A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation（TCX）audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stabil...A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation（TCX）audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stability of linear predictive coding（LPC）filter,predicts the lost frames by utilizing the linear spectrum frequency and different continuous attenuation factor of different kinds of lost frames.Signal noise ratio（SNR）test and multiple stimuli with hidden reference and anchor（MUSHRA）test are conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in adaptive multi-rate wideband plus（AMR-WB＋）audio codec.Compared with the original frame error concealment scheme,our scheme achieves better audio recovery quality in AMR-WB＋audio codec.展开更多
Unreinforced Masonry (URM) is the most common partitioning material in framed buildings in India and many other countries. Although it is well-known that under lateral loading the behavior and modes of failure of the ...Unreinforced Masonry (URM) is the most common partitioning material in framed buildings in India and many other countries. Although it is well-known that under lateral loading the behavior and modes of failure of the frame buildings change significantly due to infill-frame interaction, the general design practice is to treat infills as nonstructural elements and their stiffness, strength and interaction with the frame is often ignored, primarily because of difficulties in simulation and lack of modeling guidelines in design codes. The Indian Standard, like many other national codes, does not provide explicit insight into the anticipated performance and associated vulnerability of infilled frames. This paper presents an analytical study on the seismic performance and fragility analysis of Indian code-designed RC frame buildings with and without URM infills. Infills are modeled as diagonal struts as per ASCE 41 guidelines and various modes of failure are considered. HAZUS methodology along with nonlinear static analysis is used to compare the seismic vulnerability of bare and infilled frames. The comparative study suggests that URM infills result in a significant increase in the seismic vulnerability of RC frames and their effect needs to be properly incorporated in design codes.展开更多
The pilotless frame synchronization approach and implementations of LDPC code are the crucial issue of LDPC decoder. The Maximum-A-Posteriori probability( MAP) decoder has a perfect frame synchronization error rate( F...The pilotless frame synchronization approach and implementations of LDPC code are the crucial issue of LDPC decoder. The Maximum-A-Posteriori probability( MAP) decoder has a perfect frame synchronization error rate( FSER) performance. In this paper,a theoretical derivation of the FSER performance of pilotless frame synchronization for LDPC code is presented. The FSER performance by theoretical analysis coincides well with that by simulation in additive white Gaussian channel and Rician fading channel. So it is estimated the FSER performance of an LDPC code by theoretical analysis can be used instead of the simulations which are much more time-consuming.展开更多
To improve the coding performance of H.264/AVC, this paper proposes a rate control scheme composed of a novel flame complexity optimized selection and a quantization parameter （QP） value computation approach. First,...To improve the coding performance of H.264/AVC, this paper proposes a rate control scheme composed of a novel flame complexity optimized selection and a quantization parameter （QP） value computation approach. First, it extracts the frame coding complexity from two rate distortion models, and then introduces five statistic modes to estimate the frame coding complexity. An optimal mode is selected according to the coding efficiency. Finally the paper presents a novel QP calculation method for the H.264/AVC rate control. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithra outperforms the algorithm integrated in the 3M model in obtaining precise frame coding complexity, achieving robust buffer control and improving coding quality. And the improving visual quality is high up to 0.90dB for CIF sequences.展开更多
Packet loss protection method based on picture level adaptive frame /field coding (PAFF)was presented. Firstly,the end-to-end rate-distortion analysis for PAFF on the current frame was performed. Secondly,in order to ...Packet loss protection method based on picture level adaptive frame /field coding (PAFF)was presented. Firstly,the end-to-end rate-distortion analysis for PAFF on the current frame was performed. Secondly,in order to evaluate the severity of error propagation in the following frames,the error propagation intensity and human visual quality sensitivity of different areas were taken into consideration. It was followed by the quantification of relative importance. Finally,the proper coding mode was chosen utilizing an unequal comparison procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) up to 0. 9 dB and 1. 6 dB comparing with the field only and the dispersed flexible macro-block ordering (FMO)only methods respectively.展开更多
