Considérée souvent en France comme discontinue,la transition du bati urbain-rural est largement envisagécomme continue au niveau international.Si la question de la forme urbaine n’est donc,aujourd’hui...Considérée souvent en France comme discontinue,la transition du bati urbain-rural est largement envisagécomme continue au niveau international.Si la question de la forme urbaine n’est donc,aujourd’hui,plus en suspens du fait des très nombreusesétudesàl’échelle internationale,la limite urbain périurbain et rural isoléconvient d’être néanmoins encore réinterrogée.La notion de proxémique développée dans les années 1970,pourrait permettre une résolution du problème.Utiliser cette notion pour revoir la métrique géographique pourrait permettre de réviser la limite urbain-campagne et raisonner alors sur un espace continu au-delàmême des limites du périurbain.展开更多
AIM:To explore the significance of corneal epithelial thickness analysis in diagnosing early keratoconus.METHODS:There were 26 clinical keratoconus,21 forme fruste keratoconus,40 high corneal astigmatism(ΔK)and 40 l...AIM:To explore the significance of corneal epithelial thickness analysis in diagnosing early keratoconus.METHODS:There were 26 clinical keratoconus,21 forme fruste keratoconus,40 high corneal astigmatism(ΔK)and 40 low ΔK eyes involved in the study.Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness of four groups.The morphological features of topographic map and the thickness of corneal epithelial thinnest point were analyzed.The distribution curve of corneal epithelial thickness at 45°,90°,and 135° axial directions that are through the pupil center was also analyzed.One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the data.RESULTS:The topographic map of forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelial thickness was uniformity shape;crater shape existed only in clinical keratoconus group;and central island shape mainly existed in highΔK group.The thinnest point of corneal epithelial thickness of forme fruste keratoconus group was significantly lower than that of low ΔK group(P=0.022).The thickness of corneal epithelium in the forme fruste keratoconus at 90°was thinner than that in the low astigmatism group at -1,and -2 mm points(P_(-1mm)=0.015,P_(-2mm)=0.036).CONCLUSION:The analysis of the thinnest point in forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelium appears earlier than corneal epithelial remodeling.The topographic map of corneal epithelium in high ΔK eyes appears in central island shape,and can be used for the differential diagnosis of early keratoconus.展开更多
AIMTo examine the occurrence of commonly known clinical signs of keratoconus (KC), i.e. Fleischer ring, prominent corneal nerves and thinning, among unaffected family members of KC patients and healthy control individ...AIMTo examine the occurrence of commonly known clinical signs of keratoconus (KC), i.e. Fleischer ring, prominent corneal nerves and thinning, among unaffected family members of KC patients and healthy control individuals.METHODSData of both eyes of 117 relatives of KC patients having no manifest disease based on videokeratography indices (KC relatives), and 142 controls were used for Pearson correlation and t-test statistics. Correlation of Fleischer ring, prominent corneal nerves and central pachymetry data were tested with each other and with videokeratography indices (KSI, KISA, 3 and 6 mm Fourier asymmetry, and I-S).RESULTSA moderate correlation was found between Fleischer ring and all examined topographical indices. Most important correlation was present with 6 mm Fourier asymmetry, and corneal pachymetry (r=0.272, P<0.001; r=-0.234, P=0.027, respectively). Similar correlations were found with prominent corneal nerves (r=0.234, P<0.001 for 6 mm Fourier asymmetry and r=-0.235, P=0.0265 for pachymetry). KC family members who exhibited Fleischer ring or prominent nerves had thinner and more asymmetric corneas than those without Fleischer ring or prominent corneal nerves (P<0.05 for pachymetry and topographic indices with t-test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test). Though rarely, Fleischer ring and prominent corneal nerves occurred among normal controls, indicating the existence of forme fruste cases in the normal population. Control subjects, who had corneal Fleischer ring or prominent nerves had corneas more similar to KC than other controls (t-test: increased KSI and KISA, P=0.048 and 0.012, respectively).CONCLUSIONIn KC family members and healthy individuals, Fleischer ring and prominent corneal nerves are associated with features of KC and may suggest a possibility of forme fruste KC. Searching for the possible presence of Fleischer ring or prominent nerves on the cornea may help in the decision whether or not to diagnose subclinical KC in a borderline case.展开更多
