The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a crit...The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a critical question remains:do these sophisticated models,much like humans,exhibit susceptibility to cognitive biases?Understanding the presence and nature of such biases in AI is paramount for assessing their reliability,enhancing their performance,and predicting their societal impact.This research specifically investigates the susceptibility of Google’s Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek,two prominent LLMs,to framing effects and confirmation bias.The study meticulously designed a series of experimental trials,systematically manipulating information proportions and presentation orders to evaluate these biases.In the framing effect experiment,a genetic testing decision-making scenario was constructed.The proportion of positive and negative information(e.g.,20%,50%,or 80%positive)and their presentation order were varied.The models’inclination towards undergoing genetic testing was recorded.For the confirmation bias experiment,two reports-one positive and one negative-about“RoboTaxi”autonomous vehicles were provided.The proportion of erroneous information within these reports(10%,30%,and 50%)and their presentation order were systematically altered,and the models’support for each report was assessed.The findings demonstrate that both Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek are susceptible to framing effects.In the genetic testing scenario,their decision-making was primarily influenced by the proportion of positive and negative information presented.When the proportion of positive information was higher,both models showed a greater inclination to recommend or proceed with genetic testing.Conversely,a higher proportion of negative information led to greater caution or a tendency not to recommend the testing.Importantly,the order in which this information was presented did not significantly influence their decisions in the framing effect scenarios.Regarding confirmation bias,the two models exhibited distinct behaviors.Gemini 1.5 Pro did not show an overall preference for either positive or negative reports.However,its judgments were significantly influenced by the order of information presentation,demonstrating a“recency effect,”meaning it tended to support the report presented later.The proportion of erroneous information within the reports had no significant impact on Gemini 1.5 Pro’s decisions.In contrast,DeepSeek exhibited an overall confirmation bias,showing a clear preference for positive reports.Similar to Gemini 1.5 Pro,DeepSeek’s decisions were also significantly affected by the order of information presentation,while the proportion of misinformation had no significant effect.These results reveal human-like cognitive vulnerabilities in advanced LLMs,highlighting critical challenges to their reliability and objectivity in decision-making processes.Gemini 1.5 Pro’s sensitivity to presentation order and DeepSeek’s general preference for positive information,coupled with its sensitivity to order,underscore the need for careful evaluation of potential cognitive biases during the development and application of AI.The study suggests that effective measures are necessary to mitigate these biases and prevent potential negative societal impacts.Future research should include a broader range of models for comparative analysis and explore more complex interactive scenarios to further understand and address these phenomena.The findings contribute significantly to understanding the limitations and capabilities of current AI systems,guiding their responsible development,and anticipating their potential societal implications.展开更多
At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023...At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023 to February 2024 as research objects and explores China’s national image from the source texts.Then,based on Mona Baker’s narrative theory,it analyzes the translation strategies to reconstruct the image of China,further revealing the regular characteristics of their application.Through translation,the reconstructed national image of China becomes more positive and more acceptable to foreign readers,effectively promoting the dissemination of Chinese stories in the international community.It is significant for promoting international understanding and cooperation,as well as effectively utilizing translation as a tool to enhance China’s national image.展开更多
As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,spa...As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,space,and landscape in media geography,the pathways for cultural inheritance and innovation through MDs can be summarized as follows:Temporally,cultural MDs construct cultural narratives from the“past”to the“future;”spatially,they build immersive cultural spaces blending reality and imagination,enhancing viewers’audiovisual experiences;through the interplay of time and space,they create diversified cultural landscapes on new media platforms,revitalize enduring cultural memories and foster a sense of community for the Chinese nation through media innovation.展开更多
An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation devi...An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and gated MCP imager,and a spatial resolution of 100μm by using an electronic imaging system comprising combined magnetic lenses.The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera were studied both theoretically and experimentally.The results showed that the camera with combined magnetic lenses reduced the field curvature and acquired a larger working area.A working area with a diameter of 53 mm was created by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera.Furthermore,the camera was used to detect the X-rays produced by the laser-targeting device.The diagnostic results indicated that the width of the X-ray pulse was approximately 18 ps.展开更多
People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,v...People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.展开更多
Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such a...Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.展开更多
