Reaction flywheel is a significant actuator for satellites＇ attitude control. To improve output torque and rotational speed accuracy for reaction flywheel, this paper reviews the modeling and control approaches of DC...Reaction flywheel is a significant actuator for satellites＇ attitude control. To improve output torque and rotational speed accuracy for reaction flywheel, this paper reviews the modeling and control approaches of DC-DC converters and presents an application of the variable structure system theory with associated sliding regimes. Firstly, the topology of reaction flywheel is constructed. The small signal linearization process for a buck converter is illustrated. Then, based on the state averaging models and reaching qualification expressed by the Lee derivative, the general results of the sliding mode control （SMC） are analyzed. The analytical equivalent control laws for reaction flywheel are deduced detailedly by selecting various sliding surfaces at electromotion, energy consumption braking, reverse connection braking stages. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are presented for illustrative purposes. The results demonstrate that favorable agreement is established between the simulations and experiments. The proposed control strategy achieves preferable rotational speed regulation, strong rejection of modest disturbances, and high-precision output torque and rotational speed tracking abilities.展开更多
The existing research of the integrated power and attitude control system（IPACS） in satellites mainly focuses on the IPACS concept,which aims at solving the coupled problem between the attitude control and power tra...The existing research of the integrated power and attitude control system（IPACS） in satellites mainly focuses on the IPACS concept,which aims at solving the coupled problem between the attitude control and power tracking.In the IPACS,the configuration design of IPACS is usually not considered,and the coupled problem between two flywheels during the attitude control and energy storage has not been resolved.In this paper,an integrated power and single axis attitude control system using two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air table is designed.The control method of power and attitude control using flywheel is investigated and the coupling problem between energy storage and attitude control is resolved.A computer simulation of an integrated power and single axis attitude control system with two flywheels is performed,which consists of two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air rotary table.Both DC bus and a single axis attitude are the regulation goals.An attitude ＆ DC bus coordinator is put forward to separate DC bus regulation and attitude control problems.The simulation results of DC bus regulation and attitude control are presented respectively with a DC bus regulator and a simple PD attitude controller.The simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to integrate power and attitude control simultaneously for satellite using flywheels.The proposed research provides theory basis for design of the IPACS.展开更多
The application of virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control in flywheel energy storage systems(FESS)is an effective solution for addressing the challenges related to reduced inertia and inadequate power supply in mic...The application of virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control in flywheel energy storage systems(FESS)is an effective solution for addressing the challenges related to reduced inertia and inadequate power supply in microgrids.Considering the significant variations among individual units within a flywheel array and the poor frequency regulation performance under conventional control approaches,this paper proposes an adaptive VSG control strategy for a flywheel energy storage array(FESA).First,by leveraging the FESA model,a variable acceleration factor is integrated into the speed-balance control strategy to effectively achieve better state of charge(SOC)equalization across units.Furthermore,energy control with a dead zone is introduced to prevent SOC of the FESA from exceeding the limit.The dead zone parameter is designed based on the SOC warning intervals of the flywheel array to mitigate its impact on regular operation.In addition,VSG technology is applied for the grid-connected control of the FESA,and the damping characteristic of the VSG is decoupled from the primary frequency regulation through power differential feedback.This ensures optimal dynamic performance while reducing the need for frequent involvement in frequency regulation.Subsequently,a parameter design method is developed through a small-signal stability analysis.Consequently,considering the SOC of the FESA,an adaptive control strategy for the inertia damping and the P/ωdroop coefficient of the VSG control is proposed to optimize the grid support services of the FESA.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control methods is demonstrated through electromagnetic transient simulations using MATLAB/Simulink.展开更多
