidate for T2D treatment.
文摘This study reviews the hepatotoxic chemicals,mechanisms of toxicity,and detoxification methods of Toosendan Fructus(TF).Limonin-type triterpenoids,as primary hepatotoxic components,mediate toxicity though inflammation,oxidative stress,mitochondrial dysfunction,ferroptosis,and apoptosis.Hepatotoxicity can be mitigated by controlling dosage,using processed forms of the herbs,and through rational herbal compatibility.The review provides insights for enhancing the safety and clinical application of TF.
文摘Diaphragma juglandis(D.juglandis)Fructus is a brownish lamellar structure located between walnut kernels.As a traditional Chinese herbal medicine,it exhibits therapeutic effects including spleen-strengthening,kidney consolidation,astringency,diuresis,and heat-clearing.In this study,the polyphenolic constituents of D.juglandis and its functional instant tea were investigated in this study.Three polyphenolic compounds were isolated from 70%ethanol extract of D.juglandis Fructus as 2-methoxy juglone,regiolone and quercetin.The HPLC method was established for determination of the content of quercetin in the instant tea samples under the premise that the methodology was verifi ed to meet the standard requirements.The preparation process of D.juglandis Fructus instant tea was optimized through single factor experiments and Box-Behnken design-response surface methodology and the optimal conditions were determined as follows:feed rate of 10 mL/min,inlet temperature of 151℃,andβ-cyclodextrin addition of 9%.Then the antioxidant activity of each sample was evaluated using DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays.The results showed that the quercetin had significant antioxidant activity.The instant tea group demonstrated superior antioxidant effects compared to the extracts group at 50,200,and 800μg/mL(P<0.001),likely due to the optimized spray-drying process,which might have enhanced the solubility,stability,and bioavailability of the active compounds.The results provided critical foundational data for the deep processing and comprehensive utilization of D.juglandis Fructus.
基金Supported by Xuzhou Science and Technology Planning Project(KC22059)Qinglan Project Foundation of Jiangsu ProvinceHigh Level Talent Project of XZCIT(XGY2021EG08).
文摘Trichosanthis Fructus(Gualou)is the dried ripe fruit of Trichosanthes kirilowii Maxim.or Trichosanthes rosthornii Harms(Cucurbitaceae family).It demonstrates significant therapeutic effects in treating coronary heart disease and diabetes mellitus,while also possessing anti-cancer and anti-aging properties.Both Trichosanthis Pericarpium(Gualoupi)and Trichosanthis Semen(Gualouzi)are used medicinally.With the increasing clinical application of Trichosanthes medicinal materials and their preparations(such as Gualou Injection and Gualou Tablets),the demand for them is expected to grow substantially.To further investigate Trichosanthis Fructus,explore its medicinal effects and new applications,and promote the development of Trichosanthis Fructus-based products,this paper reviewed the chemical components of Trichosanthis Fructus.Furthermore,the differences in major chemical components among Trichosanthis Fructus,Trichosanthis Pericarpium and Trichosanthis Semen were compared,providing a scientific basis for establishing quality evaluation standards of Trichosanthes medicinal materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.30873438/c190801).
文摘Fructus corni is the dried sarcocarp of Cornus officinalis Sieb.et Zucc.It has been used as an important traditional Chinese medicine.Its action is to protect liver and kidney and regulate the essence of human body.In this paper,the research progress on the chemical ingredients and pharmacological activities of Fructus corni are reviewed.According to its pharmacological activities,some suggestions for future research and development have been made.