A writer＇s decision to localize a news article and the valence of the frame the writer employs can affect readers＇ perceptions of credibility and bias as well as readers＇ factual recall and the likelihood that read...A writer＇s decision to localize a news article and the valence of the frame the writer employs can affect readers＇ perceptions of credibility and bias as well as readers＇ factual recall and the likelihood that readers would want to read the newspaper further. A 2 （proximity： local, non-local） ~ 3 （frame valence： positive, neutral, negative） factorial experiment （N = 136） tested the effects of proximity and frame valence on credibility, perceived bias, recall, and reading intentions. Articles that localized enjoyed greater perceptions of credibility but not recall, while articles with either a positive or negative frame yielded greater recall than articles with a neutral frame. Neither factor exhibited a main effect in predicting perceived bias, but their interaction was a significant predictor. In addition, localization and frame valence also influence the likelihood that participants would want to read the source newspaper again. Implications for theory and media practice are discussed.展开更多
This research examines how the anti-globalization movementI (AGM) is portrayed in the mainstream print media. The study focuses on anti-globalization protest events over a period of seven years following the 1999 Seat...This research examines how the anti-globalization movementI (AGM) is portrayed in the mainstream print media. The study focuses on anti-globalization protest events over a period of seven years following the 1999 Seattle protest, and covers all major protests until the end of 2006. Framing is used to explore how bias is instituted in media texts and whether this pattern is consistent across the corpus. Results of this study reveal that the framing strategies of journalists regarding AGM protests all revolve around two forms of memory-based framing tools: explicit and implicit. Explicit memory-based framing strategies refer to the coverage of previous events whereas implicit strategies involve the use of repeated connotations and metaphors applied consistently over the years, recalling previous insinuations made by a biased media system.展开更多
Message framing has been shown to influence the persuasiveness of health communications. In this conceptual paper, the authors suggest that message framing can be extended to include causal attributions, and Weiner＇s...Message framing has been shown to influence the persuasiveness of health communications. In this conceptual paper, the authors suggest that message framing can be extended to include causal attributions, and Weiner＇s Attribution Theory （Weiner＇s AT） is an appropriate theoretical framework for the study of message framing and health communications. Weiner＇s AT proposes a specific motivational sequence that may explain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to message frames. Propositions regarding relationships between message frames, causal attributions, and emotional and behavioral responses are presented to guide future research. The implications of this attribution-based message-framing process for future research are discussed展开更多
Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only rep...Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only represent reality, but constitute reality by"accentuating, undermining or modifying aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance"(Baker, 2006:5) in a way to intensify or weaken international political conflict, and in doing so participate in shaping social reality. The narrative account on translation raised up by Mona Baker"may constitute yet another turning point in translation studies"(Fan, 2009: 57), because she reveals that translation not only closely connects politics, but also creates politics(Baker, 2011:6). This provides a theoretical basis for us to discuss how translation shapes political speeches from the perspective of narration.Framing is what makes narratives takes into effective. The thesis will interpret translation of President Xi's diplomatic speeches from Baker's narrative account by the following framing means: labeling and repositioning of participants. It analyzes how President Xi's diplomatic speeches serves for enhancing consensus and reducing conflicts. It is hoped that the thesis will offer some suggestions on building a narrative system with Chinese characteristics and establishing more effective and skilled strategies for international communication.展开更多
Latent information is difficult to get from the text in speech synthesis.Studies show that features from speech can get more information to help text encoding.In the field of speech encoding,a lot of work has been con...Latent information is difficult to get from the text in speech synthesis.Studies show that features from speech can get more information to help text encoding.In the field of speech encoding,a lot of work has been conducted on two aspects.The first aspect is to encode speech frame by frame.The second aspect is to encode the whole speech to a vector.But the scale in these aspects is fixed.So,encoding speech with an adjustable scale for more latent information is worthy of investigation.But current alignment approaches only support frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.It remains a challenge to propose a new alignment approach to support adjustable scale speech encoding.This paper presents the dynamic speech encoder with a new alignment approach in conjunction with frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.The speech feature fromourmodel achieves three functions.First,the speech feature can reconstruct the origin speech while the length of the speech feature is equal to the text length.Second,our model can get text embedding fromspeech,and the encoded speech feature is similar to the text embedding result.Finally,it can transfer the style of synthesis speech and make it more similar to the given reference speech.展开更多
This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities...This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities and wildlife conservation;and 3) media framing of wildlife conservation using Zimbabwe as a case study, in particular Gonarezhou National Park and adjacent areas. The review shows that droughts are important in influencing large herbivore populations in semi-arid ecosystems;political instability and economic collapse does not necessarily lead to increased illegal hunting in situations where policy instruments, such as laws, are enforced. A higher perceived effectiveness of Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources was partly associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts and there was a spill-over effect of frames from the political domain into wildlife conservation following Zimbabwe’s land reforms in 2000. It is concluded that natural bottom-up processes (e.g., droughts) influence large herbivore population dynamics whereas policy instruments, incentives, provisions and societal frames mainly have a top-down effect on wild large herbivore populations in savanna ecosystems.展开更多