By means of analogy, this paper analyses the present functional hierarchyframe model for system maintainability, and presents an improved model. Practical applicationindicates that the improved model is visualized, mo...By means of analogy, this paper analyses the present functional hierarchyframe model for system maintainability, and presents an improved model. Practical applicationindicates that the improved model is visualized, more convenient and perfected over the perviousmodels.展开更多
In order toovercomethe poor local search ability of genetic algorithm, resulting in the basic genetic algorithm is time-consuming, and low search abilityin the late evolutionary, we use thegray coding instead ofbinary...In order toovercomethe poor local search ability of genetic algorithm, resulting in the basic genetic algorithm is time-consuming, and low search abilityin the late evolutionary, we use thegray coding instead ofbinary codingatthebeginning of the coding;we use multi-point crossoverto replace the originalsingle-point crossoveroperation.Finally, theexperimentshows that the improved genetic algorithmnot only has a strong search capability, but also thestability has been effectively improved.展开更多
This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildi...This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildings （SMRF）. This paper formulates a numerical study of a steel SMRF building, studied in four different situations, namely： as an office building in San Francisco; as an office building in Sacramento; as an essential facility in San Francisco, and as an essential facility in Sacramento. The analytical results of the model buildings are then compared and analyzed taking note of any significant differences. This case study explores variations in the results obtained using the two codes, particularly the design base shear and drift ratios as they relate to different locations and occupancy use. This study also proves that IBC 2003 is more stringent for the redundancy factor under design category E for the SMRF building, and drift limits for essential facilities.展开更多
Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rat...Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rate-distortion based error resilience method is proposed. Firstly, the intra/inter mode decision is implemented using macro-block(MB) refresh, and then redundant picture and reference frame selection are utilized together to realize the redundant coding. The estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption of refresh MB are used for the mode and reference frame decision of refresh MB. Secondly, by analyzing the statistical property in the successive frames, the error propagation distortion and bit consumption are formulated as a function of temporal distance. Encoding parameters of the current frame is determined by the estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption. Thirdly, by comparing the rate-distortion cost of different combinations, proper selection of error resilience method is performed before the encoding process of the current frame. Finally, the MB mode and bit distribution of the primary picture are analyzed for the derivation of the texture information. The motion information is subsequently incorporated for the calculation of video content complexity to implement the content based redundant coding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the LA-RDO and HRP method when video is transmitted over error-prone channel.展开更多
Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS ...Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS Center,Lehigh University to prepare for an upcoming experimental program.The analysis program DRAIN-2DX was used to model a one-bay,four-story prototype BRBF including material and geometric nonlinearities.The buckling- restrained brace(BRB)model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening.Nonlinear static pushover and time- history analyses were performed on the prototype BRBF.Performance objectives for the BRBs were defined and used to evaluate the time-history analysis results.Particular emphasis was placed on global ductility demands and ductility demands on the BRBs.These demands were compared with anticipated ductility capacities.The analysis results,along with results from similar previous studies,are used to evaluate the BRBF design provisions that have been recommended for codification in the United States.The results show that BRB maximum ductility demands can be as high as 20 to 25.These demands significantly exceed those anticipated by the BRBF recommended provisions.Results from the static pushover and time- history analyses are used to demonstrate why the ductility demands exceed those anticipated by the recommended provisions. The BRB qualification testing protocol contained in the BRBF recommended provisions is shown to be inadequate because it requires only a maximum ductility demand of at most 7.5.Modifications to the testing protocol are recommended.展开更多