基金973 Project-Medical Characteristics of Orthodox Herbs(Grant No.2006CB504707)
文摘For the first time, we have utilized high-performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） to simultaneously quantify the eugenol and bancroffione in Caryophylli Fructus. The optimized parameters included： Inertsil ODS-4 column （150 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm）; column temperature： 35 ℃; mobile phase： methanol water （65：35, v/v）; flow rate： 1.0 mL/min; detection wavelength： 280 nm. Eugenol and bancroftione showed good linear relationships with peak areas within the range of （0.0998 0.8982） mg/mL （r = 0.9999） and （0.1474-1.3266） mg/mL （r = 0.9999）, respectively. The average recoveries were 102.52% and 100.96% for eugenol and bancroftione, respectively. Our results showed that the established method is simple, rapid, and accurate with good reproducibility to evaluate the quality of Caryophylli Fructus.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81473506Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LY13H030011State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province,No.2013ZB050
文摘AIM: To examine the effect of aqueous fructus aurantii immaturus(FAI) extracts on the intestinal plexus of cathartic colons.METHODS: Cathartic colons were induced in rats with dahuang,a laxative used in traditional Chinese medicine. Once the model was established(after approximately 12 wk),rats were administered mosapride(1.54 mg/kg) or various doses of aqueous FAI extracts(1-4 g/kg) for 14 d. Transit function was assessed using an ink propulsion test. Rats were then sacrificed,and the ultramicrostructure of colonic tissue was examined using transmission electron microscopy. The expression of the 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4(5-HTR4) and neurofilament-H was assessed in colon tissues using real-time PCR,Western blot,and immunohistochemistry.RESULTS: Mosapride and high dose(4 g/kg) of aqueous FAI extracts significantly improved the bowel movement in cathartic colons compared to untreated model colons as measured by the intestinal transit rate(70.06 ± 7.25 and 72.02 ± 8.74,respectively,vs 64.12 ± 5.19; P < 0.05 for both). Compared to controls,the ultramicrostructure of cathartic colons showed signsof neural degeneration. Treatment with mosapride and aqueous FAI extracts resulted in recovery of ultrastructural pathology. Treatment with mosapride alone upregulated the gene and protein expression of 5-HTR4 compared to untreated controls(P < 0.05 for both). Treatment with aqueous FAI extracts(≥ 2 g/kg) increased 5-HTR4 m RNA levels(P < 0.05),but no change in protein level was observed by Western blot or immunohistochemistry. The m RNA and protein levels of neurofilament-H were significantly increased with mosapride and ≥ 2 g/kg aqueous FAI extracts compared to controls(P < 0.05 for all).CONCLUSION: Aqueous FAI extracts and mosapride strengthen bowel movement in cathartic colons via increasing the expression of 5-HTR4 and neurofilament-H.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21067004)Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Jiangxi University of Science and Technology(22020)
文摘Objective It is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae. Methods The key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L9（3）4], including the ratio of buffer solution （Na2B4O7· 10H2O） to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample. Results The maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 （mg/g） after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na2B4O7 · 10H2O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 （g/mL）, and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCI-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts. Conclusion This work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.
基金supported by the the National Key Research and Development Program, Specialized Research on Modernization of TCM (Nos. 2018YFC1708006 and 2018YFC1708003)National Major New Drug Creation Special Project “National Drug New Varieties Research and Development and Its Key Innovative Technology Topics” (No. 2017ZX09301060-005)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 81320108029)Tianshan Cedar Plan (No. 2018XS21)National “Major Scientific and Technological Special Project for Significant New Drugs Creation” Project (No. 2015ZX09501004-002-004)Specific Fund for Pub-lic Interest Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Finance of China (No. 201507004-002)。
文摘Fructus Psoraleae,which is commonly consumed for the treatment of osteoporosis,bone fracture,and leucoderma,induces liver injury.This study investigated the pathogenesis of the ethanol extract of Fructus Psoraleae(EEFP)-induced liver injury in rats.EEFP(1.35,1.80,and 2.25 g·kg^–1)was administrated to Sprague Dawley(SD)rats for 30 d.We measured liver chemistries,histopathology,and quantitative isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation(iTRAQ)-based protein profiling.EEFP demonstrated parameters suggestive of liver injury with changes in bile secretion,bile flow rate,and liver histopathology.iTRAQ analysis showed that a total of 4042 proteins were expressed in liver tissues of EEFP-treated and untreated rats.Among these proteins,81 were upregulated and 32 were downregulated in the treatment group.KEGG pathway analysis showed that the drug metabolic pathways of cytochrome P450,glutathione metabolism,glycerolipid metabolism,and bile secretion were enriched with differentially expressed proteins.The expression of key proteins related to the farnesoid X receptor(FXR),i.e.,the peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor alpha(PPAR-α),were downregulated,and multidrug resistance-associated protein 3(MRP3)was upregulated in the EEFP-treated rats.Our results provide evidence that EEFP may induce hepatotoxicity through various pathways.Furthermore,our study demonstrates changes in protein regulation using iTRAQ quantitative proteomics analysis.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos.2017YFC1700200,2017YFC1702000)NSF of China (Nos.81922070, 81973286, 81973393, 81773687)+4 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province (No.20180530025)Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader (No. 18XD1403600)Shuguang Program (No. 18SG40) supported by Shanghai Education Development Foundation and Shanghai Municipal Education CommissionInnovative Entrepreneurship Program of High-level Talents in Dalian (No. 2017RQ121)Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship from Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (No. 2017101419803010904)。
文摘Pancreatic lipase(PL), a crucial enzyme in the digestive system of mammals, has been proven as a therapeutic target to prevent and treat obesity. The purpose of this study is to evaluate and characterize the PL inhibition activities of the major constituents from Fructus Psoraleae(FP), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs with lipid-lowering activity. To this end, a total of eleven major constituents isolated from Fructus Psoraleae have been obtained and their inhibition potentials against PL have been assayed by a fluorescence-based assay. Among all tested compounds, isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A displayed strong inhibition on PL(IC50 < 10 μmol·L-1). Inhibition kinetic analyses demonstrated that isobavachalcone, bavachalcone and corylifol A acted as mixed inhibitors against PL-mediated 4-methylumbelliferyl oleate(4-MUO) hydrolysis, with the Ki values of 1.61, 3.77 and 10.16μmol·L-1, respectively. Furthermore, docking simulations indicated that two chalcones(isobavachalcone and bavachalcone) could interact with the key residues located in the catalytic cavity of PL via hydrogen binding and hydrophobic interactions. Collectively, these finding provided solid evidence to support that Fructus Psoraleae contained bioactive compounds with lipid-lowering effects via targeting PL, and also suggested that the chalcones in Fructus Psoraleae could be used as ideal leading compounds to develop novel PL inhibitors.