A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor ...A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor （BLDCM）. Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guaran- tee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter＇s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.展开更多
The control strategy is presented using passive and active hybrid magnetically suspended flywheels（P＆A MSFWs）,which can help meet the requirements of high precision and high stability for earth-observation satellit...The control strategy is presented using passive and active hybrid magnetically suspended flywheels（P＆A MSFWs）,which can help meet the requirements of high precision and high stability for earth-observation satellites.Compared with the conventional flywheel,P＆A MSFW has more rotation degrees of freedom（DOFs）since the rotor is suspended by magnetic bearings,and thus requires more efficient controllers.A modified sliding mode control law（SMC）to our novel nonlinear and coupled system is presented,which is interrupted by inertia matrix uncertainties and external disturbances.SMC law via Lyapunov method is improved,and a fuzzy control scheme is used to attenuate the chatting and control attitude accuracy and maintain the robustness of SMC.Simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our model by using our control law.展开更多
The centrifugal flywheel governor （CFG） is a mechanical device that automatically controls the speed of an engine and avoids the damage caused by sudden change of load torque. It has been shown that this system exhi...The centrifugal flywheel governor （CFG） is a mechanical device that automatically controls the speed of an engine and avoids the damage caused by sudden change of load torque. It has been shown that this system exhibits very rich and complex dynamics such as chaos. This paper investigates the problem of robust finite-time synchronization of non-autonomous chaotic CFGs. The effects of unknown parameters, model uncertainties and external disturbances are fully taken into account. First, it is assumed that the parameters of both master and slave CFGs have the same value and a suitable adaptive finite-time controller is designed. Second, two CFGs are synchronized with the parameters of different values via a robust adaptive finite-time control approach. Finally, some numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed finite-time controllers.展开更多
针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源...针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源出力波动及传统火电机组响应滞后特性,建立系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型;然后,构建储能系统参与第二道防线频率调整的控制策略模型,并制定差异化充放策略以平衡即时与长期调节需求;最后,在仿真平台进行验证,所提策略可使系统频率暂态恢复速度提升44.3%,有助于提升电力系统频率稳定性。展开更多
随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟...随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟同步机控制的飞轮储能的频率响应机理,在多类型储能参与电力系统一次调频时利用低通滤波环节对频率变化率信号进行处理,达到储能协调控制效果;接着,将多类型储能协调控制模型与包含新能源与传统火电的电力系统相结合,建立电力系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,利用该模型量化分析储能相关参数对系统频率变化率和稳态频率偏差的影响,并进行参数灵敏度分析;最后,在Matlab/Simulink上搭建模型,验证多类型储能相关调频参数对系统频率特性的影响。研究证明,新型电力系统调频单元考虑多类型储能协调控制能够提升电力系统频率稳定性。展开更多
随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对...随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对下垂控制系数进行改进,通过引入下垂附加系数和附加出力值来获得飞轮储能阵列所需的调频功率。然后,提出定时段功率比例负荷分配优化策略,基于飞轮单元SOC将飞轮分组,并按定时段功率比例对分组后的飞轮进行负荷分配,考虑最大出力约束以防止功率越限,在满足电网一次调频功率需求的前提下,保证各飞轮单元的负荷分配更加均衡。同时,设计一次调频结束后的飞轮单元SOC自恢复策略。最后,通过仿真案例对所提协调控制方法进行验证,并与传统的负荷分配策略进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够更合理地分配负荷给各飞轮单元,提高飞轮储能阵列能量利用率,更好地响应电网频率变化,有利于保障电网的安全稳定运行。展开更多
This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias princ...This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultane- ously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or mul- tiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.展开更多
Considering the nonlinear, multifunctional properties of double-flywheel with closed- loop control, a two-step method including clustering and principal component analysis is proposed to detect the two faults in the m...Considering the nonlinear, multifunctional properties of double-flywheel with closed- loop control, a two-step method including clustering and principal component analysis is proposed to detect the two faults in the multifunctional flywheels. At the first step of the proposed algorithm, clustering is taken as feature recognition to check the instructions of ＂integrated power and attitude control＂ system, such as attitude control, energy storage or energy discharge. These commands will ask the flywheel system to work in different operation modes. Therefore, the relationship of parameters in different operations can define the cluster structure of training data. Ordering points to identify the clustering structure （OPTICS） can automatically identify these clusters by the reachability-plot. K-means algorithm can divide the training data into the corresponding operations according to the teachability-plot. Finally, the last step of proposed model is used to define the rela- tionship of parameters in each operation through the principal component analysis （PCA） method. Compared with the PCA model, the proposed approach is capable of identifying the new clusters and learning the new behavior of incoming data. The simulation results show that it can effectively detect the faults in the multifunctional flywheels system.展开更多
