Urban forest parks deliver a wide spectrum of ecosystem services that support biodiversity,climate regulation,and public well-being;however,their perceived value among local visitors remains underexplored in Southeast...Urban forest parks deliver a wide spectrum of ecosystem services that support biodiversity,climate regulation,and public well-being;however,their perceived value among local visitors remains underexplored in Southeast Asia.This study investigates visitor perceptions and economic valuation of ecosystem services at Mount Pulai Forest Eco Park in Johor,Malaysia.Grounded in the Total Economic Value(TEV)framework and ecosystem service theory,the research employed a structured on-site survey of 392 visitors and applied the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)to assess awareness,appreciation,and willingness-to-pay(WTP)for forest conservation.Findings revealed that visitors highly valued regulating services,such as air purification and flood mitigation(mean≈4.3/5),and supporting services,like biodiversity(mean≈4.2/5),while provisioning services were rated lower(mean≈2.8/5).Despite limited familiarity with ecological terminology,only 33%understood the term“ecosystem services”.In contrast,a substantial majority(79.1%)expressed WTP for conservation efforts,proposing an average annual contribution of MYR 51.32.Additionally,65%of respondents supported an entry fee model,suggesting a mean payment of MYR 3.07 per visit.These results underscore the economic and non-economic value that urban residents assign to forest benefits,offering new insights into conservation finance and public engagement.The study’s innovation lies in its integration of ecosystem perception with economic valuation in an urban forest setting,providing a replicable framework for sustainable park management across Southeast Asia.展开更多
This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method...This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method and SPSS data analysis techniques,we systematically evaluate tourists’cognitive differences and improvement paths regarding the cultural service value of the scenic area.Based on the nonmaterial characteristics of ecosystem cultural services,combined with the unique Congren culture and natural landscape resources of Congren Valley,we designed a five-dimensional scale including natural landscape and ecological protection,cultural display and interpretation services,cultural activity participation and experience,infrastructure and supporting services,and safety management.This covers tourists’evaluations of the importance of elements such as cultural displays,interpretation systems,interactive activities,and facility support,as well as their actual satisfaction feedback.Through descriptive statistical analysis,reliability and validity testing,factor analysis,and IPA matrix analysis,we reveal the core contradictions and improvement directions perceived by tourists.The study found that the convenience of facilities such as signage,rest areas,toilets,roads,and the cleanliness of the scenic area are key areas for improvement.Additionally,different age groups perceive differences in the cultural service quality of the Congren Valley Forest Park ecosystem.The study concludes that tourists have a high level of concern for the convenience of scenic infrastructure and sanitary environment.Improving these facilities can help increase tourist satisfaction and the overall service quality of the scenic area.Simultaneously,meeting the needs of segmented markets and constructing a three-in-one service system of“deep excavation of cultural symbols–digital storytelling–immersive scenes”is recommended.展开更多
Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental sustainability.Many of these policies...Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental sustainability.Many of these policies follow a top-down approach to implementation and as such,emphasize the hierarchical control within government structures.An understanding of local perceptions of land-use policies is important if the disconnect between policy makers and the target population is to be reduced and if program support is to improve.This study aimed to help improve local implementation,attitude toward,and engagement by examining the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the target population’s(local farmers)perception of the conversion of cropland to forestland program(CFPP)land use policy in Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shaanxi provinces.It uses logistical regression models,with robust aspects of perception including confidence,support,transparency,prospects,fairness,and willingness to participate.Results indicate that social aspects as well as economic aspects are most important in influencing farmers’perceptions towards the CFPP.The farmers who have received technical support,rural male habitants,educated,and non-middle-aged farmers exhibit more positive perceptions of the program and are much more likely to support it,whereas farmers without any technical support or formal education,and female and middle-aged farmers are less likely to support the program.Importantly,this study also reveals the differences in responses,experiences and perceptions of the farmers living across different provinces.These empirical results provide insight into the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the perception of farmers towards land-use policies,which has important implications for designing targeted policy instruments and increasing farmer support for these policies.This knowledge can be harnessed and further evaluated in future research to improve citizen engagement,support,and understanding in order to help ecological restoration and conservation objectives be more effectively achieved.展开更多