This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plas...This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plastic surgery between 1914 and 1950 and did the frames vary by year or did they recur throughout the time period studied？ The purpose here is not to argue that the press had a direct effect on the way beauty was defined within the cultural landscape of the early 20th century, but to examine the way plastic surgery＇s frame in the popular press shifted from reconstructing war-maimed soldiers to beautifying ordinary citizens.展开更多
Framing photography provides a high temporal resolution and minimizes crosstalk between adjacent frames,making it an indispensable tool for recording ultrafast phenomena.To date,various ultrafast framing photography t...Framing photography provides a high temporal resolution and minimizes crosstalk between adjacent frames,making it an indispensable tool for recording ultrafast phenomena.To date,various ultrafast framing photography techniques have been developed.However,simultaneously achieving large sequence depth,high image quality,ultrashort exposure time,and flexible frame interval remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a spatiotemporal shearing-based ultrafast framing photography,termed STS-UFP,designed to address this challenge.STS-UFP employs an adjustable ultrashort laser pulse train with a spectrum shuttle to illuminate the dynamic scenes for extracting the transient information and records discrete frames using a streak camera via spatiotemporal shearing.Based on its unique design,STS-UFP achieves high-quality ultrafast imaging with a sequence depth of up to 16 frames and frame intervals ranging from hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds,while maintaining an extremely short(picosecond)exposure time.The exceptional performance of STS-UFP is demonstrated through experimental observations of femtosecond laser-induced plasma and shockwave in water,femtosecond laser ablation in biological tissue,and femtosecond laser-induced shockwave on a silicon surface.Given its remarkable imaging capabilities,STS-UFP serves as a powerful tool for precisely observing ultrafast dynamics and holds significant potential for advancing studies of ultrafast phenomena.展开更多
Objective:The prevalence and economic burden of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)are consistently increasing.Individuals are encouraged to engage in cognitive preventive behaviors.However,the effectiveness of information pr...Objective:The prevalence and economic burden of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)are consistently increasing.Individuals are encouraged to engage in cognitive preventive behaviors.However,the effectiveness of information provided,depends on factors including the level of personal relevance to the issue and the framing of the information.Our objective in this study was to examine the effect of involvement and message framing on an individual's intention to initiate preventive behaviors toward AD.Methods:An online quasi-experimental scenario-based study was implemented.Vignettes were prepared consisting of information on preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of AD.In the vignettes,scenarios were presented to influence the participant's involvement level(low/high).At the same time,the information was framed positively(low level of fear)or negatively(high level of fear).After exposure to the vignettes,the involvement level and framing perception(fear level)were evaluated.The effects of the two factors on perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,response-efficacy,self-efficacy,and intention to engage in recommended preventive behaviors(based on the Protection Motivation Theory)were then measured.Results:Overall,368 individuals with a mean age of 51.64(±5.48)years participated.Adjusted multiple linear regression indicated that higher involvement was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and intention to engage in preventive behaviors.Negative message framing was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and self-efficacy.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that involvement and message framing are essential factors to consider when designing communication materials for promoting health behaviors.Their effects may depend on the underlying drivers of intention toward the recommended health behaviors.展开更多
This paper explores key policy issues of national information and communication technology development to identify the gap between the heterogeneity in issues pertaining to the"digital divide".How this issue...This paper explores key policy issues of national information and communication technology development to identify the gap between the heterogeneity in issues pertaining to the"digital divide".How this issue is cast often as a problem to be solved in recent years.On the public policy front,a series of reports issued by Taiwan region of China policymakers were endeavored to address universal services and digital divide issues.Government also has taken various steps to mitigate the disparity in opportunities to access the Internet(e.g.,"e-Taiwan"for broadband services,"M-Taiwan"for broadband infrastructure and heterogeneous network services,and"i-Taiwan"for ubiquitous networks and digital convergence by Taiwan,China's Cabinet).However,when policymakers worked to craft solutions to the pressing societal concern,they found lots of policy agendas need to redefine to foster greater understanding and enlighten practice for policy going forward.An examination of conflicting narratives within policy has been conducted,which identified not only the earlier debates were framed,but also key agendas of the most studied and empirical data used among them.The article attempts to examine the topic from a longitudinal perspective by using sets of documents revealed a tendency over time to explore how particular the agendas and debates of"digital divide"were framed.The study traced back to policy debates from cultural,economic,educational,and political perspectives at various Internet diffusion stages.The results provide useful insights into the study and discussion on new convergence policy making implications.展开更多
