Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is involved in aerosol particles and droplets excreted from a coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patient.Such aerosol particles or droplets including infectiou...Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is involved in aerosol particles and droplets excreted from a coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patient.Such aerosol particles or droplets including infectious virions can be attached on fomite,so fomite is not a negligible route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a community,especially in indoor environment.This necessarily evokes a need of fomite disinfection to remove virions,but the extent to which fomite disinfection breaks off virus transmission chain in indoor environment is still elusive.In this study,we evaluated the fomite disinfection effectiveness on COVID-19 case number using network analysis that reproduced the reported indoor outbreaks.In the established network,virus can move around not only human but also air and fomite while growing in human and decaying in air and on fomite,and infection success was determined based on the exposed virus amount and the equation of probability of infection.The simulation results have demonstrated that infectious virions on fomite should be kept less than a hundred to sufficiently reduce COVID-19 case,and every-hour disinfection was required to avoid stochastic increase in the infection case.This study gives us a practical disinfection manner for fomite to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor environment.展开更多
Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we emplo...Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we employed the K18‐hACE2 mouse infection model to experimentally assess the relative contribution of fomite transmission.Our findings indicate that while fomite transmission can occur in certain cases,the risk of fomite transmission in natural settings may be relatively low when appropriate hygiene practices are followed.These results may help optimize public health measures for more effective control of the COVID‐19 pandemic.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>To 1) characterize the decay curve of infective SARS-CoV-2 over time on the surface of cardboard packaging and plastic mailer packaging;2) characterize the transferability over ...<strong>Objective: </strong>To 1) characterize the decay curve of infective SARS-CoV-2 over time on the surface of cardboard packaging and plastic mailer packaging;2) characterize the transferability over time of virus-inoculated cardboard packaging and plastic mailer packaging to skin. <strong>Methods: </strong>We inoculated samples of plastic and cardboard packaging with a titer of SARS-CoV-2 > 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ mL to evaluate the survivability and transferability to the skin (pig skin) over time. A cell culture-based infectivity assay (TCID<sub>50</sub>) was used to determine viral titers. Regression analysis was used to characterize decay curves. <strong>Results:</strong> The time that SARS-CoV-2 remained transferable to skin was reduced on both packaging substrates compared to the total time of survivability, though cardboard demonstrated a substantially larger reduction. Virus inoculated plastic substrates continued to transfer the virus to the skin after 7 hours of holding time and regression analysis predicts this transferability would remain detectable up to 9.5 hours of holding time. Inoculated cardboard substrates demonstrated detectable transfer at 15 minutes of holding time, but no viable virus could be detected on the skin after 30 minutes of holding time. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The type of material used as a packaging substrate substantially modifies the potential for SARS-CoV-2 fomite transmission. The use of materials that limit fomite transmission from packaging should be considered among strategies to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Future research should investigate the generalizability of these findings for other viral pathogens that potentially transmit via fomite.展开更多
Transmission of viral pathogens has raised serious public health concerns,but the affinity and strength of viruses adhering to hightouch surfaces are not clear.We systematically investigated the propensities of a coro...Transmission of viral pathogens has raised serious public health concerns,but the affinity and strength of viruses adhering to hightouch surfaces are not clear.We systematically investigated the propensities of a coronavirus,Murine hepatitis virus A59(MHV),adhering onto and releasing from four representative contact surfaces,silica,stainless steel,cellulose,and polystyrene,in simulated saliva and urine using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D).We also quantified the interactions between MHV and contact surfaces using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Both initial adhesion rates and saturated adhesion mass of MHV were higher in urine buffer than in saliva buffer,which is attributed to the higher repulsions between the virus and surfaces in the presence of mucin.The maximum adhesion mass of MHV follows the order of stainless steel>silica>cellulose≈polystyrene in both urine and saliva buffers.Stainless steel and silica are surfaces with likely higher risks of virus contamination due to their highest maximum adhesion mass in both urine and saliva buffers and lower virus release percentages upon water rinse.The results of this study will provide insights into risk assessment and control of pathogens associated with contact surfaces.展开更多
基金supported by MHLW Research on Health Security Control Program Grant Number JPMH21LA1007.
