The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reser...The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO2 injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps： decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO2 injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO2 flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.展开更多
According to the Chapman multi-scale rock physical model, the seismic response characteristics vary for different fluid-saturated reservoirs. For class I AVO reservoirs and gas-saturation, the seismic response is a hi...According to the Chapman multi-scale rock physical model, the seismic response characteristics vary for different fluid-saturated reservoirs. For class I AVO reservoirs and gas-saturation, the seismic response is a high-frequency bright spot as the amplitude energy shifts. However, it is a low-frequency shadow for the Class III AVO reservoirs saturated with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we verified the high-frequency bright spot results of Chapman for the Class I AVO response using the frequency-dependent analysis of a physical model dataset. The physical model is designed as inter-bedded thin sand and shale based on real field geology parameters. We observed two datasets using fixed offset and 2D geometry with different fluid- saturated conditions. Spectral and time-frequency analyses methods are applied to the seismic datasets to describe the response characteristics for gas-, water-, and oil-saturation. The results of physical model dataset processing and analysis indicate that reflection wave tuning and fluid-related dispersion are the main seismic response characteristic mechanisms. Additionally, the gas saturation model can be distinguished from water and oil saturation for Class I AVO utilizing the frequency-dependent abnormal characteristic. The frequency-dependent characteristic analysis of the physical model dataset verified the different spectral response characteristics corresponding to the different fluid-saturated models. Therefore, by careful analysis of real field seismic data, we can obtain the abnormal spectral characteristics induced by the fluid variation and implement fluid detection using seismic data directly.展开更多
Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have bee...Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have been proposed,most of them focus on recognizing printed Urdu characters and digits.To the best of our knowledge,very little research has focused solely on Urdu pure handwriting recognition,and the results of such proposed methods are often inadequate.In this study,we introduce a novel approach to recognizing Urdu pure handwritten digits and characters using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).Our proposed method utilizes convolutional layers to extract important features from input images and classifies them using fully connected layers,enabling efficient and accurate detection of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.We implemented the proposed technique on a large publicly available dataset of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.The findings demonstrate that the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.30%and an F1 score of 88.6%,indicating its effectiveness in detecting and classifyingUrdu handwritten digits and characters.These results have far-reaching implications for various applications,including document analysis,text recognition,and language understanding,which have previously been unexplored in the context of Urdu handwriting data.This work lays a solid foundation for future research and development in Urdu language detection and processing,opening up new opportunities for advancement in this field.展开更多
The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a res...The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a result, limited data exist and O. daovantieni remains one of the least studied members of its genus. Based on a re-examination of the type series, analysis of newly collected topotypic specimens, and a review of museum collections, this study provides an updated and comprehensive morphological characterization of O. daovantieni including detailed descriptions of hemipenial morphology, revised diagnostic characters,phylogenetic positioning, and ecological insights.Based on morphological comparisons with congeners, we also define the informal Opisthotropis spenceri group to facilitate future taxonomic work. In addition, this study documents a previously unreported defensive behavior involving tail-poking,observed in the field and thus far unique within the genus Opisthotropis.展开更多
We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functi...We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.展开更多
Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three...Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.展开更多
[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide metabolic evidence for the analysis of the ecological and safety assessment of Pi-d2-transgenic rice.[Method] The main agronomic characters of Pi-d2-transgenic rice wer...[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide metabolic evidence for the analysis of the ecological and safety assessment of Pi-d2-transgenic rice.[Method] The main agronomic characters of Pi-d2-transgenic rice were observed in field experiment and the grain chemical characters and amino acid content were measured.[Results] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 resulted in stably hereditable variation in agronomic characteristics in the descents.Most of the transgenic lines grew normally and orderly.Compared with the control（wild type plants）,about half of transgenic plants showed an increased or reduced plant height.There was no observable difference between transgenic plants and controls in tiller number,length of panicle,panicles per plant,seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight.Total amino acid content in transgenic rice was reduced,while the starch content,GC and GT were not altered in comparison with the control.