AIMTo evaluate and compare corneal biomechanical findings measured by ocular response analyzer, topographic and pachymetric findings in patients with unilateral keratoconus patients and healthy controls.METHODSThis is...AIMTo evaluate and compare corneal biomechanical findings measured by ocular response analyzer, topographic and pachymetric findings in patients with unilateral keratoconus patients and healthy controls.METHODSThis is an observational, case-control study. Patients with keratoconus in one eye and forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eye were compared with sex and age matched with controls healthy subjects. All subjects were evaluated with rotating scheimpflug imaging system. The receiver-operating-characteristic curves were analyzed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters.RESULTSTwenty-seven patients with keratoconus in one eye and forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eye were compared with 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects. Corneal hysteresis (CH) was 8.0±1.7 mm Hg in keratoconus group, 8.3±1.6 mm Hg in forme fruste keratoconus group, and 9.8±1.6 mm Hg in control groups (P=0.54 between keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus groups, P<0.01 between control group and other groups). Corneal resistance factor (CRF) was 7.1±2.2 mm Hg in keratoconus group, 7.8±1.2 mm Hg in forme fruste keratoconus group and 9.9±1.5 mm Hg in control group (P<0.001 between control group and other groups). Using receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, the area under curve values of the parameters to distinguish forme fruste keratoconus from control subjects were: CH (0.768), CRF (0.866). Best cut-off points were 9.3 mm Hg and 8.8 mm Hg for CH and CRF respectively.CONCLUSIONOcular response analyzer parameters (CH and CRF) are found to be significantly lower in forme fruste keratoconus patients compared to normal control subjects.展开更多
We report a case of a 21-year-old male patient who underwent corneal cross-linking (CXL) due to bilateral progressive keratoconus. Topographical screening of his family members was performed for the detection of possi...We report a case of a 21-year-old male patient who underwent corneal cross-linking (CXL) due to bilateral progressive keratoconus. Topographical screening of his family members was performed for the detection of possible familial keratoconus and showed abnormal topographical patterns resembling to Forme Fruste Keratoconus (FFK) in all the members of his family. The reported keratoconic patient that underwent CXL was the only individual of this family that referred eye rubbing in his personal ocular history;ocular and medical history of the other family members was clear. Eye rubbing could be a possible adjuvant risk factor that contributes to conversion of FFK to clinical progressive keratoconus.展开更多
The time after the Civil War until the end of the First WorldWar was an important period in American history.During this periodAmerica witnessed not only the great development in industry andagriculture but also the w...The time after the Civil War until the end of the First WorldWar was an important period in American history.During this periodAmerica witnessed not only the great development in industry andagriculture but also the world war.The forces that have made Americaan affluent one materially have been working toward the disruptionof the family,and especially the disillusionment against the展开更多
我这一生大概能活10到15年,和你分别是件无比痛苦的事。My life likely to last ten to fifteen years.Any separation from you will be painful for me.Remember that before you buy me.在给我命令时请给我理解的时间,别对我发脾气,...我这一生大概能活10到15年,和你分别是件无比痛苦的事。My life likely to last ten to fifteen years.Any separation from you will be painful for me.Remember that before you buy me.在给我命令时请给我理解的时间,别对我发脾气,虽然我一定会原谅你的,你的耐心和理解能让我学得更快。Give me time to understand what you want of me.展开更多
Consider the multiple regression model yi=β1xi1+…+βpxip+ei i=1, 2,…, （1） where xij are known constants, β1, …,βp are unknown parameters, and ei. are unobservable random variables. Throughout the sequel let Xn...Consider the multiple regression model yi=β1xi1+…+βpxip+ei i=1, 2,…, （1） where xij are known constants, β1, …,βp are unknown parameters, and ei. are unobservable random variables. Throughout the sequel let Xn denote the design matrix (xij)1≤i≤,1≤j≤p, and let Yn=（y1,…, yn）’, and β=（β1,…,βp）’. For n≥p,展开更多
Background:To compare the dynamic corneal response(DCR)and tomographic parameters of thin normal cornea(TNC)with thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)(≤500μm),forme fruste keratoconus(FFKC)and mild keratoconus(MKC)had the...Background:To compare the dynamic corneal response(DCR)and tomographic parameters of thin normal cornea(TNC)with thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)(≤500μm),forme fruste keratoconus(FFKC)and mild keratoconus(MKC)had their central corneal thickness(CCT)matched by Scheimpflug imaging(Pentacam)and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).Methods:CCT were matched in 50 eyes with FFKC,50 eyes with MKC,and 53 TNC eyes with TCT≤500μm.The differences in DCR and tomographic parameters among the three groups were compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of these parameters.Back propagation(BP)neural network was used to establish the keratoconus diagnosis model.Results:Fifty CCT-matched FFKC eyes,50 MKC eyes and 50 