It is undeniable that HIV infection has been a censorious public health concern over the past four decades.It is reported that HIV is the main reason for AIDs which has decimated the global population of humans and im...It is undeniable that HIV infection has been a censorious public health concern over the past four decades.It is reported that HIV is the main reason for AIDs which has decimated the global population of humans and imposed a significant economic burden on affected areas.Hence,it is significant to study the transmission of HIV viruses in the body of a human host.In this study,we use a fractional framework to organise the intricate interactions of CD4^(+)T-cells and HIV viruses in order to investigate HIV infection with control interventions.We apply the operators of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu to interrogate the transmission phenomena of HIV viruses.For the analysis of our system,we present the basic concepts of the fractional operators.Numerical schemes are provided to show the solution pathways of the system with the variation of input parameters.Furthermore,the findings emphasise the chaotic and dynamical behaviour of HIV.We run several simulations to visualise the influence of input factors and quantitatively illustrated the dynamics of HIV.Chaos and oscillatory behaviour are intimately linked,and this is owing to the system’s nonlinearity.Furthermore,our findings indicate the most important factors for infection control and prevention.展开更多
In the last forty years,the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health,imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions.Consequently,it becomes imperative to undertake co...In the last forty years,the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health,imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions.Consequently,it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human body.In this work,we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4^(+)T-cells and viruses of HIV,employing the principles of fractional calculus.The production rate of CD4^(+)T-cells,like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age,health status,and the presence of infections or diseases.Therefore,we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our findings.We introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV model.To facilitate a deeper understanding of our system,we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the system.We show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the system.In addition to this,we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input parameters.This information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system,including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.展开更多
文摘It is undeniable that HIV infection has been a censorious public health concern over the past four decades.It is reported that HIV is the main reason for AIDs which has decimated the global population of humans and imposed a significant economic burden on affected areas.Hence,it is significant to study the transmission of HIV viruses in the body of a human host.In this study,we use a fractional framework to organise the intricate interactions of CD4^(+)T-cells and HIV viruses in order to investigate HIV infection with control interventions.We apply the operators of Caputo and Atangana–Baleanu to interrogate the transmission phenomena of HIV viruses.For the analysis of our system,we present the basic concepts of the fractional operators.Numerical schemes are provided to show the solution pathways of the system with the variation of input parameters.Furthermore,the findings emphasise the chaotic and dynamical behaviour of HIV.We run several simulations to visualise the influence of input factors and quantitatively illustrated the dynamics of HIV.Chaos and oscillatory behaviour are intimately linked,and this is owing to the system’s nonlinearity.Furthermore,our findings indicate the most important factors for infection control and prevention.
文摘In the last forty years,the rise of HIV has undoubtedly become a major concern in the field of public health,imposing significant economic burdens on affected regions.Consequently,it becomes imperative to undertake comprehensive investigations into the mechanisms governing the dissemination of HIV within the human body.In this work,we have devised a mathematical model that elucidates the intricate interplay between CD4^(+)T-cells and viruses of HIV,employing the principles of fractional calculus.The production rate of CD4^(+)T-cells,like other immune cells depends on certain factors such as age,health status,and the presence of infections or diseases.Therefore,we incorporate a variable source term in the dynamics of HIV infection with a saturated incidence rate to enhance the precision of our findings.We introduce the fundamental concepts of fractional operators as a means of scrutinizing the proposed HIV model.To facilitate a deeper understanding of our system,we present an iterative scheme that elucidates the trajectories of the solution pathways of the system.We show the time series analysis of our model through numerical findings to conceptualize and understand the key factors of the system.In addition to this,we present the phase portrait and the oscillatory behavior of the system with the variation of different input parameters.This information can be utilized to predict the long-term behavior of the system,including whether it will converge to a steady state or exhibit periodic or chaotic oscillations.
