The flying foxes optimization(FFO)algorithm,as a newly introduced metaheuristic algorithm,is inspired by the survival tactics of flying foxes in heat wave environments.FFO preferentially selects the best-performing in...The flying foxes optimization(FFO)algorithm,as a newly introduced metaheuristic algorithm,is inspired by the survival tactics of flying foxes in heat wave environments.FFO preferentially selects the best-performing individuals.This tendency will cause the newly generated solution to remain closely tied to the candidate optimal in the search area.To address this issue,the paper introduces an opposition-based learning-based search mechanism for FFO algorithm(IFFO).Firstly,this paper introduces niching techniques to improve the survival list method,which not only focuses on the adaptability of individuals but also considers the population’s crowding degree to enhance the global search capability.Secondly,an initialization strategy of opposition-based learning is used to perturb the initial population and elevate its quality.Finally,to verify the superiority of the improved search mechanism,IFFO,FFO and the cutting-edge metaheuristic algorithms are compared and analyzed using a set of test functions.The results prove that compared with other algorithms,IFFO is characterized by its rapid convergence,precise results and robust stability.展开更多
[Objective] This study was conducted to survey the vaccination of foxes against encephalitis in Changli. [Method] A total of 85 fox blood samples were col- lected from four farmers in Changli County. The serum antibod...[Objective] This study was conducted to survey the vaccination of foxes against encephalitis in Changli. [Method] A total of 85 fox blood samples were col- lected from four farmers in Changli County. The serum antibody titer against fox encephalitis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The OD values were measured to determine the presence of CAV-1 antibody in samples. [Result] 93% of the 15 serum samples from Farmer 1, 86% of the 14 serum sam- ples from Farmer 2, 97% of the 30 serum samples from Farmer 3 and 92% of 26 serum samples from farmer 4 were CAV-1 antibody-positive. In summary, among the 85 serum samples from the four farmers, six were CAV-1 antibody-negative, and 79 were CAV-1 antibody-positive, namely 93% of the foxes were successfully immunized. [Conclusion] The results revealed that vaccination against fox encephali- tis in Changli was run well, but the immunization in several foxes should be strengthened.展开更多
Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-strand...Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014;Ge et al. 2018).展开更多
This study evaluated the effects of dietary fat levels on the growth, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and pelt characteristics of the blue fox(Alopex lagopus). Age-matched blue foxes(12 weeks old) with simila...This study evaluated the effects of dietary fat levels on the growth, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and pelt characteristics of the blue fox(Alopex lagopus). Age-matched blue foxes(12 weeks old) with similar body weights were randomly divided into six dietary groups over 98 days, during the growing-furring period. Blue foxes in the six groups were fed with experimental diets containing 10%(groupⅠ), 12%(groupⅡ), 14%(group Ⅲ), 16%(group Ⅳ), 18%(groupⅤ) and 20%(group Ⅵ) fat during the growing period(from 13 weeks to 18 weeks of age);foxes were fed with diets containing 12%(groupⅠ), 14%(groupⅡ), 16%(group Ⅲ), 18%(group Ⅳ), 20%(groupⅤ) and 22%(group Ⅵ) fat during the furring period(from 18 weeks to 26 weeks of age). The results indicated that 16%-18% dietary fat, during the growing period significantly improved nutrient utilization, and as a main energy source, significantly reduced the feed/gain ratio. A dietary fat level of 18%, during the furring period not only improved the growth and development and decreased the feed/gain ratio, but also increased nutrient digestibility and fur quality. These data, combined with data from a conic regression model, showed that dietary fat levels between 16.29% and 18.40%, during the growing period and between 17.72% and 18.72%, during the furring period enhanced the growth performance and fur quality of blue foxes.展开更多
This paper focuses on discussing the power relations among the Hubbards from the perspective of turn-taking analysis.In it, a lot of work about the quantitative turn-taking analysis has been done. And the mentioned da...This paper focuses on discussing the power relations among the Hubbards from the perspective of turn-taking analysis.In it, a lot of work about the quantitative turn-taking analysis has been done. And the mentioned data reflects that there is a close relationship between power and turn-taking.展开更多
Lillian Hellman is a leading figure in 20th century American theatre. Due to the intensity of feeling and the general theme of good vs. evil, her plays are tagged with ＂melodrama＂. However, by examining one of her m...Lillian Hellman is a leading figure in 20th century American theatre. Due to the intensity of feeling and the general theme of good vs. evil, her plays are tagged with ＂melodrama＂. However, by examining one of her masterpieces The Little Foxes, it is revealed that Lillian Hellman transcends the confmes of traditional melodrama by combining the complexity of real life into the pretense of representation, thus making her play forcefully believable.展开更多