TNC eyes were included.The age and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure(bIOP)did not differ significantly among the three groups(all P>0.05).The index of height asymmetry(IHA)and height decentration(IHD)differed significantly among the three groups(all P<0.05).IHD also had sufficient strength(area under the ROC curves(AUC)>0.80)to differentiate FFKC and MKC from TNC eyes.Partial DCR parameters showed significant differences between the MKC and TNC groups,and the deflection amplitude of the first applanation(A1DA)showed a good potential to differentiate(AUC>0.70)FFKC and MKC from TNC eyes.Diagnosis model by BP neural network showed an accurate diagnostic efficiency of about 91%.Conclusions:The majority of the tomographic and DCR parameters differed among the three groups.The IHD and partial DCR parameters assessed by Corvis ST distinguished FFKC and MKC from TNC when controlled for CCT.展开更多
Quel est le divertissement le plus populaire sur Internet depuis aot 2009 en Chine ? Ce serait le Micro Blog du site web Sina.Avec 100 millions d’utilisateurs, ce Micro Blog est une
La méthode de la Balance Harmonique est une méthode très effective pour le traitement des problèmes non-linéaires dans la théorie classique du contr(?)le. Une idée fondamentale de la...La méthode de la Balance Harmonique est une méthode très effective pour le traitement des problèmes non-linéaires dans la théorie classique du contr(?)le. Une idée fondamentale de la méthode consiste du jugement de l’existence d’une solution périodique d’une équation originale à la base de l’existence d’une solution lériodique d’une équation approximative. Cette méthode de l’ingénieur était auparavant dépourvue d’une démonstration rigoureuse. A. I. Mees et des autres auteurs ont fourni展开更多
Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Dans des travaux précédentst, nous avons analysé l’influence de la convection naturelle sur une convection forcée de vitesse constante au-dessus d’une surface plane indinée ...Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Dans des travaux précédentst, nous avons analysé l’influence de la convection naturelle sur une convection forcée de vitesse constante au-dessus d’une surface plane indinée soumise à, un flux de rayonnement de densité constante. Plus précisément, nous avons déterminé dans la couche limite les distributions des vitesses et de la température, puis calculé les valeurs locales du nombre de Nusselt et du coefficient de frottement.展开更多
De plus en plus,il m'apparat que l'analyse est illusoire. Elle ne permet pas d'approcher. Elle ne permet pas de connatre. Elle n'est qu'un système,qu'une facette de la vérité...De plus en plus,il m'apparat que l'analyse est illusoire. Elle ne permet pas d'approcher. Elle ne permet pas de connatre. Elle n'est qu'un système,qu'une facette de la vérité entrevue par l'homme. Pour connatre,on ne saurait se passer d'elle,et cependant,pour connatre,il faut la dépasser.展开更多
文摘Considérée souvent en France comme discontinue,la transition du bati urbain-rural est largement envisagécomme continue au niveau international.Si la question de la forme urbaine n’est donc,aujourd’hui,plus en suspens du fait des très nombreusesétudesàl’échelle internationale,la limite urbain périurbain et rural isoléconvient d’être néanmoins encore réinterrogée.La notion de proxémique développée dans les années 1970,pourrait permettre une résolution du problème.Utiliser cette notion pour revoir la métrique géographique pourrait permettre de réviser la limite urbain-campagne et raisonner alors sur un espace continu au-delàmême des limites du périurbain.
文摘AIM:To explore the significance of corneal epithelial thickness analysis in diagnosing early keratoconus.METHODS:There were 26 clinical keratoconus,21 forme fruste keratoconus,40 high corneal astigmatism(ΔK)and 40 low ΔK eyes involved in the study.Fourierdomain optical coherence tomography was used to measure the corneal epithelial thickness of four groups.The morphological features of topographic map and the thickness of corneal epithelial thinnest point were analyzed.The distribution curve of corneal epithelial thickness at 45°,90°,and 135° axial directions that are through the pupil center was also analyzed.One-way ANOVA was performed to compare the data.RESULTS:The topographic map of forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelial thickness was uniformity shape;crater shape existed only in clinical keratoconus group;and central island shape mainly existed in highΔK group.The thinnest point of corneal epithelial thickness of forme fruste keratoconus group was significantly lower than that of low ΔK group(P=0.022).The thickness of corneal epithelium in the forme fruste keratoconus at 90°was thinner than that in the low astigmatism group at -1,and -2 mm points(P_(-1mm)=0.015,P_(-2mm)=0.036).CONCLUSION:The analysis of the thinnest point in forme fruste keratoconus corneal epithelium appears earlier than corneal epithelial remodeling.The topographic map of corneal epithelium in high ΔK eyes appears in central island shape,and can be used for the differential diagnosis of early keratoconus.