文摘Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)is involved in aerosol particles and droplets excreted from a coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)patient.Such aerosol particles or droplets including infectious virions can be attached on fomite,so fomite is not a negligible route for SARS-CoV-2 transmission within a community,especially in indoor environment.This necessarily evokes a need of fomite disinfection to remove virions,but the extent to which fomite disinfection breaks off virus transmission chain in indoor environment is still elusive.In this study,we evaluated the fomite disinfection effectiveness on COVID-19 case number using network analysis that reproduced the reported indoor outbreaks.In the established network,virus can move around not only human but also air and fomite while growing in human and decaying in air and on fomite,and infection success was determined based on the exposed virus amount and the equation of probability of infection.The simulation results have demonstrated that infectious virions on fomite should be kept less than a hundred to sufficiently reduce COVID-19 case,and every-hour disinfection was required to avoid stochastic increase in the infection case.This study gives us a practical disinfection manner for fomite to control SARS-CoV-2 transmission in indoor environment.
基金supported by National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2300100)Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JSGG20220301090005007).
文摘Impact statement Throughout the COVID‐19 pandemic,the risk of fomite‐based transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS‐CoV‐2)has not been systematically investigated.In this study,we employed the K18‐hACE2 mouse infection model to experimentally assess the relative contribution of fomite transmission.Our findings indicate that while fomite transmission can occur in certain cases,the risk of fomite transmission in natural settings may be relatively low when appropriate hygiene practices are followed.These results may help optimize public health measures for more effective control of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>To 1) characterize the decay curve of infective SARS-CoV-2 over time on the surface of cardboard packaging and plastic mailer packaging;2) characterize the transferability over time of virus-inoculated cardboard packaging and plastic mailer packaging to skin. <strong>Methods: </strong>We inoculated samples of plastic and cardboard packaging with a titer of SARS-CoV-2 > 10<sup>6</sup> TCID<sub>50</sub>/ mL to evaluate the survivability and transferability to the skin (pig skin) over time. A cell culture-based infectivity assay (TCID<sub>50</sub>) was used to determine viral titers. Regression analysis was used to characterize decay curves. <strong>Results:</strong> The time that SARS-CoV-2 remained transferable to skin was reduced on both packaging substrates compared to the total time of survivability, though cardboard demonstrated a substantially larger reduction. Virus inoculated plastic substrates continued to transfer the virus to the skin after 7 hours of holding time and regression analysis predicts this transferability would remain detectable up to 9.5 hours of holding time. Inoculated cardboard substrates demonstrated detectable transfer at 15 minutes of holding time, but no viable virus could be detected on the skin after 30 minutes of holding time. <strong>Conclusions:</strong> The type of material used as a packaging substrate substantially modifies the potential for SARS-CoV-2 fomite transmission. The use of materials that limit fomite transmission from packaging should be considered among strategies to reduce the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Future research should investigate the generalizability of these findings for other viral pathogens that potentially transmit via fomite.
基金support by the start-up funds of X.L.received from the George Washington University(GW).
文摘Transmission of viral pathogens has raised serious public health concerns,but the affinity and strength of viruses adhering to hightouch surfaces are not clear.We systematically investigated the propensities of a coronavirus,Murine hepatitis virus A59(MHV),adhering onto and releasing from four representative contact surfaces,silica,stainless steel,cellulose,and polystyrene,in simulated saliva and urine using quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring(QCM-D).We also quantified the interactions between MHV and contact surfaces using atomic force microscopy(AFM).Both initial adhesion rates and saturated adhesion mass of MHV were higher in urine buffer than in saliva buffer,which is attributed to the higher repulsions between the virus and surfaces in the presence of mucin.The maximum adhesion mass of MHV follows the order of stainless steel>silica>cellulose≈polystyrene in both urine and saliva buffers.Stainless steel and silica are surfaces with likely higher risks of virus contamination due to their highest maximum adhesion mass in both urine and saliva buffers and lower virus release percentages upon water rinse.The results of this study will provide insights into risk assessment and control of pathogens associated with contact surfaces.