[Conclusion] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 has remarkable influence on plant height,while little on grain chemical characters.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research and analyze characters and related correlation of indica hybrid rice containing high amylose. [Method] In the research, major characters of 16 species of groups of {ndica hybrid ric...[Objective] The aim was to research and analyze characters and related correlation of indica hybrid rice containing high amylose. [Method] In the research, major characters of 16 species of groups of {ndica hybrid rice and the correlation were explored in rice belts in Sichuan in 2011. [Result] The variation of chalkiness degree was the highest at 26.8%, followed by rate of head rice at 22.89%; varia- tions of head rice rate and chalkiness degree were lower at 0.72% and 2.61%. In addition, rate of unpolished rice was of significantly negative correlation with chalki- ness degree; rate of chalky rice was of extremely positive correlation with chalkiness degree and gel consistency; chalkiness degree was of significantly positive correla- tion with gel consistency; gel consistency was of significantly negative correlation with protein content; amylose content was of insignificant correlation with gel consis- tency （r=0.166 9） of the 16 hybrid groups. These indicated that gel consistency would be still high as the content of amylose grows （AC≥25%）. For example, when the content of anylose in Chuanxiang 29A/Luhui 37, Kangfeng AJ6684, and Lefeng A/SR536 exceeded 27%, the gel consistency was over 80 mm in the research. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improvement of amylose content in breeding hybrid rice.展开更多
Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of ...Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.展开更多
A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amp...A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amplitude-versus-offset（AVO） method is not applicable. The frequency-dependent AVO method considers the dependency of the seismic amplitude to frequency and uses this dependency to obtain information regarding the fluids in the reservoir fractures. We propose an improved Bayesian inversion method based on the parameterization of the Chapman model. The proposed method is based on 1） inelastic attribute inversion by the FDAVO method and 2） Bayesian statistics for fluid identification. First, we invert the inelastic fracture parameters by formulating an error function, which is used to match observations and model data. Second, we identify fluid types by using a Markov random field a priori model considering data from various sources, such as prestack inversion and well logs. We consider the inelastic parameters to take advantage of the viscosity differences among the different fluids possible. Finally, we use the maximum posteriori probability for obtaining the best lithology/fluid identification results.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to study the variation of leaf characters from different provenance sources of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb,as well as to carry out cluster analysis on P.multiflorum from different provenance so...[Objective] The aim was to study the variation of leaf characters from different provenance sources of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb,as well as to carry out cluster analysis on P.multiflorum from different provenance sources to provide basis for the classification,identification,breeding and improved variety selection of P.multiflorum.[Method] Leaf shape characters of 31 copies of germplasm resources in the major distribution region of the whole country were determined,and the genetic variation of P.multiflorum leaves from different producing areas was analyzed.[Result] The leaf characters of single plant of the same experimental provenance source of P.multiflorum were relatively stable,the variation was mainly found on the single leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf width and other indicators;the variation of each leaf character among different provenance sources was obvious,and the variation was mainly found on the single leaf weight,leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf length and other indicators.The correlation analysis of each leaf character in P.multiflorum suggested that the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed extremely significant positive correlation with leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf thickness and leaf stem length,while the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed significant negative correlation with WWR（leaf width/1/2 leaf width）and LWR（leaf length/1/2 leaf length）,in addition,several macroscopic leaf characters such as leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf stem length showed extremely positive correlation.The main component analysis result suggested that the contribution rate of accumulation variance of the front three main components was up to 97.4%,which could better reflect the comprehensive performance of leaf characters of different provenance sources of P.multiflorum.The cluster analysis showed that the experimental 31 copies of P.multiflorum provenance sources should be divided into three classes,the first class was distributed in the Middle,Western of Guizhou,northwestern of Guangxi and western areas with higher altitude;the second class was distributed in Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Guangdong and the most area of Guangxi;the third class was distributed in Anhui,Jiangsu and Henan and Shandong.[Conclusion] Cluster analysis of leaf characters indicated that the kinds of provenance sources which the geographical position was closer could be got together.The study had provided a certain basis for the classification of P.multiflorum.展开更多