The control law of the flywheel in an integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） for a spacecraft is investigated. The flywheels are used as attitude control actuators as well as energy storage device. A f...The control law of the flywheel in an integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） for a spacecraft is investigated. The flywheels are used as attitude control actuators as well as energy storage device. A feedback control law for attitude tracking is firstly developed by using Lyapunov approach, and then a torque based control law of the flywheel is studied. The control torque vector of the flywheel is decomposed into three parts which are orthogonal to one another by using the method of singularity value decomposition （SVD）. One part is used to provide the attitude control torque, another part is used to store energy with given power, and the last part is used to accomplish wheel speed equalization to avoid wheel saturation caused by large difference among the wheel spin rates. A management scheme for energy storage power using kinetic energy feedback is proposed to keep energy balance, which can avoid wheel saturation caused by superfluous energy. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61121003)
文摘Reaction flywheel is a significant actuator for satellites＇ attitude control. To improve output torque and rotational speed accuracy for reaction flywheel, this paper reviews the modeling and control approaches of DC-DC converters and presents an application of the variable structure system theory with associated sliding regimes. Firstly, the topology of reaction flywheel is constructed. The small signal linearization process for a buck converter is illustrated. Then, based on the state averaging models and reaching qualification expressed by the Lee derivative, the general results of the sliding mode control （SMC） are analyzed. The analytical equivalent control laws for reaction flywheel are deduced detailedly by selecting various sliding surfaces at electromotion, energy consumption braking, reverse connection braking stages. Finally, numerical and experimental examples are presented for illustrative purposes. The results demonstrate that favorable agreement is established between the simulations and experiments. The proposed control strategy achieves preferable rotational speed regulation, strong rejection of modest disturbances, and high-precision output torque and rotational speed tracking abilities.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 60704025)
文摘The existing research of the integrated power and attitude control system（IPACS） in satellites mainly focuses on the IPACS concept,which aims at solving the coupled problem between the attitude control and power tracking.In the IPACS,the configuration design of IPACS is usually not considered,and the coupled problem between two flywheels during the attitude control and energy storage has not been resolved.In this paper,an integrated power and single axis attitude control system using two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air table is designed.The control method of power and attitude control using flywheel is investigated and the coupling problem between energy storage and attitude control is resolved.A computer simulation of an integrated power and single axis attitude control system with two flywheels is performed,which consists of two counter rotating magnetically suspended flywheels mounted to an air rotary table.Both DC bus and a single axis attitude are the regulation goals.An attitude ＆ DC bus coordinator is put forward to separate DC bus regulation and attitude control problems.The simulation results of DC bus regulation and attitude control are presented respectively with a DC bus regulator and a simple PD attitude controller.The simulation results demonstrate that it is possible to integrate power and attitude control simultaneously for satellite using flywheels.The proposed research provides theory basis for design of the IPACS.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(51977160)“Voltage Self balancing Control Method for Modular Multilevel Converter Based on Switching State Matrix”.