We studied the perception of forest-dependent communities on climate change with its associated risk and their adaptation strategies in Mizoram, Northeast India. A total of 360 respondents (household heads) were rando...We studied the perception of forest-dependent communities on climate change with its associated risk and their adaptation strategies in Mizoram, Northeast India. A total of 360 respondents (household heads) were randomly selected from 24 villages across the three different agro-climatic zones prevalent. The community perceived awareness of climate change phenomena in the region with a positive correlation between age, education and occupation of the respondents. The overall perception of climate change in temperature was medium (0.49), while low for change in precipitation (0.26) and seasonal durability (0.23). The community showed over-all low score of perception on risk of climate change (0.10) where risk on livelihood and socio-economic factors was higher than risk to environment or forest. Perception on impact of climate change was high for forest abi-otic ecological factors (0.66) and flora and fauna (0.62), while medium on livelihood of forest-dependent communities (0.44). The majority (more than 75%) of the respondents agreed that human beings are involved and responsible for climate change. Adoption of adaptive strategies to cope climate change ranged from 0.07 to 0.91, amongst which zero tillage, use of traditional knowledge, forest fire prevention, soil and water conservation techniques, agroforestry practices and social forestry are popular. However, rain water harvesting and investments for crop insurance were adopted on low scores clearly implied by the educational and socio-economic status of the farmers in the majority. The study brings out the knowledge and perceptions to climate change by forest-dependent communities and their adaptive strategies to cope had been assessed. The finding results seek the attention of researchers and policy makers to integrate technological and financial interventions in supporting farmer’s effort to cope with climate change with a long term objective for improving their livelihood and climate sensitive resources at the same time.展开更多
Perception assessment of the impacts of human activities on Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve (SCFR) which is located between latitude 4°32'N and 4°40'N and longitude 7°48'E and 8°20'E (F...Perception assessment of the impacts of human activities on Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve (SCFR) which is located between latitude 4°32'N and 4°40'N and longitude 7°48'E and 8°20'E (Figure 1) distributed into four Local Government Areas-Eket, Esit Eket, Ibeno and Mbo of Akwa Ibom State was carried out. Structural questionnaires to extract the common types of useful plants and animals, status of the protected area, derivable benefits and ways of preserving the SCFR were ministered to Chiefs Priests, Local Chiefs, Elderly People and Farmers who lived at least twenty years in the areas. Convenient sampling method was used to randomly select fifty respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics to summarize feedbacks from respondents presented in the form of tables, charts and histogram in line with the SCFR anthropogenic activities assessment indicators showing percentages and frequencies of such response was employed for data analyses and presentation. The results showed that the Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve have been disturbed and degraded due to uncontrolled human activities. Endangered fauna species including the Giraffa camelopardalis(Giraffe), Hippopotamus amphibious (Hippopotamus), Loxodonta africana (Elephant), Hynas, Kangaroo, Pantherpardus (Leopard), Panther leo (Lion), Porcupine and Tiger were last seen between twenty and thirty five years ago in the forest while some useful plants of huge economic and medicinal values like Irvingia gabonensis(Bush mango) Tetrapleura itraptera, Gambeya albidum, Raphia hookeri (Rafia palm), Garcinia cola (Bitter kola) and Dacryodes edulis (Native pear) etc were last observed about eleven to twenty years ago. The study further revealed that Monkeys and Alligators are still very common in the Forest Reserve. It, therefore, recommends the strengthening and enforcement of regulatory controls on the use of SCFR by relevant authorities and alternative source of firewood to reduce anthropogenic abuses and protect the rich resources of the forest from extinction.展开更多
