By using the Faddeev Senjanovic path integral quantization method, we quantize the composite fermions in quantum electrodynamics （QED）. In the sense of Dirac＇s conjecture, we deduce all the constraints and give Di...By using the Faddeev Senjanovic path integral quantization method, we quantize the composite fermions in quantum electrodynamics （QED）. In the sense of Dirac＇s conjecture, we deduce all the constraints and give Dirac＇s gauge transformations （DGT）. According to that the effective action is invariant under the DGT, we obtain the Noether theorem at the quantum level, which shows the fractional charges for tile composite fermions in QBD. This result is better than the one deduced from the equations of motion for the statistical potentials, because this result contains both odd and even fractional numbers. Purthermore, we deduce the Noether theorem from the invariance of the effective action under the rotational transformations in 2-dimensional （x, y） plane. The result shows that the composite fermions have fractional spins and fractional statistics. These anomalous properties are given by the constraints for the statistical gauge potential.展开更多
Meta-modelling plays an important role in model driven software development. In this paper, a graphic exten- sion of BNF （GEBNF） is proposed to define the abstract syn- tax of graphic modelling languages. From a GEB...Meta-modelling plays an important role in model driven software development. In this paper, a graphic exten- sion of BNF （GEBNF） is proposed to define the abstract syn- tax of graphic modelling languages. From a GEBNF syntax definition, a formal predicate logic language can be induced so that meta-modelling can be performed formally by spec- ifying a predicate on the domain of syntactically valid mod- els. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical foundation of this meta-modelling approach. We formally define the se- mantics of GEBNF and its induced predicate logic languages, then apply Goguen and Burstall＇s institution theory to prove that they form a sound and valid formal specification lan- guage for meta-modelling.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11047020 and 11047173)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province, China (Grant Nos. ZR2011AM019, ZR2010AQ025, BS2010DS006, and Y200814)the Scientific and Technological Development Project of Shandong Province, China (Grant No. J08LI56)
文摘By using the Faddeev Senjanovic path integral quantization method, we quantize the composite fermions in quantum electrodynamics （QED）. In the sense of Dirac＇s conjecture, we deduce all the constraints and give Dirac＇s gauge transformations （DGT）. According to that the effective action is invariant under the DGT, we obtain the Noether theorem at the quantum level, which shows the fractional charges for tile composite fermions in QBD. This result is better than the one deduced from the equations of motion for the statistical potentials, because this result contains both odd and even fractional numbers. Purthermore, we deduce the Noether theorem from the invariance of the effective action under the rotational transformations in 2-dimensional （x, y） plane. The result shows that the composite fermions have fractional spins and fractional statistics. These anomalous properties are given by the constraints for the statistical gauge potential.
文摘Meta-modelling plays an important role in model driven software development. In this paper, a graphic exten- sion of BNF （GEBNF） is proposed to define the abstract syn- tax of graphic modelling languages. From a GEBNF syntax definition, a formal predicate logic language can be induced so that meta-modelling can be performed formally by spec- ifying a predicate on the domain of syntactically valid mod- els. In this paper, we investigate the theoretical foundation of this meta-modelling approach. We formally define the se- mantics of GEBNF and its induced predicate logic languages, then apply Goguen and Burstall＇s institution theory to prove that they form a sound and valid formal specification lan- guage for meta-modelling.