This study undertakes a multimodal framing analysis of the Obidient movement in Nigeria,with a view to exposing how Internet memes are deployed to advertise Peter Obi,the presidential candidate of the Labour Party(LP)...This study undertakes a multimodal framing analysis of the Obidient movement in Nigeria,with a view to exposing how Internet memes are deployed to advertise Peter Obi,the presidential candidate of the Labour Party(LP)in Nigeria's 2023 election.Forty memes were purposively sampled from Nigerian WhatsApp platforms and data were analysed qualitatively using aspects of Kress and van Leeuwen(2006.Reading images:The grammar of visual design,2nd edn.London:Routledge)grammar of visual design and Kuypers(2002.Press bias and politics:How the media frame controversial issues.Westport,CT:Praeger,2009.Framing analysis.In Kuypers Jim(ed.),Rhetorical criticism:Perspectives in action,181-204.London:Lexington Books)rhetorical framing analysis.The findings reveal that the meme producers employed contextual variables such as labels,metaphors,visuals,salience and keywords to frame Peter Obi,the Obidient movement and the LP as a valid alternative in the presidential election.The study also shows the deployment of semiotic concepts such as salience,social distance,attitude and framing to positively represent the Obidient movement and Obi.The study concludes that the text producers deploy memes to portray the Obidients and the Labour Party presidential candidate as victims of an incredible electoral process,and that the memes are created to reveal broader socio-cultural realities,especially the predominance of religious and ethnic politics in the Nigerian context.展开更多
Purpose:This study investigates how collaborative,lesson study-style professional development improves teacher noticing behaviors in the context of unit-based mathematics teaching in China.We employed framing theory t...Purpose:This study investigates how collaborative,lesson study-style professional development improves teacher noticing behaviors in the context of unit-based mathematics teaching in China.We employed framing theory to understand the phenomenon.First,the study aims to reveal the change in teacher noticing and frames before and after professional development;second,it seeks to clarify the influence of cultural factors in these changes.Design/Approach/Methods:Questionnaires were used to collect data on l0 teacher noticing skills and semi-structured interviews were used to explore their views of the factors influencing change.These data were analyzed thematically to identify noticing behaviors,infer frames,and identify sociocultural influences;the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to reveal changes in noticing behaviors.Findings:First,teachers demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in three sub-skills of noticing and five teachers demonstrated a shift in framing.Second,the cultural factors influencing these shifts were summarized.OriginalityNalue:This study enriches the literature on teacher noticing and frames by providing a detailed analysis of a lesson study,and it contributes to the theories of teacher noticing and framing.展开更多
文摘The rapid advancement of Artificial Intelligence(AI)and Large Language Models(LLMs)has led to their increasing integration into various domains,from text generation and translation to question-answering.However,a critical question remains:do these sophisticated models,much like humans,exhibit susceptibility to cognitive biases?Understanding the presence and nature of such biases in AI is paramount for assessing their reliability,enhancing their performance,and predicting their societal impact.This research specifically investigates the susceptibility of Google’s Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek,two prominent LLMs,to framing effects and confirmation bias.The study meticulously designed a series of experimental trials,systematically manipulating information proportions and presentation orders to evaluate these biases.In the framing effect experiment,a genetic testing decision-making scenario was constructed.The proportion of positive and negative information(e.g.,20%,50%,or 80%positive)and their presentation order were varied.The models’inclination towards undergoing genetic testing was recorded.For the confirmation bias experiment,two reports-one positive and one negative-about“RoboTaxi”autonomous vehicles were provided.The proportion of erroneous information within these reports(10%,30%,and 50%)and their presentation order were systematically altered,and the models’support for each report was assessed.The findings demonstrate that both Gemini 1.5 Pro and DeepSeek are susceptible to framing effects.In the genetic testing scenario,their decision-making was primarily influenced by the proportion of positive and negative information presented.When the proportion of positive information was higher,both models showed a greater inclination to recommend or proceed with genetic testing.Conversely,a higher proportion of negative information led to greater caution or a tendency not to recommend the testing.Importantly,the order in which this information was presented did not significantly influence their decisions in the framing effect scenarios.Regarding confirmation bias,the two models exhibited distinct behaviors.Gemini 1.5 Pro did not show an overall preference for either positive or negative reports.However,its judgments were significantly influenced by the order of information presentation,demonstrating a“recency effect,”meaning it tended to support the report presented later.The proportion of erroneous information within the reports had no significant impact on Gemini 1.5 Pro’s decisions.In contrast,DeepSeek exhibited an overall confirmation bias,showing a clear preference for positive reports.Similar to Gemini 1.5 Pro,DeepSeek’s decisions were also significantly affected by the order of information presentation,while the proportion of misinformation had no significant effect.These results reveal human-like cognitive vulnerabilities in advanced LLMs,highlighting critical challenges to their reliability and objectivity in decision-making processes.Gemini 1.5 Pro’s sensitivity to presentation order and DeepSeek’s general preference for positive information,coupled with its sensitivity to order,underscore the need for careful evaluation of potential cognitive biases during the development and application of AI.The study suggests that effective measures are necessary to mitigate these biases and prevent potential negative societal impacts.Future research should include a broader range of models for comparative analysis and explore more complex interactive scenarios to further understand and address these phenomena.The findings contribute significantly to understanding the limitations and capabilities of current AI systems,guiding their responsible development,and anticipating their potential societal implications.