A family of foxes has made its home 30ft up in the air at the top of a tree in Suffolk.Donna Martell, from Ipswich, discovered the unlikely den (窝)after noticing a young fox club scaling
An epidemic occurred in a fox farm of Changli County in April, 2015. The clinical symptoms in ill foxes included depression, poor appetite or appetite loss,rough, disorder and dull hair, standing inability, trembling,...An epidemic occurred in a fox farm of Changli County in April, 2015. The clinical symptoms in ill foxes included depression, poor appetite or appetite loss,rough, disorder and dull hair, standing inability, trembling, sunken eyes, decreased skin elasticity, dehydration and loose stools around the anus. When the abdomens of ill foxes were pressed, white or yellow manure flew out from the anuses, and some of the manures contained mucus or blood. The pathological changes included liver enlargement with necrotic lesions, spleen enlargement, lung hemorrhage, kidney enlargement with bleeding spots, thymus hemorrhage and intestinal catarrhal inflammation. The epidemic was finally identified as colibacillosis through clinical symptoms observation, pathological anatomy, biochemical tests and 16 SrRNA amplification.展开更多
The little foxes, Lillian Hellman's most popular piece of drama, is a cynical play which concerns with family greed and revenge. Analyzed from various critical perspectives, The Little Foxes is most prominently st...The little foxes, Lillian Hellman's most popular piece of drama, is a cynical play which concerns with family greed and revenge. Analyzed from various critical perspectives, The Little Foxes is most prominently studied on her political viewpoint. Here this paper is intended to study it from the aspect of women's position in the drama, or more concretely, in that society by the analyzing of the two main women characters: Birdie and Regina, to reveal that whichever kind of life a woman living in the early twentieth chose to live, she would never be "successful".展开更多
[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogenic E. coli strain that caused diarrhea in foxes and to analyze its drug sensitivity.[Methods] A pathogenic E. coli strain was isolated from dead foxes with diarrhea...[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogenic E. coli strain that caused diarrhea in foxes and to analyze its drug sensitivity.[Methods] A pathogenic E. coli strain was isolated from dead foxes with diarrhea. By conventional bacterial isolation and culture, morphological observation, pathogenicity test and K-B disc method, the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli .[Results] The isolated pathogen was highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and lincomycin, moderately sensitive to enrofloxacin, neomycin, gentamycin, spectinomycin, florfenicol, amikacin and polymyxin, and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and doxycycline.[Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in foxes in Qinhuangdao region.展开更多
Several statistic indexes including pelt weight, pelt area, skin thickness, length of hair, fineness of hair and hair density, were adopted in the evaluation of winter pelt quality of blue frost fox and their parents....Several statistic indexes including pelt weight, pelt area, skin thickness, length of hair, fineness of hair and hair density, were adopted in the evaluation of winter pelt quality of blue frost fox and their parents.Results showed that some indexes of qualitative characters of blue frost fox were the medium between blue fox and silver fox, and some were superior to them.展开更多
The aim was to clarify effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding with Ca:P ratios on foot welfare in blue foxes. Experiment was started at weaning on August 6th and finished at pelting on November 26th, 2013. Treat...The aim was to clarify effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding with Ca:P ratios on foot welfare in blue foxes. Experiment was started at weaning on August 6th and finished at pelting on November 26th, 2013. Treatments were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1;3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio control level;4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P-ratio 2.9:1;6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio control level. Body growth variables, feed intake and welfare variables were measured. The behaviour was video recorded. Foreleg carpal joint angle as an indicator of leg weakness and the fox’s ability to move were evaluated. During weeks 32 - 35 and 37 - 47 animals from restricted groups ate 60% - 65% and 67% - 68% of the given feed, respectively. Body weight gain was faster in foxes fed ad libitum than with a restricted diet (P ad libitum groups compared to restricted ones. The body condition score was significantly (P ad libitum animals. Body length was greater for ad libitum than for restricted groups (P ad libitum and restricted groups展开更多