This study examines local people＇s perception of forest resources （FR） conservation around two plantation forest reserves （PFR） and two natural forest reserves （NFR） in Ekiti State in order to determine the fac...This study examines local people＇s perception of forest resources （FR） conservation around two plantation forest reserves （PFR） and two natural forest reserves （NFR） in Ekiti State in order to determine the factors that can contribute to sustainable FR conservation. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data from 240 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. 75.0% and 86.1% of respondents around PFR recognized the importance of conserving the FR for economic benefits and biodiversity respectively, while 66.7% would not want the FR conserved for cultural values. 82.9% of respondents around NFR would want the FR conserved for economic benefits, while 74.3% and 66.7% would not want the forest conserved for cultural values and biodiversity respectively. For efficient conservation, participation in forest management and involvement in decision making with means of 3.45 and 3.52 ranked highest in PFR and NFR respectively. Probit regression analysis showed that in PFR and NFR, age, education and income were positively significant to FR conservation （p 〈 0.05）. Creating an enabling environment that will make local people appreciate historical cultural values of the forest for tourism is essential for efficient FR conservation in the study area.展开更多
Forest is one of the most challenging environments to be recorded in a three-dimensional(3D)digitized geometrical representation,because of the size and the complexity of the environment and the data-acquisition const...Forest is one of the most challenging environments to be recorded in a three-dimensional(3D)digitized geometrical representation,because of the size and the complexity of the environment and the data-acquisition constraints brought by on-site conditions.Previous studies have indicated that the data-acquisition pattern can have more influence on the registration results than other factors.In practice,the ideal short-baseline observations,i.e.,the dense collection mode,is rarely feasible,considering the low accessibility in forest environments and the commonly limited labor and time resources.The wide-baseline observations that cover a forest site using a few folds less observations than short-baseline observations,are therefore more preferable and commonly applied.Nevertheless,the wide-baseline approach is more challenging for data registration since it typically lacks the required sufficient overlaps between datasets.Until now,a robust automated registration solution that is independent of special hardware requirements has still been missing.That is,the registration accuracy is still far from the required level,and the information extractable from the merged point cloud using automated registration could not match that from the merged point cloud using manual registration.This paper proposes a discrete overlap search(DOS)method to find correspondences in the point clouds to solve the low-overlap problem in the wide-baseline point clouds.The proposed automatic method uses potential correspondences from both original data and selected feature points to reconstruct rough observation geometries without external knowledge and to retrieve precise registration parameters at data-level.An extensive experiment was carried out with 24 forest datasets of different conditions categorized in three difficulty levels.The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using various accuracy criteria,as well as based on data acquired from different hardware,platforms,viewing perspectives,and at different points of time.The proposed method achieved a 3D registration accuracy at a 0.50-cm level in all difficulty categories using static terrestrial acquisitions.In the terrestrial-aerial registration,data sets were collected from different sensors and at different points of time with scene changes,and a registration accuracy at the raw data geometric accuracy level was achieved.These results represent the highest automated registration accuracy and the strictest evaluation so far.The proposed method is applicable in multiple scenarios,such as 1)the global positioning of individual under-canopy observations,which is one of the main challenges in applying terrestrial observations lacking a global context,2)the fusion of point clouds acquired from terrestrial and aerial perspectives,which is required in order to achieve a complete forest observation,3)mobile mapping using a new stop-and-go approach,which solves the problems of lacking mobility and slow data collection in static terrestrial measurements as well as the data-quality issue in the continuous mobile approach.Furthermore,this work proposes a new error estimate that units all parameter-level errors into a single quantity and compensates for the downsides of the widely used parameter-and object-level error estimates;it also proposes a new deterministic point sets registration method as an alternative to the popular sampling methods.展开更多
Incentive design is among the decisive factors behind active community participation and long-term sustainability of participatory forest management. Especially in case of mangroves, where multiple interests apply, it...Incentive design is among the decisive factors behind active community participation and long-term sustainability of participatory forest management. Especially in case of mangroves, where multiple interests apply, it requires a careful integration of several ecological, economic and institutional factors. The primary objective of this paper is to understand the basis of incentive design and make a comprehensive inquiry into the existing incentive mechanism of participatory mangrove management in Indian Sundarbans. The qualitative and in-depth assessment was derived against a conceptual framework that contains three main determinants: (1) resources availability, (2) control