[Objective]The research aimed to test and identify the physicochemical characters and antiviral activity in vitro of semi-finished product of the recombinant porcine rPoIFN-α. [Method]HEp-2/VSV system was used to tes...[Objective]The research aimed to test and identify the physicochemical characters and antiviral activity in vitro of semi-finished product of the recombinant porcine rPoIFN-α. [Method]HEp-2/VSV system was used to test the antiviral activity of three batches of rPoIFN-α. Using recombinant human IFN-α as reference,the titer of interferon was measured. The semi-finished product of rPoIFN-α with the known titer were treated with 0.25% trypsin,HCl and mouse anti-porcine IFN-α monoclonal antibody. And the anti-viral activity of each batch of rPoIFN-α was detected. The physicochemical characters of rPoIFN-α were evaluated. The inhibition of induced cytopathic effect of rPoIFN-α on PPV （Porcine parvovirus） and PRV （Porcine pseudorabies） on swine kidney cell （PK-15） was determined. And the antiviral activity of rPoIFN-α in vitro was observed. [Result]The titers of semi-finished products of rPoIFN-α titrated by HEp-2/VSV system could reach 1.5×105 IU/ml,with the specific activity of 1.1×106 IU/mg. The residual rate of the tier of rPoIFN-α treated by 0.25% trypsin at 37 ℃ for 1 h was less than 1%. And that treated with HCl （pH of 2.0） for 72 h was up to 95%. And that treated at 56 ℃ for 30 min and that treated by mouse anti-porcine IFN-α monoclonal antibody at 37 ℃ for 1 h were higher than 47% and about 1% respectively. The antiviral test in vitro showed that 50 and 500 IU/ml rPoIFN-α could inhibit the induced cytopathic effect of PRV and PPV on PK-15 cell lines. [Conclusion]rPoIFN-α had the basic physicochemical characters of IFN-α. And it could inhibit the induced cytopathic effect of PRV and PPV on PK-15 cell lines,but there was dosage difference.展开更多
On the Loess Plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. Root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. Even-aged sta...On the Loess Plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. Root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. Even-aged stands ofRobinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. Investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. The results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root (?<3mm) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. Analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, β indicated that the value of β on northern exposition was more than 0.982, while the value of β on southern exposition was less than 0.982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth ofRobinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. And the distribution depth of fine roots (Φ<1mm) was deeper than that of thicker roots(Φ<3mm), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree. Keywords Root diameter classes - Variance analysis - Root extinction coefficient - Vertical distribution characters - Site conditions - Loess Plateau CLC number S792.27.01 Document code A Foundation Item: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371150 and 40371075).Biography: LI Peng (1974-) male, post: Ph. D. in Northwest Scientific & Technological University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China. Tel: 029-82312651.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihal展开更多
The effects of vermicompost on the agronomic characters and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that, the field growth periods of various treatments were 117-118 d, 1-2 days l...The effects of vermicompost on the agronomic characters and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that, the field growth periods of various treatments were 117-118 d, 1-2 days longer than that of the CK. The numbers of effective leaves of the treatments applied with vermicompost were 0.1-0.3 leaf more than the CK. The highest yield and the highest proportion of high-grade tobacco occurred in treatment 3 as 2 095.5 kg/m^2 and 49%, respectively, which were higher than those in the CK by 6.58 kg and 5.3%. In conclusion, the treatment with the application of vermicompost at 7 500-10 500 kg/hm^2 was the best.展开更多
In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, ...In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made us...[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made use of to study on effects of N fertilizer in different quantities （LN： 90 kg/hm2;MN： 180 kg/hm2;HN： 270 kg/hm2） on plumpness and grain-filling characters. [Result] When N fertilizers were excessive, for inferior grains, grain-filling rate decreased and grain-filling time extended, resulting in plumpness decline after degradation of leaves＇ function. When N fertilizers were inadequate, maximal and average grain-filling rates decreased and the differences between superior and inferior grains in grain-filling rate increased, leading to decline of grain＇s weight and plumpness degree. On the other hand, quantity of N fertilizers had little effect on superior grains in plumpness. [Conclusion] The research provided references for reasonable use of N fertilizer and improvement of rice yield and N use.展开更多