In this study, histopathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, brain and other organs of foxes died of parvovims infection were observed. According to the results, multiple organs of in...In this study, histopathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, brain and other organs of foxes died of parvovims infection were observed. According to the results, multiple organs of infected foxes were congested and hemorrhaged with tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and a series of pathological changes, mainly exhibiting hepatic cell cord rupture, liver cell granular degeneration and fatty degeneration, small intestinal mucous mem- brane shedding, intestinal villi necrosis and shedding, severe hemorrhage of lamina pmpria with inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe small intestinal bleeding. This study laid a solid foundation for clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parvovirus infection in foxes.展开更多
The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feedin...The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (R 2);3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (R 3);4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (AL 1);5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (AL 2);6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (AL 3). Moving difficulties and foreleg bending were evaluated in live animals. At pelting, left foreleg was removed. X-ray pictures were taken from lateral views. Dimensions of ulna and radius were measured from the X-ray pictures. Conditions of carpal joint and elbow joint were visually evaluated. The results showed that final body weight was affected by feeding intensity (P = 0.001). Ad libitum fed animals had more moving difficulties compared to restricted ones (P = 0.001). The Ca:P ratio tended (P = 0.06) to have an effect on feet bending. Bending was greatest in low Ca:P ratio (1.5:1) and, correspondingly, least in high Ca:P ratio (2.9:1). Moving difficulties were most common in heaviest animals. The moving difficulties tended (P = 0.07) to be positively related to feet bending. Maximum width of ulna was lowest in low Ca:P ratio diet (1.5:1). Bending was negatively correlated with maximum width of ulna. It can be concluded that low Ca:P ratio in the diet (1.5:1) increases foreleg bending in juveniles. Moving difficulties are related to foreleg bending and high body weight.展开更多
Tales reflecting homosexual relationships between foxes and humans had appeared as early as the Ming Dynasty.With both the increase in prevalence in society and fictional representation of homosexuality during the Min...Tales reflecting homosexual relationships between foxes and humans had appeared as early as the Ming Dynasty.With both the increase in prevalence in society and fictional representation of homosexuality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the stories of male-male sex between foxes and humans became increasingly popular,demonstrating the popular attitudes toward homosexuality among the Qing literati.In this paper,I analyze late imperial Chinese homosexuality as portrayed in Ji Yun's zhiguai collection uTales of the Thatched Cottage?,(Yuewei Caotang Biji).Zhiguai,or strange tales in English,is a genre of writing featuring ghosts,magical animalhuman shapeshiftings,dreams that intervene in reality,and other supernatural characters and events.These tales are set against a background of strict Confucian orthodoxy and Buddhist beliefs in sexual activity(whether heterosexual or homosexual)as a manifestation of human greed,in a society where everything had its place,in which the boundaries of sexuality were rigidly controlled.I examine what foxes reveal about homosexuality in these tales as they cross the boundary between moral and immoral,healthy and destructive.1 argue that the fox’s homosexual punishment of humanity has two motives:(1)disciplining sexual lasciviousness and(2)karmic retribution for misdeeds in a former life.In these instances,the fox’s ensuing erotic deviancy serves as the vehicle for cautionary tales that demonstrate homosexuality to be a taboo as it punishes greedy desires(sexual or otherwise).展开更多
The rapid progression of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology enables its application across various sectors.However,IoT devices typically acquire inadequate computing power and user interfaces,making them susceptibl...The rapid progression of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology enables its application across various sectors.However,IoT devices typically acquire inadequate computing power and user interfaces,making them susceptible to security threats.One significant risk to cloud networks is Distributed Denial-of-Service(DoS)attacks,where attackers aim to overcome a target system with excessive data and requests.Among these,low-rate DoS(LR-DoS)attacks present a particular challenge to detection.By sending bursts of attacks at irregular intervals,LR-DoS significantly degrades the targeted system’s Quality of Service(QoS).The low-rate nature of these attacks confuses their detection,as they frequently trigger congestion control mechanisms,leading to significant instability in IoT systems.Therefore,to detect the LR-DoS attack,an innovative deep-learning model has been developed for this research work.The standard dataset is utilized to collect the required data.Further,the deep feature extraction process is executed using the Residual Autoencoder with Sparse Attention(ResAE-SA),which helps derive the significant feature required for detection.Ultimately,the Adaptive Dense Recurrent Neural Network(ADRNN)is implemented to detect LR-DoS effectively.To