mechanism, and (3) perception of end-users. The study deploys the results of various participatory exercises such as structured interviews with forest officials, focus group discussions with 10 Joint Forest Management Committees and semi-structured interviews with 119 mangrove users. In general, we observed an over-cautious, hierarchical and safety-margin-based incentive design with distinct bifurcation of communities over the adequacy and effectiveness of derived benefits. Although, the incentives are diverse and align well with the overall conservation of mangroves, they are considered to be insufficient by nearly half of the mangrove users. The main issues that were observed to hinder effective community participation can be summarized as (1) serious restrictions on access to economically exploitable mangrove products, (2) passive involvement of vulnerable occupational groups, and (3) lack of trust and conflicting interests between the officials and the communities. Although the existing preventive management of mangroves can be justified considering the magnanimity of the Indian Sundarbans, it can severely impair community participation and emerge as a clear threat to future sustainability. To secure greater participation of the communities, we propose small scale, innovative developmental incentives to supplement traditional forest-resource-based incentives.展开更多
Close-range sensing has yet to attain the status of being a dependable source for in situ forest information as the conventional field inventory.Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy,...Close-range sensing has yet to attain the status of being a dependable source for in situ forest information as the conventional field inventory.Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy,completeness,and efficiency.For a forest area,Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)has the highest data quality,but is limited to static perspectives and lack the efficiency.Mobile Mapping Systems(MMS)systems gain on the efficiency but compromise the data quality.More recently,under-canopy UAV caught attentions for its potential to leverage the advantages of both TLS and MMS systems.This study demonstrates the feasibility of autonomous forest in situ investigation using an autonomous under-canopy UAV Laser Scanning(ULS)system,and evaluates the performance of such system in deriving key forest and tree attributes through a comparison with other close-range sensing systems such as the TLS and the Personal Laser Scanning(PLS).The under-canopy ULS system uses an onboard LiDAR sensor to aid its self-traverse in an unknown forest environment and to collect point cloud data during its movement inside the forest.Key factors influencing the systems’overall performance were investigated via various experiments.The point cloud data collected by the under canopy autonomous ULS system deliver similar stem capturing capacity as TLS in single layer forest stands with less undergrowth.The RMSEs of the DBH estimates were 0.81 cm(3.80%),4.12cm(19.92%),and 5.13cm(22.01%),respectively.The RMSEs of the stem curve estimates were 1.27 cm(5.48%),3.97 cm(17.63%),and 5.18 cm(22.49%),respectively.The geometric accuracy and the completeness of the point cloud significantly improved when the trajectory was densified.More studies on autonomous route planning in complex unknown forest is required to improve the system mobility,data quality,and the applicability of such systems in future practical forest in situ observations.展开更多
Forest parks provide important recreational and tourism bene?ts to residents,so it is essential to know what residents’perceptions are regarding the recreational value of forest parks for participatory forest plannin...Forest parks provide important recreational and tourism bene?ts to residents,so it is essential to know what residents’perceptions are regarding the recreational value of forest parks for participatory forest planning and management.This study investigated forest park recreational value in the physical,psychological,and social dimensions in Shanghai according to questionnaires completed by 658 respondents,and examined the relationships between recreational value and residents’social variables by multiple correspondence analysis(MCA).The results show the following:1)The recreational value of forest parks is perceived as most important in the psychological dimension,while in the social dimension it is appreciated the least.2)In terms of the differences in forest park recreational value in suburbs and rural areas,the social value in rural areas had significantly higher scores than in the suburbs,and the psychological value in suburbs is much higher than that in the rural areas.3)Regarding the social variables which characterize residents in suburbs and rural areas,females and younger groups tended to assign higher scores to recreational value than males and older groups.Moreover,citizens with low education or low income also assigned higher scores to recreational value compared to more educated or higher-income residents.The results of this study reveal the recreational value characteristics of Shanghai forest parks in the three dimensions,which can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of urban forest resources and contribute to reasonable planning and management.展开更多
基金funded by Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia through research grant(SK-2024-006).