文摘At present,strengthening China’s international communication capabilities and enhancing China’s global influence have become important tasks.This study selects 60 pieces of soft news from China Daily from March 2023 to February 2024 as research objects and explores China’s national image from the source texts.Then,based on Mona Baker’s narrative theory,it analyzes the translation strategies to reconstruct the image of China,further revealing the regular characteristics of their application.Through translation,the reconstructed national image of China becomes more positive and more acceptable to foreign readers,effectively promoting the dissemination of Chinese stories in the international community.It is significant for promoting international understanding and cooperation,as well as effectively utilizing translation as a tool to enhance China’s national image.
基金supported by“Reliable,Admirable,Respectable:The Inheritance and Innovation of Li Bai’s Image in ACG Media”(Project No.LB24-A05)funded by the Research Center of Libai,a Key Research Base for Philosophy and Social Sciences in Sichuan Province,“Mechanisms for Enhancing the Modern Dissemination of Three Kingdoms Figures Through Short-Form Dramas”(Project No.24ZGL05).
文摘As an emerging media format with immense growth potential,micro-dramas(MDs)carry the critical mission of inheriting and innovating China’s fine traditional culture in the new era.From the three dimensions of time,space,and landscape in media geography,the pathways for cultural inheritance and innovation through MDs can be summarized as follows:Temporally,cultural MDs construct cultural narratives from the“past”to the“future;”spatially,they build immersive cultural spaces blending reality and imagination,enhancing viewers’audiovisual experiences;through the interplay of time and space,they create diversified cultural landscapes on new media platforms,revitalize enduring cultural memories and foster a sense of community for the Chinese nation through media innovation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(No.11775147)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(Nos.2019A1515110130 and 2024A1515011832)+1 种基金Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Photonics and Biophotonics(ZDSYS20210623092006020)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(Nos.JCYJ20210324095007020,JCYJ20200109105201936 and JCYJ20230808105019039).
文摘An ultrafast framing camera with a pulse-dilation device,a microchannel plate(MCP)imager,and an electronic imaging system were reported.The camera achieved a temporal resolution of 10 ps by using a pulse-dilation device and gated MCP imager,and a spatial resolution of 100μm by using an electronic imaging system comprising combined magnetic lenses.The spatial resolution characteristics of the camera were studied both theoretically and experimentally.The results showed that the camera with combined magnetic lenses reduced the field curvature and acquired a larger working area.A working area with a diameter of 53 mm was created by applying four magnetic lenses to the camera.Furthermore,the camera was used to detect the X-rays produced by the laser-targeting device.The diagnostic results indicated that the width of the X-ray pulse was approximately 18 ps.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31871109,32071083,and 31900779)Shenzhen–Hong Kong Institute of Brain Science—Shenzhen Fundamental Research Institutions(2021SHIBS0003).
