This study identifies the potential role in heat-stress mitigation of phytohormones and other secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LWL1 in japonica rice cultivar Dongjin. The j...This study identifies the potential role in heat-stress mitigation of phytohormones and other secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LWL1 in japonica rice cultivar Dongjin. The japonica rice was grown in controlled chamber conditions with and without P. formosus LWL1 under no stress （NS） and prolonged heat stress （HS） conditions. Endophytic association under NS and HS conditions significantly improved plant growth attributes, such as plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, P. for- mosus LWL1 protected the rice plants from HS compared with controls, indicated by the lower endogenous level of stress-signaling compounds such as abscisic acid （25.71%） and jasmonic acid （34.57%） and the increase in total protein content （18.76%-33.22%）. Such fungal endophytes may be helpful for sustainable crop production under high environmental temperatures.展开更多
Sceloporus lizards depend on external heat to achieve their preferred temperature(Tsel)for performing physiological processes.Evidence both in the field and laboratory indicates that pregnant females of this Genus sel...Sceloporus lizards depend on external heat to achieve their preferred temperature(Tsel)for performing physiological processes.Evidence both in the field and laboratory indicates that pregnant females of this Genus select body temperatures(Tb)lower than 34℃ as higher temperatures may be lethal to embryos.Therefore,thermoregulation is crucial for successful embryo development.Given the increase in global air temperature,it is expected that the first compensatory response of species that inhabit tropical climates will be behavioral thermoregulation.We tested whether viviparous Sceloporus formosus group lizards in the wild exhibited differences in thermoregulatory behavior to achieve the known Tsel for developing embryos regardless of local thermal conditions.We quantified field active body temperature,thermoregulatory behavior mechanisms(time of sighting,microhabitat used and basking time)and available microhabitat thermal conditions(i.e.operative temperature)for 10 lizard species during gestation,distributed along an altitudinal gradient.We applied both conventional and phylogenic analyses to explore whether Tb or behavioral thermoregulation could be regulated in response to different thermal conditions.These species showed no significant differences in field Tb during gestation regardless of local thermal conditions.In contrast,they exhibited significant differences in their behavioral thermoregulation associated with local environmental conditions.Based on these observations,the differences in thermoregulatory behavior identified are interpreted as compensatory adjustments to local thermal conditions.We conclude that these species may deal with higher temperatures predicted for the tropics by modulating their thermoregulatory behavior.展开更多
基金supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)Ministry of Science,ICT and Future-Planning through Basic-Science Research Program(No.2014R1A1A2A10058022)
文摘This study identifies the potential role in heat-stress mitigation of phytohormones and other secondary metabolites produced by the endophytic fungus Paecilomyces formosus LWL1 in japonica rice cultivar Dongjin. The japonica rice was grown in controlled chamber conditions with and without P. formosus LWL1 under no stress （NS） and prolonged heat stress （HS） conditions. Endophytic association under NS and HS conditions significantly improved plant growth attributes, such as plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Furthermore, P. for- mosus LWL1 protected the rice plants from HS compared with controls, indicated by the lower endogenous level of stress-signaling compounds such as abscisic acid （25.71%） and jasmonic acid （34.57%） and the increase in total protein content （18.76%-33.22%）. Such fungal endophytes may be helpful for sustainable crop production under high environmental temperatures.
基金supported by the Programa de Apoyo a Proyectos de Investigación e Innovación Tecnológica(PAPIIT)of the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(Project number:IN221208)the Consejo Nacional para la Ciencia y la Tecnología(CONACYT)and also partially supported by a National Science Foundation grant(DEB-0416160[ENS])An Instituto Bioclon(ENS)Permit for field work in all locations was issued by Secretaria de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales(SEMARNAT GPA/DGVS/04949).
文摘Sceloporus lizards depend on external heat to achieve their preferred temperature(Tsel)for performing physiological processes.Evidence both in the field and laboratory indicates that pregnant females of this Genus select body temperatures(Tb)lower than 34℃ as higher temperatures may be lethal to embryos.Therefore,thermoregulation is crucial for successful embryo development.Given the increase in global air temperature,it is expected that the first compensatory response of species that inhabit tropical climates will be behavioral thermoregulation.We tested whether viviparous Sceloporus formosus group lizards in the wild exhibited differences in thermoregulatory behavior to achieve the known Tsel for developing embryos regardless of local thermal conditions.We quantified field active body temperature,thermoregulatory behavior mechanisms(time of sighting,microhabitat used and basking time)and available microhabitat thermal conditions(i.e.operative temperature)for 10 lizard species during gestation,distributed along an altitudinal gradient.We applied both conventional and phylogenic analyses to explore whether Tb or behavioral thermoregulation could be regulated in response to different thermal conditions.These species showed no significant differences in field Tb during gestation regardless of local thermal conditions.In contrast,they exhibited significant differences in their behavioral thermoregulation associated with local environmental conditions.Based on these observations,the differences in thermoregulatory behavior identified are interpreted as compensatory adjustments to local thermal conditions.We conclude that these species may deal with higher temperatures predicted for the tropics by modulating their thermoregulatory behavior.