基金supported by the NSF of China(Nos.81922070,81973286,81773687)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2017YFC1700200,2017YFC1702000)+3 种基金Program of Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader(No.18XD1403600)Shuguang Program(No.18SG40)Program for applied basic research of Qinghai Provincial Science and Technology Department(No.2017-ZJ-713)Program for Innovative Leading Talents of Qinghai Province(2018&2019)
文摘Psoraleae Fructus(the dried fruits of Psoralea corylifolia), one of the most frequently used Chinese herbs in Asian countries, has a variety of biological activities. In clinical settings, Psoraleae Fructus or Psoraleae Fructus-related herbal medicines frequently have been used in combination with a number of therapeutic drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as leukoderma, rheumatism and dysentery. The use of Psoraleae Fructus in combination with drugs has aroused concern of the potential risks of herb-drug interactions(HDI) or herb-endobiotic interactions(HEI). This article reviews the interactions between human drug-metabolizing enzymes and the constituents of Psoraleae Fructus;the major constituents in Psoraleae Fructus, along with their chemical structures and metabolic pathways are summarized, and the inhibitory and inductive effects of the constituents in Psoraleae Fructus on human drug-metabolizing enzymes(DMEs), including target enzyme(s), its modulatory potency, and mechanisms of action are presented. Collectively, this review summarizes current knowledge of the interactions between the Chinese herb Psoraleae Fructus and therapeutic drugs in an effort to facilitate its rational use in clinical settings, and especially to avoid the potential risks of HDI or HEI through human DMEs.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2011135)Found Project for Transformation of Scientific and Technological Achievements of Jiangsu Province(No.BZ2011053)+1 种基金Open Project of National First Class Key Discipline for Science of Chinese Materia Medica,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine(No.2011ZYX2-013)Scientific Innovation Research of University Graduate of Jiangsu Province(CXZZ130626)
文摘The present study was designed to optimize the processing of Fructus Arctii by response surface methodology （RSM）. Based on single factor studies, a three-variable, three-level Box-Behnken design （BBD） was used to monitor the effects of independent variables, including processing temperature and time, on the dependent variables. Response surfaces and contour plots of the contents of total lignans, chlorogenic acid, arctiin, and aretigenin were obtained through ultraviolet and visible （UV-Vis） monitoring and high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC）. Fructus Arctii should be processed under heating in a pot at 311℃, medicine at 119℃ for 123s with flipping frequently. The experimental values under the optimized processing technology were consistent with the predicted values. In conclusion, RSM is an effective method to optimize the processing of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）.
基金supported by Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resources Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine(No.2010JZ-W-01)Ministry of Education,PRC,and National Key Technology R&D Program“New Drug Innovation”of China(Nos.2009ZX09308-004,2013ZX09103002-006)
文摘Four prenylated flavonoids compounds 1-4,named sinopodophyllines A-D,and a flavonoid glycoside(compound 13),sinopodophylliside A,together with 19 known compounds(compounds 5-12 and 14-24) were isolated from the fruits of Sinopodophyllum hexandrum.The structures of new compounds were elucidated by extensive spectroscopic analysis,including HRESIMS,1D and 2D NMR.Compounds 1-6,9-11,and 14-17 were tested for their cytotoxicity against human breast-cancer T47 D,MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in vitro,and compounds 2,5,6,10 and 11 showed significant cytotoxicity(IC50 values < 10 μmol·L^(-1))against T47 D cells.
基金supported by the Major Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.82192910 and 82192911).
