Pallid Swifts(Apus pallidus),as other swifts,are birds extremely adapted to an aerial lifestyle,showing unique adaptations that allow them to fly almost continuously.The diet of these non-stopping high-altitudinal aer...Pallid Swifts(Apus pallidus),as other swifts,are birds extremely adapted to an aerial lifestyle,showing unique adaptations that allow them to fly almost continuously.The diet of these non-stopping high-altitudinal aerial birds has been mostly studied through techniques that fail to produce highly resolved prey identifications,and for that have been replaced by molecular techniques,such as DNA metabarcoding.Faecal samples of Pallid Swifts were monthly collected from a colony in the north of Portugal during the breeding season.DNA from the faecal samples was used to sex the birds and to identify the arthropods present in the diet through DNA metabarcoding.From the detected prey items,74 families were identified belonging to 16 orders,with Hymenoptera and Hemiptera being the most frequently consumed.There were seasonal variations in diet richness,composition and prey size.Regarding the diet of males and females,although no differences were found between the diet of males and females in terms of composition and richness,there were differences in the size of arthropods preyed by the different sexes,with males feeding on larger arthropods.The large seasonal variation in Pallid Swifts’diet during the breeding season is probably a result of spatiotemporal variation in aerial prey,of which swifts likely predate opportunistically.Although no significant differences were detected in diet richness and composition between sexes,the fact that males consumed larger prey may suggest the existence of sexual dietary segregation in this group of birds.At last,several pest species were found in these swifts’diet,which,if studied through DNA metabarcoding,can be used to monitor small arthropods,including airborne pests.展开更多
基金supported by the project TOPDEVILfinanced by Fundacão para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia(FCT)and the European Regional Development Fund(FEDER)through Portugal 2020 Competitiveness and Internationalization Operational Programme(POCI),reference POCI-01-0145-FEDER-030250 and PTDC/ASP-SIL/30250/2017funded by FCT through the research contracts 2020.02547.CEECIND and CEECIND/02064/2017,respectively。
文摘Pallid Swifts(Apus pallidus),as other swifts,are birds extremely adapted to an aerial lifestyle,showing unique adaptations that allow them to fly almost continuously.The diet of these non-stopping high-altitudinal aerial birds has been mostly studied through techniques that fail to produce highly resolved prey identifications,and for that have been replaced by molecular techniques,such as DNA metabarcoding.Faecal samples of Pallid Swifts were monthly collected from a colony in the north of Portugal during the breeding season.DNA from the faecal samples was used to sex the birds and to identify the arthropods present in the diet through DNA metabarcoding.From the detected prey items,74 families were identified belonging to 16 orders,with Hymenoptera and Hemiptera being the most frequently consumed.There were seasonal variations in diet richness,composition and prey size.Regarding the diet of males and females,although no differences were found between the diet of males and females in terms of composition and richness,there were differences in the size of arthropods preyed by the different sexes,with males feeding on larger arthropods.The large seasonal variation in Pallid Swifts’diet during the breeding season is probably a result of spatiotemporal variation in aerial prey,of which swifts likely predate opportunistically.Although no significant differences were detected in diet richness and composition between sexes,the fact that males consumed larger prey may suggest the existence of sexual dietary segregation in this group of birds.At last,several pest species were found in these swifts’diet,which,if studied through DNA metabarcoding,can be used to monitor small arthropods,including airborne pests.
文摘针对实时系统中著名的EDF(Earliest Deadline First)调度算法,提出、证明并简单地演示了新任务的可插入时间点δi',从该点开始可以保证新任务的插入而不会引起任何任务超截止期(Deadline).Buttazzo及其同行提出过一个时间点δi.但是,从任务集的起点开始,应用处理器需求准则得出的δi'要早于δi.此时间点可应用于对网络QoS(Quality of Service)的负载调整,也可用于传感器目标逼近测量等领域.