Using the data of wheat varieties with year-sown area of 6 666.7 hm^2 or more from 1982 to 2006 in China, the evolution of wheat varieties was studied from both supply and demand. Results showed that although various ...Using the data of wheat varieties with year-sown area of 6 666.7 hm^2 or more from 1982 to 2006 in China, the evolution of wheat varieties was studied from both supply and demand. Results showed that although various characters of wheat varieties grown by peasants in production were improved obviously in China, the demand for variety yield was still the main demand by peasants; there was no significant difference between the supply and demand of crude protein content by peasants; the demand for disease resistance has been lower than the supply recently; the demand for full growth stage at every stage was less than the supply; and while there was a larger demand for plant height by peasants.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to research economic characters of thirty-three Chinese rice cultivars in Angola.[Method] In the research,twenty-eight hybrid mid-indica rice cultivars and five conventional Japonica rice culti...[Objective] The aim was to research economic characters of thirty-three Chinese rice cultivars in Angola.[Method] In the research,twenty-eight hybrid mid-indica rice cultivars and five conventional Japonica rice cultivars were classified into three groups and then grown in Luanda to analyze adaptability,fertility and major economic characters of the rice in rainy season.[Result] The research showed that of twenty-eight hybrid mid-indica rice cultivars,ten cultivars were of better adaptability and fertility,which are suitable to be grown in Luanda in Angola;productive ear number,total grain per ear,thousand-seed weight and ratio of grain to straw of the rice cultivars performed normally,but the whole developmental period shortened and seedling setting rate improved significantly.In addition,hybrid indica Teyou 721,Quanxiangyou 512,II you 128 and 102S/4HZ021 were of fertility potential at 11.5 t/hm2,which were all proved excellent in related characters in rainy season in Luanda of Angola.For conventional mid-season rice indica cultivars,Wandao 51 and Huanghuazhan were of better adaptability and fertility.In contrast,5 Japonica rice cultivars were of poor adaptability.[Conclusion] The research provided technical references for Chinese rice growing in Angola.展开更多
基金supported by the Pilot Project of Sinopec(P14085)
文摘The phase velocity of seismic waves varies with the propagation frequency, and thus frequency-dependent phenomena appear when CO2 gas is injected into a reservoir. By dynamically considering these phenomena with reservoir conditions it is thus feasible to extract the frequency-dependent velocity factor with the aim of monitoring changes in the reservoir both before and after CO2 injection. In the paper, we derive a quantitative expression for the frequency-dependent factor based on the Robinson seismic convolution model. In addition, an inversion equation with a frequency-dependent velocity factor is constructed, and a procedure is implemented using the following four processing steps： decomposition of the spectrum by generalized S transform, wavelet extraction of cross-well seismic traces, spectrum equalization processing, and an extraction method for frequency-dependent velocity factor based on the damped least-square algorithm. An attenuation layered model is then established based on changes in the Q value of the viscoelastic medium, and spectra of migration profiles from forward modeling are obtained and analyzed. Frequency-dependent factors are extracted and compared, and the effectiveness of the method is then verified using a synthetic data. The frequency-dependent velocity factor is finally applied to target processing and oil displacement monitoring based on real seismic data obtained before and after CO2 injection in the G89 well block within Shengli oilfield. Profiles and slices of the frequency-dependent factor determine its ability to indicate differences in CO2 flooding, and the predicting results are highly consistent with those of practical investigations within the well block.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Major Project (No. 2011ZX05019-008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41074080)+1 种基金the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum, Beijing (No. KYJJ2012-05-11)supported by the CNPC international collaboration program through the Edinburgh Anisotropy Project (EAP) of the British Geological Survey (BGS) and the CNPC Key Geophysical Laboratory at the China University of Petroleum and CNPC geophysical prospecting projects for new method and technique research
文摘According to the Chapman multi-scale rock physical model, the seismic response characteristics vary for different fluid-saturated reservoirs. For class I AVO reservoirs and gas-saturation, the seismic response is a high-frequency bright spot as the amplitude energy shifts. However, it is a low-frequency shadow for the Class III AVO reservoirs saturated with hydrocarbons. In this paper, we verified the high-frequency bright spot results of Chapman for the Class I AVO response using the frequency-dependent analysis of a physical model dataset. The physical model is designed as inter-bedded thin sand and shale based on real field geology parameters. We observed two datasets using fixed offset and 2D geometry with different fluid- saturated conditions. Spectral and time-frequency analyses methods are applied to the seismic datasets to describe the response characteristics for gas-, water-, and oil-saturation. The results of physical model dataset processing and analysis indicate that reflection wave tuning and fluid-related dispersion are the main seismic response characteristic mechanisms. Additionally, the gas saturation model can be distinguished from water and oil saturation for Class I AVO utilizing the frequency-dependent abnormal characteristic. The frequency-dependent characteristic analysis of the physical model dataset verified the different spectral response characteristics corresponding to the different fluid-saturated models. Therefore, by careful analysis of real field seismic data, we can obtain the abnormal spectral characteristics induced by the fluid variation and implement fluid detection using seismic data directly.