文摘Urban forest parks deliver a wide spectrum of ecosystem services that support biodiversity,climate regulation,and public well-being;however,their perceived value among local visitors remains underexplored in Southeast Asia.This study investigates visitor perceptions and economic valuation of ecosystem services at Mount Pulai Forest Eco Park in Johor,Malaysia.Grounded in the Total Economic Value(TEV)framework and ecosystem service theory,the research employed a structured on-site survey of 392 visitors and applied the Contingent Valuation Method(CVM)to assess awareness,appreciation,and willingness-to-pay(WTP)for forest conservation.Findings revealed that visitors highly valued regulating services,such as air purification and flood mitigation(mean≈4.3/5),and supporting services,like biodiversity(mean≈4.2/5),while provisioning services were rated lower(mean≈2.8/5).Despite limited familiarity with ecological terminology,only 33%understood the term“ecosystem services”.In contrast,a substantial majority(79.1%)expressed WTP for conservation efforts,proposing an average annual contribution of MYR 51.32.Additionally,65%of respondents supported an entry fee model,suggesting a mean payment of MYR 3.07 per visit.These results underscore the economic and non-economic value that urban residents assign to forest benefits,offering new insights into conservation finance and public engagement.The study’s innovation lies in its integration of ecosystem perception with economic valuation in an urban forest setting,providing a replicable framework for sustainable park management across Southeast Asia.
基金“Chongqing Graduate Student Scientific Research Innovation Project”(YKJCX2420813)。
文摘This study focuses on the ecosystem cultural service quality of Qu County Congren Valley Forest Park from the perspective of tourist perception.Using the Importance-Performance Analysis(IPA)questionnaire survey method and SPSS data analysis techniques,we systematically evaluate tourists’cognitive differences and improvement paths regarding the cultural service value of the scenic area.Based on the nonmaterial characteristics of ecosystem cultural services,combined with the unique Congren culture and natural landscape resources of Congren Valley,we designed a five-dimensional scale including natural landscape and ecological protection,cultural display and interpretation services,cultural activity participation and experience,infrastructure and supporting services,and safety management.This covers tourists’evaluations of the importance of elements such as cultural displays,interpretation systems,interactive activities,and facility support,as well as their actual satisfaction feedback.Through descriptive statistical analysis,reliability and validity testing,factor analysis,and IPA matrix analysis,we reveal the core contradictions and improvement directions perceived by tourists.The study found that the convenience of facilities such as signage,rest areas,toilets,roads,and the cleanliness of the scenic area are key areas for improvement.Additionally,different age groups perceive differences in the cultural service quality of the Congren Valley Forest Park ecosystem.The study concludes that tourists have a high level of concern for the convenience of scenic infrastructure and sanitary environment.Improving these facilities can help increase tourist satisfaction and the overall service quality of the scenic area.Simultaneously,meeting the needs of segmented markets and constructing a three-in-one service system of“deep excavation of cultural symbols–digital storytelling–immersive scenes”is recommended.
基金supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of Chinathe Canadian International Council
文摘Numerous land-use policies have been implemented in China in recent decades for ecological restoration and conservation to reduce environmental disasters and promote environmental sustainability.Many of these policies follow a top-down approach to implementation and as such,emphasize the hierarchical control within government structures.An understanding of local perceptions of land-use policies is important if the disconnect between policy makers and the target population is to be reduced and if program support is to improve.This study aimed to help improve local implementation,attitude toward,and engagement by examining the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the target population’s(local farmers)perception of the conversion of cropland to forestland program(CFPP)land use policy in Jiangxi,Sichuan,and Shaanxi provinces.It uses logistical regression models,with robust aspects of perception including confidence,support,transparency,prospects,fairness,and willingness to participate.Results indicate that social aspects as well as economic aspects are most important in influencing farmers’perceptions towards the CFPP.The farmers who have received technical support,rural male habitants,educated,and non-middle-aged farmers exhibit more positive perceptions of the program and are much more likely to support it,whereas farmers without any technical support or formal education,and female and middle-aged farmers are less likely to support the program.Importantly,this study also reveals the differences in responses,experiences and perceptions of the farmers living across different provinces.These empirical results provide insight into the influence of socio-economic characteristics on the perception of farmers towards land-use policies,which has important implications for designing targeted policy instruments and increasing farmer support for these policies.This knowledge can be harnessed and further evaluated in future research to improve citizen engagement,support,and understanding in order to help ecological restoration and conservation objectives be more effectively achieved.