enhance the detection process,the parameters present in the ADRNN are optimized using the Renovated Random Attribute-based Fennec Fox Optimization(RRA-FFA).The proposed optimization reduces the False Discovery Rate and False Positive Rate,maximizing the Matthews Correlation Coefficient from 23,70.8,76.2,84.28 in Dataset 1 and 70.28,73.8,74.1,82.6 in Dataset 2 on EPC-ADRNN,DPO-ADRNN,GTO-ADRNN,FFA-ADRNN respectively to 95.8 on Dataset 1 and 91.7 on Dataset 2 in proposed model.At batch size 4,the accuracy of the designed RRA-FFA-ADRNN model progressed by 9.2%to GTO-ADRNN,11.6%to EFC-ADRNN,10.9%to DPO-ADRNN,and 4%to FFA-ADRNN for Dataset 1.The accuracy of the proposed RRA-FFA-ADRNN is boosted by 12.9%,9.09%,11.6%,and 10.9%over FFCNN,SVM,RNN,and DRNN,using Dataset 2,showing a better improvement in accuracy with that of the proposed RRA-FFA-ADRNN model with 95.7%using Dataset 1 and 94.1%with Dataset 2,which is better than the existing baseline models.展开更多
The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of femal...The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of female blue foxes. One hundred primiparous female blue foxes that were similar in breeding date, pedigree, age, and weight were selected for the trial. The foxes were randomly assigned to four groups(n = 25 each group) and fed diets supplemented with Met at 2(Met2), 4(Met4), 6(Met6)and 8 g/kg(Met8), respectively, for 40 days. Our data showed that body weights at 20 and 40 d were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met2 group(P < 0.05). The Met4 group also had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the Met2, Met6, or Met8 group(P< 0.05). The serum Met and isoleucine(Ile) concentrations were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met6 or Met8 group(P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that supplementary Met improves growth performance of cubs likely due to increased crude protein and dry matter and increased nitrogen retention of female blue foxes. The optimal amount of Met supplementation is10 g/kg basal diet.展开更多
基金support from the Ningxia Natural Science Foundation Project(2023AAC03361).
文摘The flying foxes optimization(FFO)algorithm,as a newly introduced metaheuristic algorithm,is inspired by the survival tactics of flying foxes in heat wave environments.FFO preferentially selects the best-performing individuals.This tendency will cause the newly generated solution to remain closely tied to the candidate optimal in the search area.To address this issue,the paper introduces an opposition-based learning-based search mechanism for FFO algorithm(IFFO).Firstly,this paper introduces niching techniques to improve the survival list method,which not only focuses on the adaptability of individuals but also considers the population’s crowding degree to enhance the global search capability.Secondly,an initialization strategy of opposition-based learning is used to perturb the initial population and elevate its quality.Finally,to verify the superiority of the improved search mechanism,IFFO,FFO and the cutting-edge metaheuristic algorithms are compared and analyzed using a set of test functions.The results prove that compared with other algorithms,IFFO is characterized by its rapid convergence,precise results and robust stability.
基金Supported by Key Technology Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(10960408D,14826613D)Key Technology Research and Development Program of Shijiazhuang Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(09150923A)+1 种基金Fund from Department of Education of Hebei Province(Z2007212)Fund from Qinhuangdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014-04)~~
文摘[Objective] This study was conducted to survey the vaccination of foxes against encephalitis in Changli. [Method] A total of 85 fox blood samples were col- lected from four farmers in Changli County. The serum antibody titer against fox encephalitis was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA）. The OD values were measured to determine the presence of CAV-1 antibody in samples. [Result] 93% of the 15 serum samples from Farmer 1, 86% of the 14 serum sam- ples from Farmer 2, 97% of the 30 serum samples from Farmer 3 and 92% of 26 serum samples from farmer 4 were CAV-1 antibody-positive. In summary, among the 85 serum samples from the four farmers, six were CAV-1 antibody-negative, and 79 were CAV-1 antibody-positive, namely 93% of the foxes were successfully immunized. [Conclusion] The results revealed that vaccination against fox encephali- tis in Changli was run well, but the immunization in several foxes should be strengthened.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2017YFD0500103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 31772747)+2 种基金the Science and Technology Development Project of Jilin Province (No. 20170623043TC)the Program for JLU Science and Technology Innovative Research Team (JLUSTIRT, No. 2017TD-28)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities
文摘Dear Editor,Mink circovirus (MiCV), which is clustered in the genus Circovirus of the family Circoviridae, was first described in minks from farms in Dalian, China in 2013 (Lian et al.2014). The complete single-stranded circular genome of the virus is 1,753 nucleotides long and contains two major open reading frames (ORFs), designated ORF1 (Rep gene)and ORF2 (Cap gene)(Lian et al. 2014;Ge et al. 2018).