文摘Urdu,a prominent subcontinental language,serves as a versatile means of communication.However,its handwritten expressions present challenges for optical character recognition(OCR).While various OCR techniques have been proposed,most of them focus on recognizing printed Urdu characters and digits.To the best of our knowledge,very little research has focused solely on Urdu pure handwriting recognition,and the results of such proposed methods are often inadequate.In this study,we introduce a novel approach to recognizing Urdu pure handwritten digits and characters using Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN).Our proposed method utilizes convolutional layers to extract important features from input images and classifies them using fully connected layers,enabling efficient and accurate detection of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.We implemented the proposed technique on a large publicly available dataset of Urdu handwritten digits and characters.The findings demonstrate that the CNN model achieves an accuracy of 98.30%and an F1 score of 88.6%,indicating its effectiveness in detecting and classifyingUrdu handwritten digits and characters.These results have far-reaching implications for various applications,including document analysis,text recognition,and language understanding,which have previously been unexplored in the context of Urdu handwriting data.This work lays a solid foundation for future research and development in Urdu language detection and processing,opening up new opportunities for advancement in this field.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32300370, 32200363)International Partnership Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (071GJHZ2023041MI),Biological Resources Programme, Chinese Academy of Sciences (KFJ-BRP-017-65, KFJ-BRP017-086, CAS-TAX-24-051, CAS-TAX-24-052)+2 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2023M743416)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province (No. 2023NSFSC1155)partially supported by the Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology (CT0000.03/25-27) to NTT。
文摘The Tien's Mountain Stream Snake,Opisthotropis daovantieni Orlov, Darevsky, and Murphy, 1998, has been represented solely by its type series, with no additional specimens reported in the past two decades. As a result, limited data exist and O. daovantieni remains one of the least studied members of its genus. Based on a re-examination of the type series, analysis of newly collected topotypic specimens, and a review of museum collections, this study provides an updated and comprehensive morphological characterization of O. daovantieni including detailed descriptions of hemipenial morphology, revised diagnostic characters,phylogenetic positioning, and ecological insights.Based on morphological comparisons with congeners, we also define the informal Opisthotropis spenceri group to facilitate future taxonomic work. In addition, this study documents a previously unreported defensive behavior involving tail-poking,observed in the field and thus far unique within the genus Opisthotropis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12461048 and 12061051)the Natural Science Foundation of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.2023MS01003)+2 种基金the Program for Young Talents of Science and Technology in Universities of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(Grant No.NJYT23096)the financial support from the Program of China Scholarships Council(Grant No.202306810054)for one year study at the University of Leedsthe support of Professor Ke Wu and Professor Weizhong Zhao at Capital Normal University,China。
文摘We construct the quantum fields presentation of the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,and by acting the quantum fields presentations to the constant 1,the generating functions are derived.Furthermore,we introduce two integrable systems known as the generalized UC(GUC)hierarchy and the generalized Btype UC(GBUC)hierarchy satisfied by the generalized universal character and the generalized B-type universal character,respectively.Based on infinite sequences of complex numbers,we further establish the multiparameter generalized universal character and the multiparameter generalized B-type universal character,which have been proved to be solutions of the GUC hierarchy and the GBUC hierarchy,respectively.
文摘Abst[Objective] This study was to understand the genetic dynamics of three-line hybrid rice, and explore the respective effect of sterile line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rica. [Method] Four three-line stedle lines and 27 restoring lines（cultivars） commonly culti- vated in Central China region were regarded as expadmental materials to conduct 4 x27NCII cross design, and the grain characters of three-line hybrid rico were analyzed at genetic and correlation levels. [ Result] Four characters of grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length- width ratio play the leading role in additive gene effect; these four characters were simultaneously influenced by male parent and female parent, but the effect from male parent was relatively larger. The grain length, grain width, 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio all have high brood hedtabUities（ respectively 99.65%, 98.31%, 95.27% and 98.81% ）. Correlation analysis showed that grain length was positively correlated with 1 000-grain weight and length-width ratio at extremely significant level; 1 000-grain weight was positively correlated with grain length and length- width ratio at extremely significant level, and was insignificantly correlated with grain width; grain width was negatively correlated with grain length and length-width ratio at extremely significant level. Path analysis showed that the direct path coefficients of grain length, grain width and 1 0（30- grain weight to length-width ratio were 0.624 6, -0.555 9 and -0.015 8, respectively. [ Conclusion] This study systematically analyzed the effects of stedle line and restoring line on grain characters of hybrid rice, which provided theoretical basis for breeding high quality and yield hy- brid dce.
基金Supported by Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University of Ministry of Education of China(NCET-04-0907)Program for Young Scholars in Breeding from Sichuan Provincial Department of Finance(2009QNJJ-D18)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide metabolic evidence for the analysis of the ecological and safety assessment of Pi-d2-transgenic rice.[Method] The main agronomic characters of Pi-d2-transgenic rice were observed in field experiment and the grain chemical characters and amino acid content were measured.[Results] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 resulted in stably hereditable variation in agronomic characteristics in the descents.Most of the transgenic lines grew normally and orderly.Compared with the control（wild type plants）,about half of transgenic plants showed an increased or reduced plant height.There was no observable difference between transgenic plants and controls in tiller number,length of panicle,panicles per plant,seed-setting rate and 1 000-grain weight.Total amino acid content in transgenic rice was reduced,while the starch content,GC and GT were not altered in comparison with the control.[Conclusion] Introduction of foreign gene Pi-d2 has remarkable influence on plant height,while little on grain chemical characters.