文摘We studied the perception of forest-dependent communities on climate change with its associated risk and their adaptation strategies in Mizoram, Northeast India. A total of 360 respondents (household heads) were randomly selected from 24 villages across the three different agro-climatic zones prevalent. The community perceived awareness of climate change phenomena in the region with a positive correlation between age, education and occupation of the respondents. The overall perception of climate change in temperature was medium (0.49), while low for change in precipitation (0.26) and seasonal durability (0.23). The community showed over-all low score of perception on risk of climate change (0.10) where risk on livelihood and socio-economic factors was higher than risk to environment or forest. Perception on impact of climate change was high for forest abi-otic ecological factors (0.66) and flora and fauna (0.62), while medium on livelihood of forest-dependent communities (0.44). The majority (more than 75%) of the respondents agreed that human beings are involved and responsible for climate change. Adoption of adaptive strategies to cope climate change ranged from 0.07 to 0.91, amongst which zero tillage, use of traditional knowledge, forest fire prevention, soil and water conservation techniques, agroforestry practices and social forestry are popular. However, rain water harvesting and investments for crop insurance were adopted on low scores clearly implied by the educational and socio-economic status of the farmers in the majority. The study brings out the knowledge and perceptions to climate change by forest-dependent communities and their adaptive strategies to cope had been assessed. The finding results seek the attention of researchers and policy makers to integrate technological and financial interventions in supporting farmer’s effort to cope with climate change with a long term objective for improving their livelihood and climate sensitive resources at the same time.
文摘Perception assessment of the impacts of human activities on Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve (SCFR) which is located between latitude 4°32'N and 4°40'N and longitude 7°48'E and 8°20'E (Figure 1) distributed into four Local Government Areas-Eket, Esit Eket, Ibeno and Mbo of Akwa Ibom State was carried out. Structural questionnaires to extract the common types of useful plants and animals, status of the protected area, derivable benefits and ways of preserving the SCFR were ministered to Chiefs Priests, Local Chiefs, Elderly People and Farmers who lived at least twenty years in the areas. Convenient sampling method was used to randomly select fifty respondents for the study. Descriptive statistics to summarize feedbacks from respondents presented in the form of tables, charts and histogram in line with the SCFR anthropogenic activities assessment indicators showing percentages and frequencies of such response was employed for data analyses and presentation. The results showed that the Stubbs Creek Forest Reserve have been disturbed and degraded due to uncontrolled human activities. Endangered fauna species including the Giraffa camelopardalis(Giraffe), Hippopotamus amphibious (Hippopotamus), Loxodonta africana (Elephant), Hynas, Kangaroo, Pantherpardus (Leopard), Panther leo (Lion), Porcupine and Tiger were last seen between twenty and thirty five years ago in the forest while some useful plants of huge economic and medicinal values like Irvingia gabonensis(Bush mango) Tetrapleura itraptera, Gambeya albidum, Raphia hookeri (Rafia palm), Garcinia cola (Bitter kola) and Dacryodes edulis (Native pear) etc were last observed about eleven to twenty years ago. The study further revealed that Monkeys and Alligators are still very common in the Forest Reserve. It, therefore, recommends the strengthening and enforcement of regulatory controls on the use of SCFR by relevant authorities and alternative source of firewood to reduce anthropogenic abuses and protect the rich resources of the forest from extinction.