文摘Psoraleae Fructus(PF)is an important traditional herbal medicine with a long history of clinical application.It is widely used to treat various diseases,such as osteoporosis,leucoderma and diarrhea.As a traditional nontoxic herb,it has aroused worldwide concern about the potential risks due to increasing adverse reaction events.This article reviews the botany,ancient records of medical uses,adverse reactions,toxicological research advance and detoxification methods of PF.According to clinical studies,liver injury is the most predominant in PF-related adverse reactions.The underlying mechanisms include bile acid metabolism and transport disorders,oxidative stress,mitochondrial damage,inhibition of liver cell regeneration and inflammatory reactions.Furthermore,the potential toxins of PF are summarized.Traditional methods of processing and compatibility will provide reference for reducing the toxicity of PF,which requires further research.In sum,this work systematically summarizes the reserach progress on the safety of PF,which will provide comprehensive insights into the toxicity of PF and facilitate its safe use and future development.
文摘A simple,rapid and sensitive liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）method was developed for the determination of salidroside in rat plasma and study of its pharmacokinetics after oral administration of suspension of Erzhi Wan and Fructus Ligustri lucidi into Wistar rats.Plasma sample of 200 μL was extracted with acetic ether-isopropanol（2∶1）and the extraction was performed on a Kromasil C18 column（150 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm）with the mobile phase of methanol-water（41∶59,v/v）within a run time of 6.0 min.The analyte was monitored with positive electrospray ionization（ESI）by selected ion monitoring（SIM）mode.The target ions were m/z 323.05 for salidroside and m/z 411.05 for internal standard（IS）geniposide.A good linear relationship was obtained over the range of 5.0-500.0 ng/mL and the lower limit of quantification was 5.0 ng/mL.The validated method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic study of salidroside in rat plasma after oral administration of suspension of Erzhi Wan and Fructus Ligustri lucidi.
基金supported by the Key Project at Central Government Level(2060302)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32172897)。
文摘Background Liver fibrosis and hepatocellular carcinogenesis secondary to liver fibrosis are serious liver diseases with no effective treatments.Mori fructus aqueous extracts(MFAEs)have served as successful treatments for many types of liver injury including fibrosis although the molecular mechanisms are unknown at present.Purpose To investigate the effect of MFAEs in alleviating acute and chronic liver injury and tried to decipher the underlying mechanism.Methods and results Mice were divided into 5 groups(n ps:contro=8)for acute(groups:control,0.3%CCl_(4),bifendate(BD),100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,7 d)and chronic(groul,10%CCl_(4),BD,100 and 200 mg/kg MFAEs,4 weeks)liver injury study.Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 10μL/g corn oil containing CCl_(4)expect the control group.HepG2 cells were used in vitro study.Eighteen communal components were identified by UPLC-LTQOrbitrap-MS.We utilized a mouse model for acute and chronic liver injury using CCl_(4)and MFAEs administration effectively blocked fibrosis and significantly inhibited inflammation in the liver.MFAEs activated the nuclear factor erythroid derived 2 like 2/heme oxygenase 1(Nrf2/HO-1)pathway and promoted the synthesis of the antioxidants glutathione(GSH),superoxidedismutase(SOD)and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px)that resulted in reduced levels of CCl_(4)-induced oxidative stress molecules including reactive oxygen species.These extracts administered to mice also inhibited ferroptosis in the liver by regulating the expression of Acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4(ACSL4),solute carrier family 7 member 11(SLC7A11)and glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4),thus reducing the occurrence of liver fibrosis.Both in vivo and in vitro tests indicated that the mechanism of MFAEs protection against liver fibrosis was linked to activation of Nrf2 signaling.These effects were blocked in vitro by the addition of a specific Nrf2 inhibitor.Conclusion MFAEs inhibited oxidative stress,ferroptosis and inflammation of the liver by activating Nrf2 signal pathway and provided a significant protective effect against CCl_(4)-induced liver fibrosis.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No. 30973779
文摘This study investigated the effects and possible targets of Fructus Broussonetiae extract, a traditional Chinese medicinal herb, on a model of Alzheimer＇s disease induced by beta-amyloid peptide 25 35 and D-galactose. The results revealed that intragastric administration of Fructus Broussonetiae significantly increased the expression of immunoglobulin-binding protein, a key factor in the endoplasmic reticulum stress-signaling pathway in rat hippocampus. In contrast, the treatment significantly decreased expression levels of PKR-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase and C/EBP homologous protein, and substantially improved learning, memory and spatial recognition dysfunction in rats. This evidence indicates that Fructus Broussonetiae extract improves spatial learning and memory abilities in rats by affecting the regulation of hippocampal endoplasmic reticulum stress and activation of the apoptosis pathway.