Soil underneath a structure might affect the behavior and the overall response of the structure in seismic events. The role of loose soil conditions and the inclusion of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the analysi...Soil underneath a structure might affect the behavior and the overall response of the structure in seismic events. The role of loose soil conditions and the inclusion of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the analysis are important issues that need to be addressed. Since steel structures are light, two configurations designed as spatial and perimeter are considered to study the effect of soil on the steel structural frames for the same building. The paper provides a parametric analysis on the influence of SSI on the overall performance of MRFs (Moment Resisting Frames) according to the provisions of Saudi Building Code (SBC) [1]. A case study has been developed in which spatial and perimeter moment resisting frames of 12, 6 and 3 stories residential buildings are designed using Saudi Building Code (SBC) prescriptions. A modal response spectrum analysis has been carried out to see the influence of SSI on the fundamental period of vibration, top story displacement and inter-story drift limitations. Moreover, a static non-linear analysis has been performed to investigate the performance of frames, thus allowing to identify the influence of SSI on the structural design of steel MRFs.展开更多
小开放阅读框(small Open Reading Frames,sORFs)是指基因组中长度不超过300个碱基的开放阅读框,对于维持细胞代谢平衡及生命体的基础生理功能有重要作用。为深入挖掘sORFs序列的深层特征以及进一步提升跨物种预测编码与非编码sORFs的精...小开放阅读框(small Open Reading Frames,sORFs)是指基因组中长度不超过300个碱基的开放阅读框,对于维持细胞代谢平衡及生命体的基础生理功能有重要作用。为深入挖掘sORFs序列的深层特征以及进一步提升跨物种预测编码与非编码sORFs的精度,提出一种融合DNABERT预训练和数据混合编码策略的sORF-BERT神经网络模型,并引入CAL模块以学习sORFs的多尺度特征。对原核基因组、人类、老鼠、拟南芥以及大肠杆菌数据集进行分析研究,sORF-BERT模型通过预训练与微调之后,能有效地捕获sORFs序列丰富的生物学特征,同时利用CAL更好地学习不同尺度的sORFs特征。将sORF-BERT与已发表的CPPred、DeepCPP、CNCI、CPPred-sORF、MiPiped、PsORFs这6种先进方法进行跨物种实验对比,结果显示sORF-BERT在5个独立测试集上的性能均得到提升,与排名第二的PsORFs相比ACC提升了0.42~18.72个百分点、MCC提升了1.08~11.75个百分点,充分表明了该方法在预测编码sORFs的优越性,有助于推动基础生物学的研究。展开更多
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2015AA016306)the Foundation of Outstanding Middle-aged and Young Scientific and Technological Innovation Team Program of Department of Education of Hubei Province(T201516)the Foundation of Department of Education of Hubei Province(Q20132207)
文摘A novel frame error concealment scheme is proposed to improve the decoded audio quality of the receiver for transform coded excitation（TCX）audio codec.This scheme,which is a gain control approach based on the stability of linear predictive coding（LPC）filter,predicts the lost frames by utilizing the linear spectrum frequency and different continuous attenuation factor of different kinds of lost frames.Signal noise ratio（SNR）test and multiple stimuli with hidden reference and anchor（MUSHRA）test are conducted to evaluate the performance of this approach in adaptive multi-rate wideband plus（AMR-WB＋）audio codec.Compared with the original frame error concealment scheme,our scheme achieves better audio recovery quality in AMR-WB＋audio codec.
文摘Unreinforced Masonry (URM) is the most common partitioning material in framed buildings in India and many other countries. Although it is well-known that under lateral loading the behavior and modes of failure of the frame buildings change significantly due to infill-frame interaction, the general design practice is to treat infills as nonstructural elements and their stiffness, strength and interaction with the frame is often ignored, primarily because of difficulties in simulation and lack of modeling guidelines in design codes. The Indian Standard, like many other national codes, does not provide explicit insight into the anticipated performance and associated vulnerability of infilled frames. This paper presents an analytical study on the seismic performance and fragility analysis of Indian code-designed RC frame buildings with and without URM infills. Infills are modeled as diagonal struts as per ASCE 41 guidelines and various modes of failure are considered. HAZUS methodology along with nonlinear static analysis is used to compare the seismic vulnerability of bare and infilled frames. The comparative study suggests that URM infills result in a significant increase in the seismic vulnerability of RC frames and their effect needs to be properly incorporated in design codes.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61271230,61472190)the Open Research Fund of National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory,Southeast University(No.2013D02)the Open Research Fund of National Key Laboratory of Electromagnetic Environment,China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation(No.201500013)
文摘The pilotless frame synchronization approach and implementations of LDPC code are the crucial issue of LDPC decoder. The Maximum-A-Posteriori probability( MAP) decoder has a perfect frame synchronization error rate( FSER) performance. In this paper,a theoretical derivation of the FSER performance of pilotless frame synchronization for LDPC code is presented. The FSER performance by theoretical analysis coincides well with that by simulation in additive white Gaussian channel and Rician fading channel. So it is estimated the FSER performance of an LDPC code by theoretical analysis can be used instead of the simulations which are much more time-consuming.