基金Supported by Sichuan Financial Genetic Engineering Program of the 12th Five-year Plan(2011JYGC11-029)National Modern Agricultural and Industrial Technology System+1 种基金Sichuan Rice Breeding Key Program of the 12th Five-year Plan(2011NZ-0098-1)Luzhou Key Project for Science and Technology Development(2011-N-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research and analyze characters and related correlation of indica hybrid rice containing high amylose. [Method] In the research, major characters of 16 species of groups of {ndica hybrid rice and the correlation were explored in rice belts in Sichuan in 2011. [Result] The variation of chalkiness degree was the highest at 26.8%, followed by rate of head rice at 22.89%; varia- tions of head rice rate and chalkiness degree were lower at 0.72% and 2.61%. In addition, rate of unpolished rice was of significantly negative correlation with chalki- ness degree; rate of chalky rice was of extremely positive correlation with chalkiness degree and gel consistency; chalkiness degree was of significantly positive correla- tion with gel consistency; gel consistency was of significantly negative correlation with protein content; amylose content was of insignificant correlation with gel consis- tency （r=0.166 9） of the 16 hybrid groups. These indicated that gel consistency would be still high as the content of amylose grows （AC≥25%）. For example, when the content of anylose in Chuanxiang 29A/Luhui 37, Kangfeng AJ6684, and Lefeng A/SR536 exceeded 27%, the gel consistency was over 80 mm in the research. [Conclusion] The research provides references for improvement of amylose content in breeding hybrid rice.
基金Supported by National Sweet Potato Industrial Technology System(CARS-11-C-16)~~
文摘Field experiments were carried out to study the effects of plastic film mulching on soil physical characters, including soil temperature, soil moisture content and soil bulk density, and yield and yield components of sweet potato. The results showed that plastic filming mulching increased soil temperature. Considering the soil temperature-increasing effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. However, with the deepening of soil layer, the warming effect of plastic film mulching was weakened. Black or white plastic film mulching was conducive to low T/R value, especially in the early growth stage of sweet potato. Plastic film mulching significantly improved the storage root yield of sweet potato. In terms of yield-improving effect, the treatments ranked as black plastic film treatment 〉 white plastic film treatment 〉 control. The storage root num- ber per plant showed a downward trend, but the weight of single storage root was increased.
基金supported by the 973 Program of China(No.2013CB429805)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41174080)
文摘A key problem in seismic inversion is the identification of the reservoir fluids. Elastic parameters, such as seismic wave velocity and formation density, do not have sufficient sensitivity, thus, the conventional amplitude-versus-offset（AVO） method is not applicable. The frequency-dependent AVO method considers the dependency of the seismic amplitude to frequency and uses this dependency to obtain information regarding the fluids in the reservoir fractures. We propose an improved Bayesian inversion method based on the parameterization of the Chapman model. The proposed method is based on 1） inelastic attribute inversion by the FDAVO method and 2） Bayesian statistics for fluid identification. First, we invert the inelastic fracture parameters by formulating an error function, which is used to match observations and model data. Second, we identify fluid types by using a Markov random field a priori model considering data from various sources, such as prestack inversion and well logs. We consider the inelastic parameters to take advantage of the viscosity differences among the different fluids possible. Finally, we use the maximum posteriori probability for obtaining the best lithology/fluid identification results.
