The problem of soft-input so,output （ SISO ） detection for time-varying frequency-selec- tive fading channels is considered. Based on a suitably-designed factor graph and the sum-product al- gorithm, a low-complexit...The problem of soft-input so,output （ SISO ） detection for time-varying frequency-selec- tive fading channels is considered. Based on a suitably-designed factor graph and the sum-product al- gorithm, a low-complexity iterative message passing scheme is proposed for joint channel estima- tion, equalization and decoding. Two kinds of schedules （parallel and serial） are adopted in message updates to produce two algorithms with different latency. The computational complexity per iteration of the proposed algorithms grows only linearly with the channel length, which is a significantly de- crease compared to the optimal maximum a posteriori （MAP） detection with the exponential com- plexity. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of bit error rate performance.展开更多
To improve the performance of space-time coding over downlink frequency-selective correlated fading channels, a novel transmission scheme combining eigenbeamfoming and OFDM is proposed. Provided that the channel corre...To improve the performance of space-time coding over downlink frequency-selective correlated fading channels, a novel transmission scheme combining eigenbeamfoming and OFDM is proposed. Provided that the channel correlated statistics are available at the transmitter, the wideband correlated fading channels can be converted into an independent FIR channel with 2 transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas by eigenbeamforming and dimension reduction. OFDM is utilized to convert the FIR channel into a group of independent parallel subchanneis to carry space-time codes. With the new structure, the performance of space-time coding over downlink wideband correlated fading channels is greatly improved and the system complexity is reduced. Validity of the proposed system is verified by simulations under different conditions. Comparison between the new structure and an available structure is made both theoretically and computationslly.展开更多
The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity comm...The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity communication systems,an integrated framework has been established to analyze the theoretical error performance of polar codes in correlated block fading channels.First,the upper bound on error probabil-ity of polarized channels is derived based on split po-lar spectrum,which is fully determined by covariance channel matrix as well as the block-wise weight distri-bution of the corresponding polar subcode.Further,to facilitate practical implementations,we design a con-struction metric named polarized correlation weight(PCW)to generate polar codes in correlated block fad-ing channels.Finally,simulation results on block error rate indicate that the proposed metric can exhibit both diversity gain and coding gain compared to the con-ventional methods under successive cancellation de-coding.展开更多
This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estima...This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estimation schemes.Specifically,each access point(AP)first uses embedded pilots to estimate the channels of all users based on minimum mean-squared error(MMSE)estimation.Given the high computational cost of MMSE estimation,the low-complexity element-wise MMSE(EW-MMSE)channel estimator and the least-squares(LS)channel estimator without prior statistical information are also analyzed.To reduce non-coherent and coherent interference during uplink payload data transmission,simple centralized decoding(SCD)and large-scale fading decoding(LSFD)are examined.Then,the closedform expressions for uplink spectral efficiency(SE)using MMSE,EW-MMSE,and LS estimators are developed for maximum ratio(MR)combining under LSFD,where each AP may have any number of antennas.The sum SE maximization problem with uplink power control is formulated.Since the maximization problem is non-convex and challenging,a block coordinate descent approach based on the weighted MMSE method is used to get the optimal local solution.Numerical studies demonstrate that LSFD and efficient uplink power control can considerably increase SE in distributed CF m MIMO networks.展开更多
In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor...In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor F distribution.Specifically,we consider a RIS with N reflecting elements between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver to develop a smart environment and also meliorate secure communications.In this regard,we derive the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and average secrecy capacity(ASC).We also analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the SOP and ASC by exploiting the residue approach.Monte-Carlo(MC)simulation results are provided throughout to validate the correctness of the developed analytical results,showing that considering RIS in wireless communication systems has constructive effects on the secrecy performance.展开更多
As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next...As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next-generation (NextG) broadband mobile wireless multimedia communications. The symbols detection problem of the V-BLAST OFDM system is investigated under the frequency-selective fading environment. The joint space-frequency demultiplexing operation is proposed in the V-BLAST OFDM system. Successively, one novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme for the V-BLAST OFDM system is proposed. By elegantly exploiting the above rotational invariance property, we derive one direct symbols detection scheme without knowing channels state information (CSI) for the frequency-selective V-BLAST OFDM system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the validity of the novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme and the performance of the direct symbols detection scheme.展开更多
