Most probable number （MPN） and colony-forming unit （CFU） estimates of fecal indicator bacteria （FIB） concentration are common measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in...Most probable number （MPN） and colony-forming unit （CFU） estimates of fecal indicator bacteria （FIB） concentration are common measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in Yeongsan Watershed in an attempt to compare two different methods and to develop a statistical model to convert from CFU to MPN estimates or vice versa. As a result, the significant difference was found in the MPN and CFU estimates. The enumerated Escherichia coli concentrations in MPN are greater than those in CFU, except for the measurement in winter. Especially in fall, E. coli concentrations in MPN are one order of magnitude greater than that in CFU. Contrarily, enterococci bacteria in MPN are lower than those in CFU. However, in general, a strongly positive relationship are found between MPN and CFU estimates. Therefore, the statistical models were developed, and showed the reasonable converting FIB concentrations from CFU estimates to MPN estimates. We expect this study will provide preliminary information towards future research on whether different analysis methods may result in different water quality standard violation frequencies for the same water sample.展开更多
As one of the most widely used assays in biological research,an enumeration of the bacterial cell colonies is an important but time-consuming and labor-intensive process.To speed up the colony counting,a machine learn...As one of the most widely used assays in biological research,an enumeration of the bacterial cell colonies is an important but time-consuming and labor-intensive process.To speed up the colony counting,a machine learning method is presented for counting the colony forming units(CFUs),which is referred to as CFUCounter.This cellcounting program processes digital images and segments bacterial colonies.The algorithm combines unsupervised machine learning,iterative adaptive thresholding,and local-minima-based watershed segmentation to enable an accurate and robust cell counting.Compared to a manual counting method,CFUCounter supports color-based CFU classification,allows plates containing heterologous colonies to be counted individually,and demonstrates overall performance(slope 0.996,SD 0.013,95%CI:0.97–1.02,p value<1e-11,r=0.999)indistinguishable from the gold standard of point-and-click counting.This CFUCounter application is open-source and easy to use as a unique addition to the arsenal of colony-counting tools.展开更多
The organization of the compartment of mesenchymal stem cells is still obscure. Two types of human stromal precursor cells are known. Both of them are analyzed in in vitro system: mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells...The organization of the compartment of mesenchymal stem cells is still obscure. Two types of human stromal precursor cells are known. Both of them are analyzed in in vitro system: mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSC) and fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-F). The aim of this study was to compare the main characteristics of MMSC and CFU-F derived from the bone marrow of 24 healthy donors. Growth and differentiation parameters, as well as relative expression levels of different genes were analyzed in MMSC and CFU-F. MMSC were cultivated for 5 passages. CFU-F concentration was determined for each bone marrow sample. The data obtained demonstrated the heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of both studied populations of stromal precursor cells-MMSC and CFU-F. These two types of stromal precursor cells turned to be different in most parameters studied. Altogether MMSC seemed to be more immature cells than CFU-F and took up the higher position in hierarchical tree of mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of differentiation and proliferative potential decreased with the donor’s age in both populations MMSC and CFU-F.展开更多
Human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） late mRNA expression in megakaryoblast and in turn the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） patients with HCMV infection, and effectiveness of ganciclovir were inv...Human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） late mRNA expression in megakaryoblast and in turn the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） patients with HCMV infection, and effectiveness of ganciclovir were investigated. Colony forming unit-megakaryocytes （CFU-MK） of 46 ITP patients with HCMV infection were incubated from patients＇ bone marrow mononuclear cells （MNC）. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was subsequently used for CFU-MK for HCMV-late mRNA detection, Ganciclovir therapy was given to both HCMV-late mRNA positive and negative groups for comparison of therapeutic effectiveness, The results in 19 of 46 CFU-MK culture cells specimens with positive HCMV-DNA by PCR or positive CMV-IgM by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in the correspondent serum of peripheral blood were positive for HCMV-late mRNA, Sixteen out of 19 patients with positive HCMV-late mRNA CFU-MK had a positive response to ganciclovir. Amongst 27 patients with negative HCMV-late mRNA CFU-MK, only 4 positive responders to ganciclovir therapy were observed. Curative effectiveness of ganciclovir in HCMV-late mRNA positive group was significantly higher than that in HCMV-late mRNA negative group （P〈0.01）, It was suggested that HCMV could directly infect CFU-MK, which might be one of the mechanisms responsible for HCMV related ITE The ganci- clovir is an effective therapy in resulting in the increases in thrombocyte in the ITP patients whose HCMV- late mRNA was positive in their CFU-MK.展开更多
The geological anomaly unit method (GAUM) is a new way to delineate and evaluate ore finding targets in line with the “geological anomaly ore finding theory”. Comprehensive ore finding information from geological, g...The geological anomaly unit method (GAUM) is a new way to delineate and evaluate ore finding targets in line with the “geological anomaly ore finding theory”. Comprehensive ore finding information from geological, geochemical and geophysical data is used for quantitative measurement of the “ore forming geological anomaly unit” in this paper. The main procedures are shown as follows: (1) The geo anomalous events associated with gold mineralization are analyzed in Tongshi gold field; (2) The zonation in the concentrated heavy minerals and the stream sediment elements of ore forming geo anomaly are studied in detail; (3) The deep geological structural framework is deduced by means of the synthetic geological interpretation of gravity and magnetic information; (4) The ore controlling geo anomalies and ore anomalies are chosen as the variables of the favorable ore forming indexes that can be used for the quantitative delineation and evaluation of the potential ore forming regions.展开更多
针对菌落图像中小菌落易漏检的问题,提出了一种基于INC4-YOLO(you only look once)的计数方法,实现精准的菌落计数。采用带残差结构的Inception模块(Inception module with residual connection,IncRes)替换YOLOv5骨干网络中的Bottlenec...针对菌落图像中小菌落易漏检的问题,提出了一种基于INC4-YOLO(you only look once)的计数方法,实现精准的菌落计数。采用带残差结构的Inception模块(Inception module with residual connection,IncRes)替换YOLOv5骨干网络中的Bottleneck模块,以增强图像特征提取能力。从网络的浅层特征中引出一个小目标检测头,以增强算法在训练过程中对小菌落的注意力。分别在标注微生物自动识别数据集(annotated germs for automated recognition,AGAR)和真实菌落计数场景下对INC4-YOLO进行计数性能测试。实验结果表明,在AGAR测试集中,提出的算法在小菌落的平均百分比绝对值计数误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)比其他先进目标检测算法降低了2%;真实菌落计数场景下,INC4-YOLO的MAPE相比YOLOv5降低了7%,表明该算法可帮助菌落计数设备实现精准计数。展开更多
基金supported by the Korean Ministry of Environment as "The Eco-technopia 21 Project" (No. 019-071-053)
文摘Most probable number （MPN） and colony-forming unit （CFU） estimates of fecal indicator bacteria （FIB） concentration are common measures of water quality in aquatic environments. Thus, FIB intensively monitored in Yeongsan Watershed in an attempt to compare two different methods and to develop a statistical model to convert from CFU to MPN estimates or vice versa. As a result, the significant difference was found in the MPN and CFU estimates. The enumerated Escherichia coli concentrations in MPN are greater than those in CFU, except for the measurement in winter. Especially in fall, E. coli concentrations in MPN are one order of magnitude greater than that in CFU. Contrarily, enterococci bacteria in MPN are lower than those in CFU. However, in general, a strongly positive relationship are found between MPN and CFU estimates. Therefore, the statistical models were developed, and showed the reasonable converting FIB concentrations from CFU estimates to MPN estimates. We expect this study will provide preliminary information towards future research on whether different analysis methods may result in different water quality standard violation frequencies for the same water sample.
基金This research was funded by a VPR Special Research Grant entitled Potential of a Site-Specific DNA Interstrand Crosslink.
文摘As one of the most widely used assays in biological research,an enumeration of the bacterial cell colonies is an important but time-consuming and labor-intensive process.To speed up the colony counting,a machine learning method is presented for counting the colony forming units(CFUs),which is referred to as CFUCounter.This cellcounting program processes digital images and segments bacterial colonies.The algorithm combines unsupervised machine learning,iterative adaptive thresholding,and local-minima-based watershed segmentation to enable an accurate and robust cell counting.Compared to a manual counting method,CFUCounter supports color-based CFU classification,allows plates containing heterologous colonies to be counted individually,and demonstrates overall performance(slope 0.996,SD 0.013,95%CI:0.97–1.02,p value<1e-11,r=0.999)indistinguishable from the gold standard of point-and-click counting.This CFUCounter application is open-source and easy to use as a unique addition to the arsenal of colony-counting tools.