基金Supported by Hungarian National Research Fund Grants OTKA F046321 and TAMOP-4.2.1/B-09/1/KONV-2010-0007
文摘AIMTo examine the occurrence of commonly known clinical signs of keratoconus (KC), i.e. Fleischer ring, prominent corneal nerves and thinning, among unaffected family members of KC patients and healthy control individuals.METHODSData of both eyes of 117 relatives of KC patients having no manifest disease based on videokeratography indices (KC relatives), and 142 controls were used for Pearson correlation and t-test statistics. Correlation of Fleischer ring, prominent corneal nerves and central pachymetry data were tested with each other and with videokeratography indices (KSI, KISA, 3 and 6 mm Fourier asymmetry, and I-S).RESULTSA moderate correlation was found between Fleischer ring and all examined topographical indices. Most important correlation was present with 6 mm Fourier asymmetry, and corneal pachymetry (r=0.272, P<0.001; r=-0.234, P=0.027, respectively). Similar correlations were found with prominent corneal nerves (r=0.234, P<0.001 for 6 mm Fourier asymmetry and r=-0.235, P=0.0265 for pachymetry). KC family members who exhibited Fleischer ring or prominent nerves had thinner and more asymmetric corneas than those without Fleischer ring or prominent corneal nerves (P<0.05 for pachymetry and topographic indices with t-test and Mann-Whitney rank sum test). Though rarely, Fleischer ring and prominent corneal nerves occurred among normal controls, indicating the existence of forme fruste cases in the normal population. Control subjects, who had corneal Fleischer ring or prominent nerves had corneas more similar to KC than other controls (t-test: increased KSI and KISA, P=0.048 and 0.012, respectively).CONCLUSIONIn KC family members and healthy individuals, Fleischer ring and prominent corneal nerves are associated with features of KC and may suggest a possibility of forme fruste KC. Searching for the possible presence of Fleischer ring or prominent nerves on the cornea may help in the decision whether or not to diagnose subclinical KC in a borderline case.
文摘AIMTo evaluate and compare corneal biomechanical findings measured by ocular response analyzer, topographic and pachymetric findings in patients with unilateral keratoconus patients and healthy controls.METHODSThis is an observational, case-control study. Patients with keratoconus in one eye and forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eye were compared with sex and age matched with controls healthy subjects. All subjects were evaluated with rotating scheimpflug imaging system. The receiver-operating-characteristic curves were analyzed to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of the parameters.RESULTSTwenty-seven patients with keratoconus in one eye and forme fruste keratoconus in the fellow eye were compared with 40 eyes of 40 normal subjects. Corneal hysteresis (CH) was 8.0±1.7 mm Hg in keratoconus group, 8.3±1.6 mm Hg in forme fruste keratoconus group, and 9.8±1.6 mm Hg in control groups (P=0.54 between keratoconus and forme fruste keratoconus groups, P<0.01 between control group and other groups). Corneal resistance factor (CRF) was 7.1±2.2 mm Hg in keratoconus group, 7.8±1.2 mm Hg in forme fruste keratoconus group and 9.9±1.5 mm Hg in control group (P<0.001 between control group and other groups). Using receiver-operating-characteristic analysis, the area under curve values of the parameters to distinguish forme fruste keratoconus from control subjects were: CH (0.768), CRF (0.866). Best cut-off points were 9.3 mm Hg and 8.8 mm Hg for CH and CRF respectively.CONCLUSIONOcular response analyzer parameters (CH and CRF) are found to be significantly lower in forme fruste keratoconus patients compared to normal control subjects.
文摘We report a case of a 21-year-old male patient who underwent corneal cross-linking (CXL) due to bilateral progressive keratoconus. Topographical screening of his family members was performed for the detection of possible familial keratoconus and showed abnormal topographical patterns resembling to Forme Fruste Keratoconus (FFK) in all the members of his family. The reported keratoconic patient that underwent CXL was the only individual of this family that referred eye rubbing in his personal ocular history;ocular and medical history of the other family members was clear. Eye rubbing could be a possible adjuvant risk factor that contributes to conversion of FFK to clinical progressive keratoconus.