This paper uses a Computer Simulation Technology microwave studio to simulate the performance of a new highdirectivity anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna loaded with a frequency-selective surface. Frequency-sel...This paper uses a Computer Simulation Technology microwave studio to simulate the performance of a new highdirectivity anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna loaded with a frequency-selective surface. Frequency-selective surface with cross-dipole element has a great effect on the directivity, radiation pattern, and gain of such an antenna. The experimental results show that frequency-selective surface （FSS） significantly improve the radiation performance of anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna. For example, as a single anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna, half power beam width is 4 degrees in the H planes, and the gain of this antenna is 19.5dBi at 10CHz, achieving a 2.1 degree increment in half power beam width, and a 7.3 dB gain increment by loading with the FSS reflector. The simulating results are consistent with our experimental results.展开更多
We consider an image semantic communication system in a time-varying fading Gaussian MIMO channel,with a finite number of channel states.A deep learning-aided broadcast approach scheme is proposed to benefit the adapt...We consider an image semantic communication system in a time-varying fading Gaussian MIMO channel,with a finite number of channel states.A deep learning-aided broadcast approach scheme is proposed to benefit the adaptive semantic transmission in terms of different channel states.We combine the classic broadcast approach with the image transformer to implement this adaptive joint source and channel coding(JSCC)scheme.Specifically,we utilize the neural network(NN)to jointly optimize the hierarchical image compression and superposition code mapping within this scheme.The learned transformers and codebooks allow recovering of the image with an adaptive quality and low error rate at the receiver side,in each channel state.The simulation results exhibit our proposed scheme can dynamically adapt the coding to the current channel state and outperform some existing intelligent schemes with the fixed coding block.展开更多
Double-screen frequency-selective surfaces （FSSs） can bring about a better flattened effect and a rapidly declining edge. They are therefore an effective means to achieve outer-zone stealth of the radar cabin to det...Double-screen frequency-selective surfaces （FSSs） can bring about a better flattened effect and a rapidly declining edge. They are therefore an effective means to achieve outer-zone stealth of the radar cabin to detect radar waves. In this article, a double-screen wide-bandpass FSS structure is designed and the transmission characteristics of the units under alignment and non-alignment are simulated by means of the spectral domain approach. Meanwhile, the experimental parts fabricated by vacuum evaporation and lithography are tested in a microwave chamber. Tile results show that the aligned unit structure has good incident angle stability and can achieve high transmittance when the bandwidth is 3.3 GHz, and the transmission loss is less than -1 dB. When the units have a non-aligned structure, the bandwidth decreases and transmission loss increases with increasing incident angle.展开更多
An experimental double-layer active frequency-selective surface（AFSS） for stealth radome is proposed. The AFSS is a planar structure which is composed of a fixed frequency-selective surface（FSS）, a PIN diodes arra...An experimental double-layer active frequency-selective surface（AFSS） for stealth radome is proposed. The AFSS is a planar structure which is composed of a fixed frequency-selective surface（FSS）, a PIN diodes array, and a DC bias network. The AFSS elements incorporating switchable PIN diodes are discussed. By means of controlling the DC bias network, it is possible to switch the frequency response for reflecting and transmitting. Measured and simulated data validate that when the incidence angle varies from 0°to 30° the AFSS produces more than-11.5 dB isolation across6–18 GHz when forward biased. The insertion loss（IL） is less than 0.5 dB across 10–11 GHz when reverse biased.展开更多
This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state...This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state information(CSI).Based on reasonable assumptions and approximations,we derive the effective capacity as a function of the pilot length,decoding error probability,transmit power and the sub-channel number.Then we reveal significant impact of the above parameters on the effective capacity.A closed-form lower bound of the effective capacity is derived and an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal pilot length and decoding error probability.Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that the closedform lower bound is very tight.In addition,through the simulations of the optimized effective capacity,insights for pilot length and decoding error probability optimization are provided to evaluate the optimal parameters in realistic systems.展开更多