基金Supported by the Harbin Applied Technology Research and Development Project(2016RAXXJ015)
文摘This study evaluated the effects of dietary fat levels on the growth, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen balance and pelt characteristics of the blue fox(Alopex lagopus). Age-matched blue foxes(12 weeks old) with similar body weights were randomly divided into six dietary groups over 98 days, during the growing-furring period. Blue foxes in the six groups were fed with experimental diets containing 10%(groupⅠ), 12%(groupⅡ), 14%(group Ⅲ), 16%(group Ⅳ), 18%(groupⅤ) and 20%(group Ⅵ) fat during the growing period(from 13 weeks to 18 weeks of age);foxes were fed with diets containing 12%(groupⅠ), 14%(groupⅡ), 16%(group Ⅲ), 18%(group Ⅳ), 20%(groupⅤ) and 22%(group Ⅵ) fat during the furring period(from 18 weeks to 26 weeks of age). The results indicated that 16%-18% dietary fat, during the growing period significantly improved nutrient utilization, and as a main energy source, significantly reduced the feed/gain ratio. A dietary fat level of 18%, during the furring period not only improved the growth and development and decreased the feed/gain ratio, but also increased nutrient digestibility and fur quality. These data, combined with data from a conic regression model, showed that dietary fat levels between 16.29% and 18.40%, during the growing period and between 17.72% and 18.72%, during the furring period enhanced the growth performance and fur quality of blue foxes.
文摘This paper focuses on discussing the power relations among the Hubbards from the perspective of turn-taking analysis.In it, a lot of work about the quantitative turn-taking analysis has been done. And the mentioned data reflects that there is a close relationship between power and turn-taking.
文摘Lillian Hellman is a leading figure in 20th century American theatre. Due to the intensity of feeling and the general theme of good vs. evil, her plays are tagged with ＂melodrama＂. However, by examining one of her masterpieces The Little Foxes, it is revealed that Lillian Hellman transcends the confmes of traditional melodrama by combining the complexity of real life into the pretense of representation, thus making her play forcefully believable.
文摘A family of foxes has made its home 30ft up in the air at the top of a tree in Suffolk.Donna Martell, from Ipswich, discovered the unlikely den (窝)after noticing a young fox club scaling
基金Supported by National Spark Program of China(2015GA620002)Hebei Province Science and Technology Support Program(14826613D)+1 种基金Project of Qinhuangdao City Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014-04)Project of Qinhuangdao Science and Technology Bureau(201502A054)~~
文摘An epidemic occurred in a fox farm of Changli County in April, 2015. The clinical symptoms in ill foxes included depression, poor appetite or appetite loss,rough, disorder and dull hair, standing inability, trembling, sunken eyes, decreased skin elasticity, dehydration and loose stools around the anus. When the abdomens of ill foxes were pressed, white or yellow manure flew out from the anuses, and some of the manures contained mucus or blood. The pathological changes included liver enlargement with necrotic lesions, spleen enlargement, lung hemorrhage, kidney enlargement with bleeding spots, thymus hemorrhage and intestinal catarrhal inflammation. The epidemic was finally identified as colibacillosis through clinical symptoms observation, pathological anatomy, biochemical tests and 16 SrRNA amplification.
文摘The little foxes, Lillian Hellman's most popular piece of drama, is a cynical play which concerns with family greed and revenge. Analyzed from various critical perspectives, The Little Foxes is most prominently studied on her political viewpoint. Here this paper is intended to study it from the aspect of women's position in the drama, or more concretely, in that society by the analyzing of the two main women characters: Birdie and Regina, to reveal that whichever kind of life a woman living in the early twentieth chose to live, she would never be "successful".