文摘The application of virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control in flywheel energy storage systems(FESS)is an effective solution for addressing the challenges related to reduced inertia and inadequate power supply in microgrids.Considering the significant variations among individual units within a flywheel array and the poor frequency regulation performance under conventional control approaches,this paper proposes an adaptive VSG control strategy for a flywheel energy storage array(FESA).First,by leveraging the FESA model,a variable acceleration factor is integrated into the speed-balance control strategy to effectively achieve better state of charge(SOC)equalization across units.Furthermore,energy control with a dead zone is introduced to prevent SOC of the FESA from exceeding the limit.The dead zone parameter is designed based on the SOC warning intervals of the flywheel array to mitigate its impact on regular operation.In addition,VSG technology is applied for the grid-connected control of the FESA,and the damping characteristic of the VSG is decoupled from the primary frequency regulation through power differential feedback.This ensures optimal dynamic performance while reducing the need for frequent involvement in frequency regulation.Subsequently,a parameter design method is developed through a small-signal stability analysis.Consequently,considering the SOC of the FESA,an adaptive control strategy for the inertia damping and the P/ωdroop coefficient of the VSG control is proposed to optimize the grid support services of the FESA.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control methods is demonstrated through electromagnetic transient simulations using MATLAB/Simulink.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(10902003)
文摘A new attitude controller is proposed for spacecraft whose actuator has variable input saturation limit. There are three identical flywheels orthogonally mounted on board. Each rotor is driven by a brushless DC motor （BLDCM）. Models of spacecraft attitude dynamics and flywheel rotor driving motor electromechanics are discussed in detail. The controller design is similar to saturation limit linear assignment. An auxiliary parameter and a boundary coefficient are imported into the controller to guaran- tee system stability and improve control performance. A time-varying and state-dependent flywheel output torque saturation limit model is established. Stability of the closed-loop control system and asymptotic convergence of system states are proved via Lyapunov methods and LaSalle invariance principle. Boundedness of the auxiliary parameter ensures that the control objective can be achieved, while the boundary parameter＇s value makes a balance between system control performance and flywheel utilization efficiency. Compared with existing controllers, the newly developed controller with variable torque saturation limit can bring smoother control and faster system response. Numerical simulations validate the effectiveness of the controller.
文摘The control strategy is presented using passive and active hybrid magnetically suspended flywheels（P＆A MSFWs）,which can help meet the requirements of high precision and high stability for earth-observation satellites.Compared with the conventional flywheel,P＆A MSFW has more rotation degrees of freedom（DOFs）since the rotor is suspended by magnetic bearings,and thus requires more efficient controllers.A modified sliding mode control law（SMC）to our novel nonlinear and coupled system is presented,which is interrupted by inertia matrix uncertainties and external disturbances.SMC law via Lyapunov method is improved,and a fuzzy control scheme is used to attenuate the chatting and control attitude accuracy and maintain the robustness of SMC.Simulation results are provided to illustrate the efficiency of our model by using our control law.
文摘The centrifugal flywheel governor （CFG） is a mechanical device that automatically controls the speed of an engine and avoids the damage caused by sudden change of load torque. It has been shown that this system exhibits very rich and complex dynamics such as chaos. This paper investigates the problem of robust finite-time synchronization of non-autonomous chaotic CFGs. The effects of unknown parameters, model uncertainties and external disturbances are fully taken into account. First, it is assumed that the parameters of both master and slave CFGs have the same value and a suitable adaptive finite-time controller is designed. Second, two CFGs are synchronized with the parameters of different values via a robust adaptive finite-time control approach. Finally, some numerical simulations are used to demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed finite-time controllers.