We consider the problem of energy efficiency aware dynamic adaptation of data transmission rate and transmission power of the users in carrier sensing based Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs)in the presence of path l...We consider the problem of energy efficiency aware dynamic adaptation of data transmission rate and transmission power of the users in carrier sensing based Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs)in the presence of path loss,Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing.For a data packet transmission,we formulate an optimization problem,solve the problem,and propose a rate and transmission power adaptation scheme with a restriction methodology of data packet transmission for achieving the optimal energy efficiency.In the restriction methodology of data packet transmission,a user does not transmit a data packet if the instantaneous channel gain of the user is lower than a threshold.To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme,we develop analytical models for computing the throughput and energy efficiency of WLANs under the proposed scheme considering a saturation traffic condition.We then validate the analytical models via simulation.We find that the proposed scheme provides better throughput and energy efficiency with acceptable throughput fairness if the restriction methodology of data packet transmission is included.By means of the analytical models and simulations,we demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides significantly higher throughput,energy efficiency and fairness index than a traditional non-adaptive scheme and an existing most relevant adaptive scheme.Throughput and energy efficiency gains obtained by the proposed scheme with respect to the existing adapting scheme are about 75%and 103%,respectively,for a fairness index of 0.8.We also study the effect of various system parameters on throughput and energy efficiency and provide various engineering insights.展开更多
The new generation of communication systems is moving towards using a millimeter-wave spectrum.Since the shadowing effects are undeniable in this type of propagation,the proposed Generalized Fisher(GF)distribution can...The new generation of communication systems is moving towards using a millimeter-wave spectrum.Since the shadowing effects are undeniable in this type of propagation,the proposed Generalized Fisher(GF)distribution can be useful in modeling shadowed fading channels,considering the non-linearity and the multi-cluster nature of the diffusion medium.After introducing the model,its main statistics,including Probability Density Function(PDF),Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF),Moment Generating Function(MGF),and the distribution of the sum of an arbitrary number of independent and non-identically distributed(i.n.i.d.)random variables with GF distribution are calculated.Subsequently,some wireless communication application criteria such as ergodic and outage capacities,are computed.Finally,considering the classic Wyner's wiretap model and passive eavesdropping scenario,specific security criteria,such as the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability,are also determined.These expressions are measured in terms of either univariate or multivariate Fox's H-function.展开更多
为提高OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统通信衰落信道估计性能,提出一种基于深度神经网络的信道估计模型DeReNet。通过串联深度密集网络和深度残差网络,抑制网络训练中出现的梯度爆炸和消失问题。将该模型与LS(Lea...为提高OFDM(Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing)系统通信衰落信道估计性能,提出一种基于深度神经网络的信道估计模型DeReNet。通过串联深度密集网络和深度残差网络,抑制网络训练中出现的梯度爆炸和消失问题。将该模型与LS(Least Square)、FC-DNN(Full Connection Dense Neural Network)和SimNet(Simplified Deep Neural Networks)模型进行仿真实验对比,结果表明,在莱斯衰落环境下该模型的信道估计性能更好,能有效提高信道衰落的估计精度。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(61201181)Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education(20121101120020)the Co-innovation Laboratory of Aerospace Broadband Network Technology
文摘The problem of soft-input so,output （ SISO ） detection for time-varying frequency-selec- tive fading channels is considered. Based on a suitably-designed factor graph and the sum-product al- gorithm, a low-complexity iterative message passing scheme is proposed for joint channel estima- tion, equalization and decoding. Two kinds of schedules （parallel and serial） are adopted in message updates to produce two algorithms with different latency. The computational complexity per iteration of the proposed algorithms grows only linearly with the channel length, which is a significantly de- crease compared to the optimal maximum a posteriori （MAP） detection with the exponential com- plexity. Computer simulations demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed schemes in terms of bit error rate performance.
基金Project supported by National Natural Science Foundation ofChina (Grant No .60172028) ,Natural Science Foundation ofShanxi Province(Grant No .2004F45)
文摘To improve the performance of space-time coding over downlink frequency-selective correlated fading channels, a novel transmission scheme combining eigenbeamfoming and OFDM is proposed. Provided that the channel correlated statistics are available at the transmitter, the wideband correlated fading channels can be converted into an independent FIR channel with 2 transmitting antennas and N receiving antennas by eigenbeamforming and dimension reduction. OFDM is utilized to convert the FIR channel into a group of independent parallel subchanneis to carry space-time codes. With the new structure, the performance of space-time coding over downlink wideband correlated fading channels is greatly improved and the system complexity is reduced. Validity of the proposed system is verified by simulations under different conditions. Comparison between the new structure and an available structure is made both theoretically and computationslly.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62471054).