基金Supported by High-tech Research Project of Jiangsu Province(BG2004314)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to study the variation of leaf characters from different provenance sources of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb,as well as to carry out cluster analysis on P.multiflorum from different provenance sources to provide basis for the classification,identification,breeding and improved variety selection of P.multiflorum.[Method] Leaf shape characters of 31 copies of germplasm resources in the major distribution region of the whole country were determined,and the genetic variation of P.multiflorum leaves from different producing areas was analyzed.[Result] The leaf characters of single plant of the same experimental provenance source of P.multiflorum were relatively stable,the variation was mainly found on the single leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf width and other indicators;the variation of each leaf character among different provenance sources was obvious,and the variation was mainly found on the single leaf weight,leaf area,1/2 leaf width,leaf length and other indicators.The correlation analysis of each leaf character in P.multiflorum suggested that the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed extremely significant positive correlation with leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf thickness and leaf stem length,while the single leaf area and single leaf weight showed significant negative correlation with WWR（leaf width/1/2 leaf width）and LWR（leaf length/1/2 leaf length）,in addition,several macroscopic leaf characters such as leaf length,1/2 leaf width,leaf width,leaf stem length showed extremely positive correlation.The main component analysis result suggested that the contribution rate of accumulation variance of the front three main components was up to 97.4%,which could better reflect the comprehensive performance of leaf characters of different provenance sources of P.multiflorum.The cluster analysis showed that the experimental 31 copies of P.multiflorum provenance sources should be divided into three classes,the first class was distributed in the Middle,Western of Guizhou,northwestern of Guangxi and western areas with higher altitude;the second class was distributed in Hunan,Hubei,Sichuan,Guangdong and the most area of Guangxi;the third class was distributed in Anhui,Jiangsu and Henan and Shandong.[Conclusion] Cluster analysis of leaf characters indicated that the kinds of provenance sources which the geographical position was closer could be got together.The study had provided a certain basis for the classification of P.multiflorum.
基金Supported by Natural Science Research Project of Anhui Educational Committee (2004kj218 )Major Special Program of Science and Technology Grand Plan of Anhui Province (08010302179)~~
文摘[Objective]The research aimed to test and identify the physicochemical characters and antiviral activity in vitro of semi-finished product of the recombinant porcine rPoIFN-α. [Method]HEp-2/VSV system was used to test the antiviral activity of three batches of rPoIFN-α. Using recombinant human IFN-α as reference,the titer of interferon was measured. The semi-finished product of rPoIFN-α with the known titer were treated with 0.25% trypsin,HCl and mouse anti-porcine IFN-α monoclonal antibody. And the anti-viral activity of each batch of rPoIFN-α was detected. The physicochemical characters of rPoIFN-α were evaluated. The inhibition of induced cytopathic effect of rPoIFN-α on PPV （Porcine parvovirus） and PRV （Porcine pseudorabies） on swine kidney cell （PK-15） was determined. And the antiviral activity of rPoIFN-α in vitro was observed. [Result]The titers of semi-finished products of rPoIFN-α titrated by HEp-2/VSV system could reach 1.5×105 IU/ml,with the specific activity of 1.1×106 IU/mg. The residual rate of the tier of rPoIFN-α treated by 0.25% trypsin at 37 ℃ for 1 h was less than 1%. And that treated with HCl （pH of 2.0） for 72 h was up to 95%. And that treated at 56 ℃ for 30 min and that treated by mouse anti-porcine IFN-α monoclonal antibody at 37 ℃ for 1 h were higher than 47% and about 1% respectively. The antiviral test in vitro showed that 50 and 500 IU/ml rPoIFN-α could inhibit the induced cytopathic effect of PRV and PPV on PK-15 cell lines. [Conclusion]rPoIFN-α had the basic physicochemical characters of IFN-α. And it could inhibit the induced cytopathic effect of PRV and PPV on PK-15 cell lines,but there was dosage difference.
基金This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371150 and 40371075).
文摘On the Loess Plateau, water is the main limiting factors for vegetation growth. Root distribution characters have special ecological meaning as it reflected the utilizations of trees to the environments. Even-aged stands ofRobinia pseudoacacia on slope lands facing south and north were selected as sampling plots for root distribution investigation. Investigatiing results showed that indicated that on all sites, root biomass decreased with depth, and the distribution depth of fine root was deeper than that of coarser root. The results of variance analysis indicated that there were great differences in root biomass among different diameter classes, and coarser root was the main sources of variance, and the root biomass, especially fine root (?<3mm) biomass on northern exposition sites was bigger than that on southern exposition sites. Analysis of the vertical root distribution parameters, root extinction coefficient, β indicated that the value of β on northern exposition was more than 0.982, while the value of β on southern exposition was less than 0.982, which indicated that the vertical root distribution depth ofRobinia pseudoacacia on southern exposition was deeper than that on southern exposition. And the distribution depth of fine roots (Φ<1mm) was deeper than that of thicker roots(Φ<3mm), which was in favor of the uptake of water and nutrients from deeper layers, helped the trees to adapt the arid environment, and promoted the growth of the upper parts of the tree. Keywords Root diameter classes - Variance analysis - Root extinction coefficient - Vertical distribution characters - Site conditions - Loess Plateau CLC number S792.27.01 Document code A Foundation Item: This research was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (30371150 and 40371075).Biography: LI Peng (1974-) male, post: Ph. D. in Northwest Scientific & Technological University of Agriculture and Forestry, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi Province, P. R. China. Tel: 029-82312651.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihal
基金Supported by the Major Project of China Tobacco Corporation in 2014(110201402003)~~
文摘The effects of vermicompost on the agronomic characters and yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco were investigated. The results showed that, the field growth periods of various treatments were 117-118 d, 1-2 days longer than that of the CK. The numbers of effective leaves of the treatments applied with vermicompost were 0.1-0.3 leaf more than the CK. The highest yield and the highest proportion of high-grade tobacco occurred in treatment 3 as 2 095.5 kg/m^2 and 49%, respectively, which were higher than those in the CK by 6.58 kg and 5.3%. In conclusion, the treatment with the application of vermicompost at 7 500-10 500 kg/hm^2 was the best.