基金Supported by the Nat：onal Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 60873185） and the Foundation of Science ＆ Technology Department of Sichuan Province （No. 2011HH0037）.
文摘To improve the coding performance of H.264/AVC, this paper proposes a rate control scheme composed of a novel flame complexity optimized selection and a quantization parameter （QP） value computation approach. First, it extracts the frame coding complexity from two rate distortion models, and then introduces five statistic modes to estimate the frame coding complexity. An optimal mode is selected according to the coding efficiency. Finally the paper presents a novel QP calculation method for the H.264/AVC rate control. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithra outperforms the algorithm integrated in the 3M model in obtaining precise frame coding complexity, achieving robust buffer control and improving coding quality. And the improving visual quality is high up to 0.90dB for CIF sequences.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.40927001)the Project of Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province,China(No.2011R09021-06)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China
文摘Packet loss protection method based on picture level adaptive frame /field coding (PAFF)was presented. Firstly,the end-to-end rate-distortion analysis for PAFF on the current frame was performed. Secondly,in order to evaluate the severity of error propagation in the following frames,the error propagation intensity and human visual quality sensitivity of different areas were taken into consideration. It was followed by the quantification of relative importance. Finally,the proper coding mode was chosen utilizing an unequal comparison procedure. The simulation results show that the proposed method can improve peak signal-to-noise ratio (PSNR) up to 0. 9 dB and 1. 6 dB comparing with the field only and the dispersed flexible macro-block ordering (FMO)only methods respectively.
文摘By means of analogy, this paper analyses the present functional hierarchyframe model for system maintainability, and presents an improved model. Practical applicationindicates that the improved model is visualized, more convenient and perfected over the perviousmodels.
文摘In order toovercomethe poor local search ability of genetic algorithm, resulting in the basic genetic algorithm is time-consuming, and low search abilityin the late evolutionary, we use thegray coding instead ofbinary codingatthebeginning of the coding;we use multi-point crossoverto replace the originalsingle-point crossoveroperation.Finally, theexperimentshows that the improved genetic algorithmnot only has a strong search capability, but also thestability has been effectively improved.
基金Rearch Grant from the School of Engineering,San Francisco State University
文摘This study focuses on the comparison of the Uniform Building Code （UBC） 1997 and International Building Code （IBC） 2003 in relation to the seismic design and analysis of special steel moment resisting frame buildings （SMRF）. This paper formulates a numerical study of a steel SMRF building, studied in four different situations, namely： as an office building in San Francisco; as an office building in Sacramento; as an essential facility in San Francisco, and as an essential facility in Sacramento. The analytical results of the model buildings are then compared and analyzed taking note of any significant differences. This case study explores variations in the results obtained using the two codes, particularly the design base shear and drift ratios as they relate to different locations and occupancy use. This study also proves that IBC 2003 is more stringent for the redundancy factor under design category E for the SMRF building, and drift limits for essential facilities.
基金Project(40927001)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2011R09021-06)supported by the Program of Key Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Zhejiang Province,ChinaProject supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China
文摘Quality degradation occurs during transmission of video streaming over the error-prone network. By jointly using redundant slice, reference frame selection, and intra/inters mode decision, a content and end-to-end rate-distortion based error resilience method is proposed. Firstly, the intra/inter mode decision is implemented using macro-block(MB) refresh, and then redundant picture and reference frame selection are utilized together to realize the redundant coding. The estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption of refresh MB are used for the mode and reference frame decision of refresh MB. Secondly, by analyzing the statistical property in the successive frames, the error propagation distortion and bit consumption are formulated as a function of temporal distance. Encoding parameters of the current frame is determined by the estimated error propagation distortion and bit consumption. Thirdly, by comparing the rate-distortion cost of different combinations, proper selection of error resilience method is performed before the encoding process of the current frame. Finally, the MB mode and bit distribution of the primary picture are analyzed for the derivation of the texture information. The motion information is subsequently incorporated for the calculation of video content complexity to implement the content based redundant coding. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm achieves significant performance gains over the LA-RDO and HRP method when video is transmitted over error-prone channel.