文摘People as third-party observers,without direct self-interest,may punish norm violators to maintain social norms.However,third-party judgment and the follow-up punishment might be susceptible to the way we frame(i.e.,verbally describe)a norm violation.We conducted a behavioral and a neuroimaging experiment to investigate the above phenomenon,which we call the“third-party framing effect”.In these experiments,participants observed an anonymous perpetrator deciding whether to keep her/his economic benefit while exposing a victim to a risk of physical pain(described as“harming others”in one condition and“not helping others”in the other condition),then they had a chance to punish that perpetrator at their own cost.Our results showed that the participants were more willing to execute third-party punishment under the harm frame compared to the help frame,manifesting a framing effect.Self-reported anger toward perpetrators mediated the relationship between empathy toward victims and the framing effect.Meanwhile,activation of the insula mediated the relationship between mid-cingulate cortex activation and the framing effect;the functional connectivity between these regions significantly predicted the size of the framing effect.These findings shed light on the psychological and neural mechanisms of the third-party framing effect.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52008194)。
文摘Traditional wooden joinery is the craft of connecting wood pieces for buildings or producing utensils by utilizing only the geometry of the components and material properties of the wood,without other materials such as glue or metal connectors.In its thousands of years of tradition,this construction technique has achieved high accomplishment in both East Asian and European architectural civilizations.Although sharing the same basic principles,joinery techniques vary between regions and cultures,rooted in the geographical environment,available wood species and their material properties,characteristics of craftsmanship,tools,and structural systems.Wood framing systems from China,Japan,and Western Europe are selected for comparison to assess the relationship between wood joinery and other aspects of building technology.The main conclusions include:in East Asia,the building tradition pays great attention to the design and execution of joinery(sunmao榫卯),making it responsible for multiple functions including architectural mechanics and the stability of the entire frame,which leads to a broader role meant by the term“joint”itself,while in Europe joinery is treated as the“node”or literally“joint”of the structure.Although in both East Asia and Europe wooden joinery serves as an aesthetic factor of the structure,its expression in East Asia is subtle,veiled,and restrained,while in Europe it is explicit and direct.The most important lesson we learn from the study of traditional joinery technology is that it should be seen in the context of the building process as a whole,taking into account geographical environment,material resources,craftsmanship,tools,construction methods,structural form,and the structural system.
文摘A writer＇s decision to localize a news article and the valence of the frame the writer employs can affect readers＇ perceptions of credibility and bias as well as readers＇ factual recall and the likelihood that readers would want to read the newspaper further. A 2 （proximity： local, non-local） ~ 3 （frame valence： positive, neutral, negative） factorial experiment （N = 136） tested the effects of proximity and frame valence on credibility, perceived bias, recall, and reading intentions. Articles that localized enjoyed greater perceptions of credibility but not recall, while articles with either a positive or negative frame yielded greater recall than articles with a neutral frame. Neither factor exhibited a main effect in predicting perceived bias, but their interaction was a significant predictor. In addition, localization and frame valence also influence the likelihood that participants would want to read the source newspaper again. Implications for theory and media practice are discussed.
文摘This research examines how the anti-globalization movementI (AGM) is portrayed in the mainstream print media. The study focuses on anti-globalization protest events over a period of seven years following the 1999 Seattle protest, and covers all major protests until the end of 2006. Framing is used to explore how bias is instituted in media texts and whether this pattern is consistent across the corpus. Results of this study reveal that the framing strategies of journalists regarding AGM protests all revolve around two forms of memory-based framing tools: explicit and implicit. Explicit memory-based framing strategies refer to the coverage of previous events whereas implicit strategies involve the use of repeated connotations and metaphors applied consistently over the years, recalling previous insinuations made by a biased media system.
文摘Message framing has been shown to influence the persuasiveness of health communications. In this conceptual paper, the authors suggest that message framing can be extended to include causal attributions, and Weiner＇s Attribution Theory （Weiner＇s AT） is an appropriate theoretical framework for the study of message framing and health communications. Weiner＇s AT proposes a specific motivational sequence that may explain cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses to message frames. Propositions regarding relationships between message frames, causal attributions, and emotional and behavioral responses are presented to guide future research. The implications of this attribution-based message-framing process for future research are discussed
文摘Narratives are"the everyday stories we live by"(Baker, 2006:3), they are featured by inter-media, inter-disciplines and inter-genres and play key role in cross-cultural communication. Narratives not only represent reality, but constitute reality by"accentuating, undermining or modifying aspects of the narrative(s) encoded in the source text or utterance"(Baker, 2006:5) in a way to intensify or weaken international political conflict, and in doing so participate in shaping social reality. The narrative account on translation raised up by Mona Baker"may constitute yet another turning point in translation studies"(Fan, 2009: 57), because she reveals that translation not only closely connects politics, but also creates politics(Baker, 2011:6). This provides a theoretical basis for us to discuss how translation shapes political speeches from the perspective of narration.Framing is what makes narratives takes into effective. The thesis will interpret translation of President Xi's diplomatic speeches from Baker's narrative account by the following framing means: labeling and repositioning of participants. It analyzes how President Xi's diplomatic speeches serves for enhancing consensus and reducing conflicts. It is hoped that the thesis will offer some suggestions on building a narrative system with Chinese characteristics and establishing more effective and skilled strategies for international communication.