文摘This study examines local people＇s perception of forest resources （FR） conservation around two plantation forest reserves （PFR） and two natural forest reserves （NFR） in Ekiti State in order to determine the factors that can contribute to sustainable FR conservation. Questionnaire and interview were used to collect data from 240 respondents. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. 75.0% and 86.1% of respondents around PFR recognized the importance of conserving the FR for economic benefits and biodiversity respectively, while 66.7% would not want the FR conserved for cultural values. 82.9% of respondents around NFR would want the FR conserved for economic benefits, while 74.3% and 66.7% would not want the forest conserved for cultural values and biodiversity respectively. For efficient conservation, participation in forest management and involvement in decision making with means of 3.45 and 3.52 ranked highest in PFR and NFR respectively. Probit regression analysis showed that in PFR and NFR, age, education and income were positively significant to FR conservation （p 〈 0.05）. Creating an enabling environment that will make local people appreciate historical cultural values of the forest for tourism is essential for efficient FR conservation in the study area.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32171789,32211530031)Wuhan University(No.WHUZZJJ202220)Academy of Finland(Nos.334060,334829,331708,344755,337656,334830,293389/314312,334830,319011)。
文摘Forest is one of the most challenging environments to be recorded in a three-dimensional(3D)digitized geometrical representation,because of the size and the complexity of the environment and the data-acquisition constraints brought by on-site conditions.Previous studies have indicated that the data-acquisition pattern can have more influence on the registration results than other factors.In practice,the ideal short-baseline observations,i.e.,the dense collection mode,is rarely feasible,considering the low accessibility in forest environments and the commonly limited labor and time resources.The wide-baseline observations that cover a forest site using a few folds less observations than short-baseline observations,are therefore more preferable and commonly applied.Nevertheless,the wide-baseline approach is more challenging for data registration since it typically lacks the required sufficient overlaps between datasets.Until now,a robust automated registration solution that is independent of special hardware requirements has still been missing.That is,the registration accuracy is still far from the required level,and the information extractable from the merged point cloud using automated registration could not match that from the merged point cloud using manual registration.This paper proposes a discrete overlap search(DOS)method to find correspondences in the point clouds to solve the low-overlap problem in the wide-baseline point clouds.The proposed automatic method uses potential correspondences from both original data and selected feature points to reconstruct rough observation geometries without external knowledge and to retrieve precise registration parameters at data-level.An extensive experiment was carried out with 24 forest datasets of different conditions categorized in three difficulty levels.The performance of the proposed method was evaluated using various accuracy criteria,as well as based on data acquired from different hardware,platforms,viewing perspectives,and at different points of time.The proposed method achieved a 3D registration accuracy at a 0.50-cm level in all difficulty categories using static terrestrial acquisitions.In the terrestrial-aerial registration,data sets were collected from different sensors and at different points of time with scene changes,and a registration accuracy at the raw data geometric accuracy level was achieved.These results represent the highest automated registration accuracy and the strictest evaluation so far.The proposed method is applicable in multiple scenarios,such as 1)the global positioning of individual under-canopy observations,which is one of the main challenges in applying terrestrial observations lacking a global context,2)the fusion of point clouds acquired from terrestrial and aerial perspectives,which is required in order to achieve a complete forest observation,3)mobile mapping using a new stop-and-go approach,which solves the problems of lacking mobility and slow data collection in static terrestrial measurements as well as the data-quality issue in the continuous mobile approach.Furthermore,this work proposes a new error estimate that units all parameter-level errors into a single quantity and compensates for the downsides of the widely used parameter-and object-level error estimates;it also proposes a new deterministic point sets registration method as an alternative to the popular sampling methods.