文摘The organization of the compartment of mesenchymal stem cells is still obscure. Two types of human stromal precursor cells are known. Both of them are analyzed in in vitro system: mesenchymal multipotent stromal cells (MMSC) and fibroblast colony forming units (CFU-F). The aim of this study was to compare the main characteristics of MMSC and CFU-F derived from the bone marrow of 24 healthy donors. Growth and differentiation parameters, as well as relative expression levels of different genes were analyzed in MMSC and CFU-F. MMSC were cultivated for 5 passages. CFU-F concentration was determined for each bone marrow sample. The data obtained demonstrated the heterogeneity and hierarchical organization of both studied populations of stromal precursor cells-MMSC and CFU-F. These two types of stromal precursor cells turned to be different in most parameters studied. Altogether MMSC seemed to be more immature cells than CFU-F and took up the higher position in hierarchical tree of mesenchymal stem cells. The rate of differentiation and proliferative potential decreased with the donor’s age in both populations MMSC and CFU-F.
文摘Human cytomegalovirus （HCMV） late mRNA expression in megakaryoblast and in turn the pathogenesis of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） patients with HCMV infection, and effectiveness of ganciclovir were investigated. Colony forming unit-megakaryocytes （CFU-MK） of 46 ITP patients with HCMV infection were incubated from patients＇ bone marrow mononuclear cells （MNC）. Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） was subsequently used for CFU-MK for HCMV-late mRNA detection, Ganciclovir therapy was given to both HCMV-late mRNA positive and negative groups for comparison of therapeutic effectiveness, The results in 19 of 46 CFU-MK culture cells specimens with positive HCMV-DNA by PCR or positive CMV-IgM by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） in the correspondent serum of peripheral blood were positive for HCMV-late mRNA, Sixteen out of 19 patients with positive HCMV-late mRNA CFU-MK had a positive response to ganciclovir. Amongst 27 patients with negative HCMV-late mRNA CFU-MK, only 4 positive responders to ganciclovir therapy were observed. Curative effectiveness of ganciclovir in HCMV-late mRNA positive group was significantly higher than that in HCMV-late mRNA negative group （P〈0.01）, It was suggested that HCMV could directly infect CFU-MK, which might be one of the mechanisms responsible for HCMV related ITE The ganci- clovir is an effective therapy in resulting in the increases in thrombocyte in the ITP patients whose HCMV- late mRNA was positive in their CFU-MK.
文摘The geological anomaly unit method (GAUM) is a new way to delineate and evaluate ore finding targets in line with the “geological anomaly ore finding theory”. Comprehensive ore finding information from geological, geochemical and geophysical data is used for quantitative measurement of the “ore forming geological anomaly unit” in this paper. The main procedures are shown as follows: (1) The geo anomalous events associated with gold mineralization are analyzed in Tongshi gold field; (2) The zonation in the concentrated heavy minerals and the stream sediment elements of ore forming geo anomaly are studied in detail; (3) The deep geological structural framework is deduced by means of the synthetic geological interpretation of gravity and magnetic information; (4) The ore controlling geo anomalies and ore anomalies are chosen as the variables of the favorable ore forming indexes that can be used for the quantitative delineation and evaluation of the potential ore forming regions.
文摘针对菌落图像中小菌落易漏检的问题,提出了一种基于INC4-YOLO(you only look once)的计数方法,实现精准的菌落计数。采用带残差结构的Inception模块(Inception module with residual connection,IncRes)替换YOLOv5骨干网络中的Bottleneck模块,以增强图像特征提取能力。从网络的浅层特征中引出一个小目标检测头,以增强算法在训练过程中对小菌落的注意力。分别在标注微生物自动识别数据集(annotated germs for automated recognition,AGAR)和真实菌落计数场景下对INC4-YOLO进行计数性能测试。实验结果表明,在AGAR测试集中,提出的算法在小菌落的平均百分比绝对值计数误差(mean absolute percentage error,MAPE)比其他先进目标检测算法降低了2%;真实菌落计数场景下,INC4-YOLO的MAPE相比YOLOv5降低了7%,表明该算法可帮助菌落计数设备实现精准计数。