基金supported by National Key R&D Program of China (2020AAA0107901).
文摘Latent information is difficult to get from the text in speech synthesis.Studies show that features from speech can get more information to help text encoding.In the field of speech encoding,a lot of work has been conducted on two aspects.The first aspect is to encode speech frame by frame.The second aspect is to encode the whole speech to a vector.But the scale in these aspects is fixed.So,encoding speech with an adjustable scale for more latent information is worthy of investigation.But current alignment approaches only support frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.It remains a challenge to propose a new alignment approach to support adjustable scale speech encoding.This paper presents the dynamic speech encoder with a new alignment approach in conjunction with frame-by-frame encoding and speech-to-vector encoding.The speech feature fromourmodel achieves three functions.First,the speech feature can reconstruct the origin speech while the length of the speech feature is equal to the text length.Second,our model can get text embedding fromspeech,and the encoded speech feature is similar to the text embedding result.Finally,it can transfer the style of synthesis speech and make it more similar to the given reference speech.
文摘This article reviews: 1) The role of natural and human-induced controls in influencing large herbivore populations;2) how human controls (i.e., policy instruments, incentives and provisions) influence human activities and wildlife conservation;and 3) media framing of wildlife conservation using Zimbabwe as a case study, in particular Gonarezhou National Park and adjacent areas. The review shows that droughts are important in influencing large herbivore populations in semi-arid ecosystems;political instability and economic collapse does not necessarily lead to increased illegal hunting in situations where policy instruments, such as laws, are enforced. A higher perceived effectiveness of Communal Areas Management Programme for Indigenous Resources was partly associated with a decline in human-wildlife conflicts and there was a spill-over effect of frames from the political domain into wildlife conservation following Zimbabwe’s land reforms in 2000. It is concluded that natural bottom-up processes (e.g., droughts) influence large herbivore population dynamics whereas policy instruments, incentives, provisions and societal frames mainly have a top-down effect on wild large herbivore populations in savanna ecosystems.
文摘This research seeks to add to the body of scholarship on the history of cosmetic surgery and American journalism and is guided by the following two-part research questions： How did newspapers and magazines frame plastic surgery between 1914 and 1950 and did the frames vary by year or did they recur throughout the time period studied？ The purpose here is not to argue that the press had a direct effect on the way beauty was defined within the cultural landscape of the early 20th century, but to examine the way plastic surgery＇s frame in the popular press shifted from reconstructing war-maimed soldiers to beautifying ordinary citizens.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(12325408,12274129,12274139,12374274,62175066,92150102,12474404,12304338,12471368,62475070)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities。
文摘Framing photography provides a high temporal resolution and minimizes crosstalk between adjacent frames,making it an indispensable tool for recording ultrafast phenomena.To date,various ultrafast framing photography techniques have been developed.However,simultaneously achieving large sequence depth,high image quality,ultrashort exposure time,and flexible frame interval remains a significant challenge.Herein,we present a spatiotemporal shearing-based ultrafast framing photography,termed STS-UFP,designed to address this challenge.STS-UFP employs an adjustable ultrashort laser pulse train with a spectrum shuttle to illuminate the dynamic scenes for extracting the transient information and records discrete frames using a streak camera via spatiotemporal shearing.Based on its unique design,STS-UFP achieves high-quality ultrafast imaging with a sequence depth of up to 16 frames and frame intervals ranging from hundreds of picoseconds to nanoseconds,while maintaining an extremely short(picosecond)exposure time.The exceptional performance of STS-UFP is demonstrated through experimental observations of femtosecond laser-induced plasma and shockwave in water,femtosecond laser ablation in biological tissue,and femtosecond laser-induced shockwave on a silicon surface.Given its remarkable imaging capabilities,STS-UFP serves as a powerful tool for precisely observing ultrafast dynamics and holds significant potential for advancing studies of ultrafast phenomena.