文摘针对低惯量系统难以应对因高比例新能源接入引发的频率突变问题,提出一种考虑多类储能参与电力系统频率调节的协同控制策略。首先,通过低通滤波处理频率变化率信号,实现电化学与飞轮储能协调控制;再结合多类型储能协调控制模型、新能源出力波动及传统火电机组响应滞后特性,建立系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型;然后,构建储能系统参与第二道防线频率调整的控制策略模型,并制定差异化充放策略以平衡即时与长期调节需求;最后,在仿真平台进行验证,所提策略可使系统频率暂态恢复速度提升44.3%,有助于提升电力系统频率稳定性。
文摘随着新型电力系统有功-频率耦合特性逐渐复杂化,传统单一储能并网调频策略给电力系统一次调频带来巨大压力,多类型储能组合参与一次调频模式及储能协同控制下的电网频率特性亟需研究。该文分别研究基于下垂控制的电化学储能与基于虚拟同步机控制的飞轮储能的频率响应机理,在多类型储能参与电力系统一次调频时利用低通滤波环节对频率变化率信号进行处理,达到储能协调控制效果;接着,将多类型储能协调控制模型与包含新能源与传统火电的电力系统相结合,建立电力系统频率响应(system frequency response,SFR)模型,利用该模型量化分析储能相关参数对系统频率变化率和稳态频率偏差的影响,并进行参数灵敏度分析;最后,在Matlab/Simulink上搭建模型,验证多类型储能相关调频参数对系统频率特性的影响。研究证明,新型电力系统调频单元考虑多类型储能协调控制能够提升电力系统频率稳定性。
文摘随着新能源装机容量不断增长,电网一次调频能力随之减弱,飞轮储能技术有益于提升电网频率稳定性和可靠性。针对该问题,提出一种飞轮储能阵列参与电网一次调频的协调控制方法。首先,基于飞轮储能阵列荷电状态(state of charge, SOC)值对下垂控制系数进行改进,通过引入下垂附加系数和附加出力值来获得飞轮储能阵列所需的调频功率。然后,提出定时段功率比例负荷分配优化策略,基于飞轮单元SOC将飞轮分组,并按定时段功率比例对分组后的飞轮进行负荷分配,考虑最大出力约束以防止功率越限,在满足电网一次调频功率需求的前提下,保证各飞轮单元的负荷分配更加均衡。同时,设计一次调频结束后的飞轮单元SOC自恢复策略。最后,通过仿真案例对所提协调控制方法进行验证,并与传统的负荷分配策略进行对比,结果表明所提方法能够更合理地分配负荷给各飞轮单元,提高飞轮储能阵列能量利用率,更好地响应电网频率变化,有利于保障电网的安全稳定运行。
文摘This paper investigates the problem of two-stage extended Kalman filter （TSEKF）-based fault estimation for reaction flywheels in satellite attitude control systems （ACSs）. Firstly, based on the separate-bias principle, a satellite ACSs with actuator fault is transformed into an augmented nonlinear discrete stochastic model; then, a novel TSEKF is suggested such that it can simultane- ously estimate satellite attitude information and actuator faults no matter they are additive or mul- tiplicative; finally, the proposed approach is respectively applied to estimating bias faults and loss of effectiveness for reaction flywheels in satellite ACSs, and simulation results demonstrate the effec- tiveness of the proposed fault estimation approach.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2012CB720003)
文摘Considering the nonlinear, multifunctional properties of double-flywheel with closed- loop control, a two-step method including clustering and principal component analysis is proposed to detect the two faults in the multifunctional flywheels. At the first step of the proposed algorithm, clustering is taken as feature recognition to check the instructions of ＂integrated power and attitude control＂ system, such as attitude control, energy storage or energy discharge. These commands will ask the flywheel system to work in different operation modes. Therefore, the relationship of parameters in different operations can define the cluster structure of training data. Ordering points to identify the clustering structure （OPTICS） can automatically identify these clusters by the reachability-plot. K-means algorithm can divide the training data into the corresponding operations according to the teachability-plot. Finally, the last step of proposed model is used to define the rela- tionship of parameters in each operation through the principal component analysis （PCA） method. Compared with the PCA model, the proposed approach is capable of identifying the new clusters and learning the new behavior of incoming data. The simulation results show that it can effectively detect the faults in the multifunctional flywheels system.
文摘The control law of the flywheel in an integrated power and attitude control system （IPACS） for a spacecraft is investigated. The flywheels are used as attitude control actuators as well as energy storage device. A feedback control law for attitude tracking is firstly developed by using Lyapunov approach, and then a torque based control law of the flywheel is studied. The control torque vector of the flywheel is decomposed into three parts which are orthogonal to one another by using the method of singularity value decomposition （SVD）. One part is used to provide the attitude control torque, another part is used to store energy with given power, and the last part is used to accomplish wheel speed equalization to avoid wheel saturation caused by large difference among the wheel spin rates. A management scheme for energy storage power using kinetic energy feedback is proposed to keep energy balance, which can avoid wheel saturation caused by superfluous energy. Numerical simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the control scheme.