文摘The construction of polar codes in corre-lated block fading channels is still an open issue to be solved.In this paper,to explicitly reveal the impact of correlation on error performance of polar coded diver-sity communication systems,an integrated framework has been established to analyze the theoretical error performance of polar codes in correlated block fading channels.First,the upper bound on error probabil-ity of polarized channels is derived based on split po-lar spectrum,which is fully determined by covariance channel matrix as well as the block-wise weight distri-bution of the corresponding polar subcode.Further,to facilitate practical implementations,we design a con-struction metric named polarized correlation weight(PCW)to generate polar codes in correlated block fad-ing channels.Finally,simulation results on block error rate indicate that the proposed metric can exhibit both diversity gain and coding gain compared to the con-ventional methods under successive cancellation de-coding.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC No.62020106001)。
文摘This paper investigates the uplink spectral efficiency of distributed cell-free(CF)massive multiple-input multiple-output(mMIMO)networks with correlated Rayleigh fading channels based on three different channel estimation schemes.Specifically,each access point(AP)first uses embedded pilots to estimate the channels of all users based on minimum mean-squared error(MMSE)estimation.Given the high computational cost of MMSE estimation,the low-complexity element-wise MMSE(EW-MMSE)channel estimator and the least-squares(LS)channel estimator without prior statistical information are also analyzed.To reduce non-coherent and coherent interference during uplink payload data transmission,simple centralized decoding(SCD)and large-scale fading decoding(LSFD)are examined.Then,the closedform expressions for uplink spectral efficiency(SE)using MMSE,EW-MMSE,and LS estimators are developed for maximum ratio(MR)combining under LSFD,where each AP may have any number of antennas.The sum SE maximization problem with uplink power control is formulated.Since the maximization problem is non-convex and challenging,a block coordinate descent approach based on the weighted MMSE method is used to get the optimal local solution.Numerical studies demonstrate that LSFD and efficient uplink power control can considerably increase SE in distributed CF m MIMO networks.
基金supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2022 Research and Innovation Programme under Marie Skłodowska-Curie Grant No.10110799.
文摘In this paper,we investigate the performance of physical layer security(PLS)over reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS)-aided wireless communication systems,where all fading channels are modeled with Fisher-Snedecor F distribution.Specifically,we consider a RIS with N reflecting elements between the transmitter and the legitimate receiver to develop a smart environment and also meliorate secure communications.In this regard,we derive the closed-form expressions for the secrecy outage probability(SOP)and average secrecy capacity(ASC).We also analyze the asymptotic behaviour of the SOP and ASC by exploiting the residue approach.Monte-Carlo(MC)simulation results are provided throughout to validate the correctness of the developed analytical results,showing that considering RIS in wireless communication systems has constructive effects on the secrecy performance.
文摘As the combining form of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) technique and the vertical Bell Labs layered space-time (V-BLAST) architecture, the V-BLAST OFDM system can better meet the demand of next-generation (NextG) broadband mobile wireless multimedia communications. The symbols detection problem of the V-BLAST OFDM system is investigated under the frequency-selective fading environment. The joint space-frequency demultiplexing operation is proposed in the V-BLAST OFDM system. Successively, one novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme for the V-BLAST OFDM system is proposed. By elegantly exploiting the above rotational invariance property, we derive one direct symbols detection scheme without knowing channels state information (CSI) for the frequency-selective V-BLAST OFDM system. Extensive simulation results demonstrate the validity of the novel half-rate rotational invariance joint space-frequency coding scheme and the performance of the direct symbols detection scheme.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No 60371010)
文摘This paper uses a Computer Simulation Technology microwave studio to simulate the performance of a new highdirectivity anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna loaded with a frequency-selective surface. Frequency-selective surface with cross-dipole element has a great effect on the directivity, radiation pattern, and gain of such an antenna. The experimental results show that frequency-selective surface （FSS） significantly improve the radiation performance of anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna. For example, as a single anisotropic magnetic metamaterial antenna, half power beam width is 4 degrees in the H planes, and the gain of this antenna is 19.5dBi at 10CHz, achieving a 2.1 degree increment in half power beam width, and a 7.3 dB gain increment by loading with the FSS reflector. The simulating results are consistent with our experimental results.
基金supported in part by the National Key R&D Project of China under Grant 2020YFA0712300National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant NSFC-62231022,12031011supported in part by the NSF of China under Grant 62125108。
文摘We consider an image semantic communication system in a time-varying fading Gaussian MIMO channel,with a finite number of channel states.A deep learning-aided broadcast approach scheme is proposed to benefit the adaptive semantic transmission in terms of different channel states.We combine the classic broadcast approach with the image transformer to implement this adaptive joint source and channel coding(JSCC)scheme.Specifically,we utilize the neural network(NN)to jointly optimize the hierarchical image compression and superposition code mapping within this scheme.The learned transformers and codebooks allow recovering of the image with an adaptive quality and low error rate at the receiver side,in each channel state.The simulation results exhibit our proposed scheme can dynamically adapt the coding to the current channel state and outperform some existing intelligent schemes with the fixed coding block.