文摘Objective:The prevalence and economic burden of Alzheimer's Disease(AD)are consistently increasing.Individuals are encouraged to engage in cognitive preventive behaviors.However,the effectiveness of information provided,depends on factors including the level of personal relevance to the issue and the framing of the information.Our objective in this study was to examine the effect of involvement and message framing on an individual's intention to initiate preventive behaviors toward AD.Methods:An online quasi-experimental scenario-based study was implemented.Vignettes were prepared consisting of information on preventive behaviors to reduce the risk of AD.In the vignettes,scenarios were presented to influence the participant's involvement level(low/high).At the same time,the information was framed positively(low level of fear)or negatively(high level of fear).After exposure to the vignettes,the involvement level and framing perception(fear level)were evaluated.The effects of the two factors on perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,response-efficacy,self-efficacy,and intention to engage in recommended preventive behaviors(based on the Protection Motivation Theory)were then measured.Results:Overall,368 individuals with a mean age of 51.64(±5.48)years participated.Adjusted multiple linear regression indicated that higher involvement was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and intention to engage in preventive behaviors.Negative message framing was associated with significantly higher perceived severity,perceived vulnerability,and self-efficacy.Conclusion:Our findings indicated that involvement and message framing are essential factors to consider when designing communication materials for promoting health behaviors.Their effects may depend on the underlying drivers of intention toward the recommended health behaviors.
文摘This paper explores key policy issues of national information and communication technology development to identify the gap between the heterogeneity in issues pertaining to the"digital divide".How this issue is cast often as a problem to be solved in recent years.On the public policy front,a series of reports issued by Taiwan region of China policymakers were endeavored to address universal services and digital divide issues.Government also has taken various steps to mitigate the disparity in opportunities to access the Internet(e.g.,"e-Taiwan"for broadband services,"M-Taiwan"for broadband infrastructure and heterogeneous network services,and"i-Taiwan"for ubiquitous networks and digital convergence by Taiwan,China's Cabinet).However,when policymakers worked to craft solutions to the pressing societal concern,they found lots of policy agendas need to redefine to foster greater understanding and enlighten practice for policy going forward.An examination of conflicting narratives within policy has been conducted,which identified not only the earlier debates were framed,but also key agendas of the most studied and empirical data used among them.The article attempts to examine the topic from a longitudinal perspective by using sets of documents revealed a tendency over time to explore how particular the agendas and debates of"digital divide"were framed.The study traced back to policy debates from cultural,economic,educational,and political perspectives at various Internet diffusion stages.The results provide useful insights into the study and discussion on new convergence policy making implications.
文摘This study undertakes a multimodal framing analysis of the Obidient movement in Nigeria,with a view to exposing how Internet memes are deployed to advertise Peter Obi,the presidential candidate of the Labour Party(LP)in Nigeria's 2023 election.Forty memes were purposively sampled from Nigerian WhatsApp platforms and data were analysed qualitatively using aspects of Kress and van Leeuwen(2006.Reading images:The grammar of visual design,2nd edn.London:Routledge)grammar of visual design and Kuypers(2002.Press bias and politics:How the media frame controversial issues.Westport,CT:Praeger,2009.Framing analysis.In Kuypers Jim(ed.),Rhetorical criticism:Perspectives in action,181-204.London:Lexington Books)rhetorical framing analysis.The findings reveal that the meme producers employed contextual variables such as labels,metaphors,visuals,salience and keywords to frame Peter Obi,the Obidient movement and the LP as a valid alternative in the presidential election.The study also shows the deployment of semiotic concepts such as salience,social distance,attitude and framing to positively represent the Obidient movement and Obi.The study concludes that the text producers deploy memes to portray the Obidients and the Labour Party presidential candidate as victims of an incredible electoral process,and that the memes are created to reveal broader socio-cultural realities,especially the predominance of religious and ethnic politics in the Nigerian context.
基金supported by the Interdisciplinary Research Foundation for Doctoral Candidates of Beijing Normal University(BNUXKJC2401),awarded to Siyu Zuo.
文摘Purpose:This study investigates how collaborative,lesson study-style professional development improves teacher noticing behaviors in the context of unit-based mathematics teaching in China.We employed framing theory to understand the phenomenon.First,the study aims to reveal the change in teacher noticing and frames before and after professional development;second,it seeks to clarify the influence of cultural factors in these changes.Design/Approach/Methods:Questionnaires were used to collect data on l0 teacher noticing skills and semi-structured interviews were used to explore their views of the factors influencing change.These data were analyzed thematically to identify noticing behaviors,infer frames,and identify sociocultural influences;the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to reveal changes in noticing behaviors.Findings:First,teachers demonstrated varying degrees of improvement in three sub-skills of noticing and five teachers demonstrated a shift in framing.Second,the cultural factors influencing these shifts were summarized.OriginalityNalue:This study enriches the literature on teacher noticing and frames by providing a detailed analysis of a lesson study,and it contributes to the theories of teacher noticing and framing.