基金provided by Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology(MEXT)Government of Japan
文摘Incentive design is among the decisive factors behind active community participation and long-term sustainability of participatory forest management. Especially in case of mangroves, where multiple interests apply, it requires a careful integration of several ecological, economic and institutional factors. The primary objective of this paper is to understand the basis of incentive design and make a comprehensive inquiry into the existing incentive mechanism of participatory mangrove management in Indian Sundarbans. The qualitative and in-depth assessment was derived against a conceptual framework that contains three main determinants: (1) resources availability, (2) control mechanism, and (3) perception of end-users. The study deploys the results of various participatory exercises such as structured interviews with forest officials, focus group discussions with 10 Joint Forest Management Committees and semi-structured interviews with 119 mangrove users. In general, we observed an over-cautious, hierarchical and safety-margin-based incentive design with distinct bifurcation of communities over the adequacy and effectiveness of derived benefits. Although, the incentives are diverse and align well with the overall conservation of mangroves, they are considered to be insufficient by nearly half of the mangrove users. The main issues that were observed to hinder effective community participation can be summarized as (1) serious restrictions on access to economically exploitable mangrove products, (2) passive involvement of vulnerable occupational groups, and (3) lack of trust and conflicting interests between the officials and the communities. Although the existing preventive management of mangroves can be justified considering the magnanimity of the Indian Sundarbans, it can severely impair community participation and emerge as a clear threat to future sustainability. To secure greater participation of the communities, we propose small scale, innovative developmental incentives to supplement traditional forest-resource-based incentives.
基金support from Natural Science Fund of China[32171789].
文摘Close-range sensing has yet to attain the status of being a dependable source for in situ forest information as the conventional field inventory.Each solution has its advantages and disadvantages in terms of accuracy,completeness,and efficiency.For a forest area,Terrestrial Laser Scanning(TLS)has the highest data quality,but is limited to static perspectives and lack the efficiency.Mobile Mapping Systems(MMS)systems gain on the efficiency but compromise the data quality.More recently,under-canopy UAV caught attentions for its potential to leverage the advantages of both TLS and MMS systems.This study demonstrates the feasibility of autonomous forest in situ investigation using an autonomous under-canopy UAV Laser Scanning(ULS)system,and evaluates the performance of such system in deriving key forest and tree attributes through a comparison with other close-range sensing systems such as the TLS and the Personal Laser Scanning(PLS).The under-canopy ULS system uses an onboard LiDAR sensor to aid its self-traverse in an unknown forest environment and to collect point cloud data during its movement inside the forest.Key factors influencing the systems’overall performance were investigated via various experiments.The point cloud data collected by the under canopy autonomous ULS system deliver similar stem capturing capacity as TLS in single layer forest stands with less undergrowth.The RMSEs of the DBH estimates were 0.81 cm(3.80%),4.12cm(19.92%),and 5.13cm(22.01%),respectively.The RMSEs of the stem curve estimates were 1.27 cm(5.48%),3.97 cm(17.63%),and 5.18 cm(22.49%),respectively.The geometric accuracy and the completeness of the point cloud significantly improved when the trajectory was densified.More studies on autonomous route planning in complex unknown forest is required to improve the system mobility,data quality,and the applicability of such systems in future practical forest in situ observations.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of China(31400606)The Social Science Planning Project of Shanghai(2019BGL017)。
文摘Forest parks provide important recreational and tourism bene?ts to residents,so it is essential to know what residents’perceptions are regarding the recreational value of forest parks for participatory forest planning and management.This study investigated forest park recreational value in the physical,psychological,and social dimensions in Shanghai according to questionnaires completed by 658 respondents,and examined the relationships between recreational value and residents’social variables by multiple correspondence analysis(MCA).The results show the following:1)The recreational value of forest parks is perceived as most important in the psychological dimension,while in the social dimension it is appreciated the least.2)In terms of the differences in forest park recreational value in suburbs and rural areas,the social value in rural areas had significantly higher scores than in the suburbs,and the psychological value in suburbs is much higher than that in the rural areas.3)Regarding the social variables which characterize residents in suburbs and rural areas,females and younger groups tended to assign higher scores to recreational value than males and older groups.Moreover,citizens with low education or low income also assigned higher scores to recreational value compared to more educated or higher-income residents.The results of this study reveal the recreational value characteristics of Shanghai forest parks in the three dimensions,which can provide a scientific basis for the sustainable development of urban forest resources and contribute to reasonable planning and management.