基金Supported by Project of Hebei Education Department(ZD2017234)Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Shijiazhuang(171500953A)Project of Science and Technology Bureau of Qinhuangdao(201602A046)
文摘[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogenic E. coli strain that caused diarrhea in foxes and to analyze its drug sensitivity.[Methods] A pathogenic E. coli strain was isolated from dead foxes with diarrhea. By conventional bacterial isolation and culture, morphological observation, pathogenicity test and K-B disc method, the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli .[Results] The isolated pathogen was highly sensitive to ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin and lincomycin, moderately sensitive to enrofloxacin, neomycin, gentamycin, spectinomycin, florfenicol, amikacin and polymyxin, and resistant to ampicillin, amoxicillin and doxycycline.[Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of diarrheal diseases in foxes in Qinhuangdao region.
文摘Several statistic indexes including pelt weight, pelt area, skin thickness, length of hair, fineness of hair and hair density, were adopted in the evaluation of winter pelt quality of blue frost fox and their parents.Results showed that some indexes of qualitative characters of blue frost fox were the medium between blue fox and silver fox, and some were superior to them.
文摘The aim was to clarify effects of ad libitum and restricted feeding with Ca:P ratios on foot welfare in blue foxes. Experiment was started at weaning on August 6th and finished at pelting on November 26th, 2013. Treatments were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1;3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio control level;4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1;5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P-ratio 2.9:1;6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio control level. Body growth variables, feed intake and welfare variables were measured. The behaviour was video recorded. Foreleg carpal joint angle as an indicator of leg weakness and the fox’s ability to move were evaluated. During weeks 32 - 35 and 37 - 47 animals from restricted groups ate 60% - 65% and 67% - 68% of the given feed, respectively. Body weight gain was faster in foxes fed ad libitum than with a restricted diet (P ad libitum groups compared to restricted ones. The body condition score was significantly (P ad libitum animals. Body length was greater for ad libitum than for restricted groups (P ad libitum and restricted groups
基金Supported by Science and Technology Support Program of Science and Technology Department of Hebei Province(14826613D)Project of Qinhuangdao Academy of Agricultural Sciences(2014-04)Project of Qinghuangdao Municipal Science and Technology Bureau(201502A054)
文摘In this study, histopathological changes in the heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, intestine, brain and other organs of foxes died of parvovims infection were observed. According to the results, multiple organs of infected foxes were congested and hemorrhaged with tissue damage, inflammatory cell infiltration and a series of pathological changes, mainly exhibiting hepatic cell cord rupture, liver cell granular degeneration and fatty degeneration, small intestinal mucous mem- brane shedding, intestinal villi necrosis and shedding, severe hemorrhage of lamina pmpria with inflammatory cell infiltration, and severe small intestinal bleeding. This study laid a solid foundation for clinical diagnosis, prevention and treatment of parvovirus infection in foxes.
文摘The aim was to compare radiographic X-ray data to foreleg bending, moving difficulties and body size in juvenile blue foxes. Experimental groups were: 1) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (R 1);2) restricted feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (R 2);3) restricted feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (R 3);4) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 1.5:1 (AL 1);5) ad libitum feeding, Ca:P ratio 2.9:1 (AL 2);6) ad libitum feeding Ca:P ratio 2.0:1 control level (AL 3). Moving difficulties and foreleg bending were evaluated in live animals. At pelting, left foreleg was removed. X-ray pictures were taken from lateral views. Dimensions of ulna and radius were measured from the X-ray pictures. Conditions of carpal joint and elbow joint were visually evaluated. The results showed that final body weight was affected by feeding intensity (P = 0.001). Ad libitum fed animals had more moving difficulties compared to restricted ones (P = 0.001). The Ca:P ratio tended (P = 0.06) to have an effect on feet bending. Bending was greatest in low Ca:P ratio (1.5:1) and, correspondingly, least in high Ca:P ratio (2.9:1). Moving difficulties were most common in heaviest animals. The moving difficulties tended (P = 0.07) to be positively related to feet bending. Maximum width of ulna was lowest in low Ca:P ratio diet (1.5:1). Bending was negatively correlated with maximum width of ulna. It can be concluded that low Ca:P ratio in the diet (1.5:1) increases foreleg bending in juveniles. Moving difficulties are related to foreleg bending and high body weight.