文摘Accurate estimates of ductility demands on buckling-restrained braced frames(BRBFs)are crucial to performance-based design of BRBFs.An analytical study on the seismic behavior of BRBFs has been conducted at the ATLSS Center,Lehigh University to prepare for an upcoming experimental program.The analysis program DRAIN-2DX was used to model a one-bay,four-story prototype BRBF including material and geometric nonlinearities.The buckling- restrained brace(BRB)model incorporates both isotropic and kinematic hardening.Nonlinear static pushover and time- history analyses were performed on the prototype BRBF.Performance objectives for the BRBs were defined and used to evaluate the time-history analysis results.Particular emphasis was placed on global ductility demands and ductility demands on the BRBs.These demands were compared with anticipated ductility capacities.The analysis results,along with results from similar previous studies,are used to evaluate the BRBF design provisions that have been recommended for codification in the United States.The results show that BRB maximum ductility demands can be as high as 20 to 25.These demands significantly exceed those anticipated by the BRBF recommended provisions.Results from the static pushover and time- history analyses are used to demonstrate why the ductility demands exceed those anticipated by the recommended provisions. The BRB qualification testing protocol contained in the BRBF recommended provisions is shown to be inadequate because it requires only a maximum ductility demand of at most 7.5.Modifications to the testing protocol are recommended.
文摘Soil underneath a structure might affect the behavior and the overall response of the structure in seismic events. The role of loose soil conditions and the inclusion of soil-structure interaction (SSI) in the analysis are important issues that need to be addressed. Since steel structures are light, two configurations designed as spatial and perimeter are considered to study the effect of soil on the steel structural frames for the same building. The paper provides a parametric analysis on the influence of SSI on the overall performance of MRFs (Moment Resisting Frames) according to the provisions of Saudi Building Code (SBC) [1]. A case study has been developed in which spatial and perimeter moment resisting frames of 12, 6 and 3 stories residential buildings are designed using Saudi Building Code (SBC) prescriptions. A modal response spectrum analysis has been carried out to see the influence of SSI on the fundamental period of vibration, top story displacement and inter-story drift limitations. Moreover, a static non-linear analysis has been performed to investigate the performance of frames, thus allowing to identify the influence of SSI on the structural design of steel MRFs.
文摘小开放阅读框(small Open Reading Frames,sORFs)是指基因组中长度不超过300个碱基的开放阅读框,对于维持细胞代谢平衡及生命体的基础生理功能有重要作用。为深入挖掘sORFs序列的深层特征以及进一步提升跨物种预测编码与非编码sORFs的精度,提出一种融合DNABERT预训练和数据混合编码策略的sORF-BERT神经网络模型,并引入CAL模块以学习sORFs的多尺度特征。对原核基因组、人类、老鼠、拟南芥以及大肠杆菌数据集进行分析研究,sORF-BERT模型通过预训练与微调之后,能有效地捕获sORFs序列丰富的生物学特征,同时利用CAL更好地学习不同尺度的sORFs特征。将sORF-BERT与已发表的CPPred、DeepCPP、CNCI、CPPred-sORF、MiPiped、PsORFs这6种先进方法进行跨物种实验对比,结果显示sORF-BERT在5个独立测试集上的性能均得到提升,与排名第二的PsORFs相比ACC提升了0.42~18.72个百分点、MCC提升了1.08~11.75个百分点,充分表明了该方法在预测编码sORFs的优越性,有助于推动基础生物学的研究。