文摘The time after the Civil War until the end of the First WorldWar was an important period in American history.During this periodAmerica witnessed not only the great development in industry andagriculture but also the world war.The forces that have made Americaan affluent one materially have been working toward the disruptionof the family,and especially the disillusionment against the
文摘我这一生大概能活10到15年,和你分别是件无比痛苦的事。My life likely to last ten to fifteen years.Any separation from you will be painful for me.Remember that before you buy me.在给我命令时请给我理解的时间,别对我发脾气,虽然我一定会原谅你的,你的耐心和理解能让我学得更快。Give me time to understand what you want of me.
基金Research supported by the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health under grants NSF-MCS-80-05811 and Rol-GM-27976-01
文摘Consider the multiple regression model yi=β1xi1+…+βpxip+ei i=1, 2,…, （1） where xij are known constants, β1, …,βp are unknown parameters, and ei. are unobservable random variables. Throughout the sequel let Xn denote the design matrix (xij)1≤i≤,1≤j≤p, and let Yn=（y1,…, yn）’, and β=（β1,…,βp）’. For n≥p,
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31370952,31470914,31600758,82171101)Beijing Nova Program(Z181100006218099)the Open Research Fund from Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine,Beijing Tongren Hospital,Beihang University&Capital Medical University(BHTR-KFJJ-202001).
文摘Background:To compare the dynamic corneal response(DCR)and tomographic parameters of thin normal cornea(TNC)with thinnest corneal thickness(TCT)(≤500μm),forme fruste keratoconus(FFKC)and mild keratoconus(MKC)had their central corneal thickness(CCT)matched by Scheimpflug imaging(Pentacam)and corneal visualization Scheimpflug technology(Corvis ST).Methods:CCT were matched in 50 eyes with FFKC,50 eyes with MKC,and 53 TNC eyes with TCT≤500μm.The differences in DCR and tomographic parameters among the three groups were compared.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to analyze the diagnostic significance of these parameters.Back propagation(BP)neural network was used to establish the keratoconus diagnosis model.Results:Fifty CCT-matched FFKC eyes,50 MKC eyes and 50 TNC eyes were included.The age and biomechanically corrected intraocular pressure(bIOP)did not differ significantly among the three groups(all P>0.05).The index of height asymmetry(IHA)and height decentration(IHD)differed significantly among the three groups(all P<0.05).IHD also had sufficient strength(area under the ROC curves(AUC)>0.80)to differentiate FFKC and MKC from TNC eyes.Partial DCR parameters showed significant differences between the MKC and TNC groups,and the deflection amplitude of the first applanation(A1DA)showed a good potential to differentiate(AUC>0.70)FFKC and MKC from TNC eyes.Diagnosis model by BP neural network showed an accurate diagnostic efficiency of about 91%.Conclusions:The majority of the tomographic and DCR parameters differed among the three groups.The IHD and partial DCR parameters assessed by Corvis ST distinguished FFKC and MKC from TNC when controlled for CCT.
文摘Quel est le divertissement le plus populaire sur Internet depuis aot 2009 en Chine ? Ce serait le Micro Blog du site web Sina.Avec 100 millions d’utilisateurs, ce Micro Blog est une
文摘La méthode de la Balance Harmonique est une méthode très effective pour le traitement des problèmes non-linéaires dans la théorie classique du contr(?)le. Une idée fondamentale de la méthode consiste du jugement de l’existence d’une solution périodique d’une équation originale à la base de l’existence d’une solution lériodique d’une équation approximative. Cette méthode de l’ingénieur était auparavant dépourvue d’une démonstration rigoureuse. A. I. Mees et des autres auteurs ont fourni
文摘Ⅰ. INTRODUCTION Dans des travaux précédentst, nous avons analysé l’influence de la convection naturelle sur une convection forcée de vitesse constante au-dessus d’une surface plane indinée soumise à, un flux de rayonnement de densité constante. Plus précisément, nous avons déterminé dans la couche limite les distributions des vitesses et de la température, puis calculé les valeurs locales du nombre de Nusselt et du coefficient de frottement.
文摘De plus en plus,il m'apparat que l'analyse est illusoire. Elle ne permet pas d'approcher. Elle ne permet pas de connatre. Elle n'est qu'un système,qu'une facette de la vérité entrevue par l'homme. Pour connatre,on ne saurait se passer d'elle,et cependant,pour connatre,il faut la dépasser.