基金Supported by Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest from the Ministry of Agriculture of China(201303112)the 12th National Five-year Plan for Science and Technology Program of Rural Areas(2012BAD02B03-17)~~
文摘In order to scientifically evaluate the values of Cucurbita moschata cultivars, main botanical characters including the initial flowering date, the first fruiting node, fruit length, fruit stem length, stem diameter, internode length, the transverse and longitudinal diameters of the largest leaf, single fruit weight, flesh thickness and soluble solid content of 41 cultivars were measured for conducting diversity, correlation and cluster analysis. The results revealed that the pumpkin cultivars showed large variations in fruit stem length, single fruit weight, fruit length and flesh thickness, but small variations in initial flowering date. Significant, even highly significant correlations were found among the tested traits. Cluster analysis demonstrated that the 41 old Cucurbita moschata cultivars were divided into three groups, of which multiple traits of Group 1 were better than those in the other two groups. High similarities existed in three groups and the cultivars in each group. This research provided basis for selecting excellent traits and parents for the breeding of hybrids.
基金Supported by Special Scientific Research Fund of Agricultural Public Welfare Profession(200903008-09)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research effects of N quantity on grain-filling characters of two-line hybrid rice cultivars with large ears. [Method] Peiza 67 and 88, two-line hybridized rice with large ears, were made use of to study on effects of N fertilizer in different quantities （LN： 90 kg/hm2;MN： 180 kg/hm2;HN： 270 kg/hm2） on plumpness and grain-filling characters. [Result] When N fertilizers were excessive, for inferior grains, grain-filling rate decreased and grain-filling time extended, resulting in plumpness decline after degradation of leaves＇ function. When N fertilizers were inadequate, maximal and average grain-filling rates decreased and the differences between superior and inferior grains in grain-filling rate increased, leading to decline of grain＇s weight and plumpness degree. On the other hand, quantity of N fertilizers had little effect on superior grains in plumpness. [Conclusion] The research provided references for reasonable use of N fertilizer and improvement of rice yield and N use.
文摘Using the data of wheat varieties with year-sown area of 6 666.7 hm^2 or more from 1982 to 2006 in China, the evolution of wheat varieties was studied from both supply and demand. Results showed that although various characters of wheat varieties grown by peasants in production were improved obviously in China, the demand for variety yield was still the main demand by peasants; there was no significant difference between the supply and demand of crude protein content by peasants; the demand for disease resistance has been lower than the supply recently; the demand for full growth stage at every stage was less than the supply; and while there was a larger demand for plant height by peasants.
基金Supported by International Cooperation Program of Anhui Provincial Science&Technology Department(11030603031)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to research economic characters of thirty-three Chinese rice cultivars in Angola.[Method] In the research,twenty-eight hybrid mid-indica rice cultivars and five conventional Japonica rice cultivars were classified into three groups and then grown in Luanda to analyze adaptability,fertility and major economic characters of the rice in rainy season.[Result] The research showed that of twenty-eight hybrid mid-indica rice cultivars,ten cultivars were of better adaptability and fertility,which are suitable to be grown in Luanda in Angola;productive ear number,total grain per ear,thousand-seed weight and ratio of grain to straw of the rice cultivars performed normally,but the whole developmental period shortened and seedling setting rate improved significantly.In addition,hybrid indica Teyou 721,Quanxiangyou 512,II you 128 and 102S/4HZ021 were of fertility potential at 11.5 t/hm2,which were all proved excellent in related characters in rainy season in Luanda of Angola.For conventional mid-season rice indica cultivars,Wandao 51 and Huanghuazhan were of better adaptability and fertility.In contrast,5 Japonica rice cultivars were of poor adaptability.[Conclusion] The research provided technical references for Chinese rice growing in Angola.