文摘Tales reflecting homosexual relationships between foxes and humans had appeared as early as the Ming Dynasty.With both the increase in prevalence in society and fictional representation of homosexuality during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the stories of male-male sex between foxes and humans became increasingly popular,demonstrating the popular attitudes toward homosexuality among the Qing literati.In this paper,I analyze late imperial Chinese homosexuality as portrayed in Ji Yun's zhiguai collection uTales of the Thatched Cottage?,(Yuewei Caotang Biji).Zhiguai,or strange tales in English,is a genre of writing featuring ghosts,magical animalhuman shapeshiftings,dreams that intervene in reality,and other supernatural characters and events.These tales are set against a background of strict Confucian orthodoxy and Buddhist beliefs in sexual activity(whether heterosexual or homosexual)as a manifestation of human greed,in a society where everything had its place,in which the boundaries of sexuality were rigidly controlled.I examine what foxes reveal about homosexuality in these tales as they cross the boundary between moral and immoral,healthy and destructive.1 argue that the fox’s homosexual punishment of humanity has two motives:(1)disciplining sexual lasciviousness and(2)karmic retribution for misdeeds in a former life.In these instances,the fox’s ensuing erotic deviancy serves as the vehicle for cautionary tales that demonstrate homosexuality to be a taboo as it punishes greedy desires(sexual or otherwise).
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education Malaysia,Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS),FRGS/1/2024/ICT07/UPNM/02/1.
文摘The rapid progression of the Internet of Things(IoT)technology enables its application across various sectors.However,IoT devices typically acquire inadequate computing power and user interfaces,making them susceptible to security threats.One significant risk to cloud networks is Distributed Denial-of-Service(DoS)attacks,where attackers aim to overcome a target system with excessive data and requests.Among these,low-rate DoS(LR-DoS)attacks present a particular challenge to detection.By sending bursts of attacks at irregular intervals,LR-DoS significantly degrades the targeted system’s Quality of Service(QoS).The low-rate nature of these attacks confuses their detection,as they frequently trigger congestion control mechanisms,leading to significant instability in IoT systems.Therefore,to detect the LR-DoS attack,an innovative deep-learning model has been developed for this research work.The standard dataset is utilized to collect the required data.Further,the deep feature extraction process is executed using the Residual Autoencoder with Sparse Attention(ResAE-SA),which helps derive the significant feature required for detection.Ultimately,the Adaptive Dense Recurrent Neural Network(ADRNN)is implemented to detect LR-DoS effectively.To enhance the detection process,the parameters present in the ADRNN are optimized using the Renovated Random Attribute-based Fennec Fox Optimization(RRA-FFA).The proposed optimization reduces the False Discovery Rate and False Positive Rate,maximizing the Matthews Correlation Coefficient from 23,70.8,76.2,84.28 in Dataset 1 and 70.28,73.8,74.1,82.6 in Dataset 2 on EPC-ADRNN,DPO-ADRNN,GTO-ADRNN,FFA-ADRNN respectively to 95.8 on Dataset 1 and 91.7 on Dataset 2 in proposed model.At batch size 4,the accuracy of the designed RRA-FFA-ADRNN model progressed by 9.2%to GTO-ADRNN,11.6%to EFC-ADRNN,10.9%to DPO-ADRNN,and 4%to FFA-ADRNN for Dataset 1.The accuracy of the proposed RRA-FFA-ADRNN is boosted by 12.9%,9.09%,11.6%,and 10.9%over FFCNN,SVM,RNN,and DRNN,using Dataset 2,showing a better improvement in accuracy with that of the proposed RRA-FFA-ADRNN model with 95.7%using Dataset 1 and 94.1%with Dataset 2,which is better than the existing baseline models.
文摘The objective of the present study was to investigate the effects of methionine(Met) supplementation on growth performance of cubs, nutrient digestibility, nitrogen metabolism and serum biochemical parameters of female blue foxes. One hundred primiparous female blue foxes that were similar in breeding date, pedigree, age, and weight were selected for the trial. The foxes were randomly assigned to four groups(n = 25 each group) and fed diets supplemented with Met at 2(Met2), 4(Met4), 6(Met6)and 8 g/kg(Met8), respectively, for 40 days. Our data showed that body weights at 20 and 40 d were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met2 group(P < 0.05). The Met4 group also had the highest apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude protein compared with either the Met2, Met6, or Met8 group(P< 0.05). The serum Met and isoleucine(Ile) concentrations were significantly higher in the Met4 group than in the Met6 or Met8 group(P < 0.05). In summary, these data indicate that supplementary Met improves growth performance of cubs likely due to increased crude protein and dry matter and increased nitrogen retention of female blue foxes. The optimal amount of Met supplementation is10 g/kg basal diet.