基金supported by the Doctoral Fund of the Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20092216120005)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41004042)
文摘Double-screen frequency-selective surfaces （FSSs） can bring about a better flattened effect and a rapidly declining edge. They are therefore an effective means to achieve outer-zone stealth of the radar cabin to detect radar waves. In this article, a double-screen wide-bandpass FSS structure is designed and the transmission characteristics of the units under alignment and non-alignment are simulated by means of the spectral domain approach. Meanwhile, the experimental parts fabricated by vacuum evaporation and lithography are tested in a microwave chamber. Tile results show that the aligned unit structure has good incident angle stability and can achieve high transmittance when the bandwidth is 3.3 GHz, and the transmission loss is less than -1 dB. When the units have a non-aligned structure, the bandwidth decreases and transmission loss increases with increasing incident angle.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Resarch Program of China(Grant No.2014CB339800)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11173015)
文摘An experimental double-layer active frequency-selective surface（AFSS） for stealth radome is proposed. The AFSS is a planar structure which is composed of a fixed frequency-selective surface（FSS）, a PIN diodes array, and a DC bias network. The AFSS elements incorporating switchable PIN diodes are discussed. By means of controlling the DC bias network, it is possible to switch the frequency response for reflecting and transmitting. Measured and simulated data validate that when the incidence angle varies from 0°to 30° the AFSS produces more than-11.5 dB isolation across6–18 GHz when forward biased. The insertion loss（IL） is less than 0.5 dB across 10–11 GHz when reverse biased.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under grant 61941106。
文摘This paper investigates the effective capacity of a point-to-point ultra-reliable low latency communication(URLLC)transmission over multiple parallel sub-channels at finite blocklength(FBL)with imperfect channel state information(CSI).Based on reasonable assumptions and approximations,we derive the effective capacity as a function of the pilot length,decoding error probability,transmit power and the sub-channel number.Then we reveal significant impact of the above parameters on the effective capacity.A closed-form lower bound of the effective capacity is derived and an alternating optimization based algorithm is proposed to find the optimal pilot length and decoding error probability.Simulation results validate our theoretical analysis and show that the closedform lower bound is very tight.In addition,through the simulations of the optimized effective capacity,insights for pilot length and decoding error probability optimization are provided to evaluate the optimal parameters in realistic systems.
文摘We consider the problem of energy efficiency aware dynamic adaptation of data transmission rate and transmission power of the users in carrier sensing based Wireless Local Area Networks(WLANs)in the presence of path loss,Rayleigh fading and log-normal shadowing.For a data packet transmission,we formulate an optimization problem,solve the problem,and propose a rate and transmission power adaptation scheme with a restriction methodology of data packet transmission for achieving the optimal energy efficiency.In the restriction methodology of data packet transmission,a user does not transmit a data packet if the instantaneous channel gain of the user is lower than a threshold.To evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme,we develop analytical models for computing the throughput and energy efficiency of WLANs under the proposed scheme considering a saturation traffic condition.We then validate the analytical models via simulation.We find that the proposed scheme provides better throughput and energy efficiency with acceptable throughput fairness if the restriction methodology of data packet transmission is included.By means of the analytical models and simulations,we demonstrate that the proposed scheme provides significantly higher throughput,energy efficiency and fairness index than a traditional non-adaptive scheme and an existing most relevant adaptive scheme.Throughput and energy efficiency gains obtained by the proposed scheme with respect to the existing adapting scheme are about 75%and 103%,respectively,for a fairness index of 0.8.We also study the effect of various system parameters on throughput and energy efficiency and provide various engineering insights.
文摘The new generation of communication systems is moving towards using a millimeter-wave spectrum.Since the shadowing effects are undeniable in this type of propagation,the proposed Generalized Fisher(GF)distribution can be useful in modeling shadowed fading channels,considering the non-linearity and the multi-cluster nature of the diffusion medium.After introducing the model,its main statistics,including Probability Density Function(PDF),Cumulative Distribution Function(CDF),Moment Generating Function(MGF),and the distribution of the sum of an arbitrary number of independent and non-identically distributed(i.n.i.d.)random variables with GF distribution are calculated.Subsequently,some wireless communication application criteria such as ergodic and outage capacities,are computed.Finally,considering the classic Wyner's wiretap model and passive eavesdropping scenario,specific security criteria,such as the probability of non-zero secrecy capacity and secrecy outage probability,are also determined.These expressions are measured in terms of either univariate or multivariate Fox's H-function.
