In recent years,more and more creatures in nature have become the source of inspiration for people to study bionic soft robots.Many such robots appear in the public’s vision.In this paper,a Venus flytrap robot simila...In recent years,more and more creatures in nature have become the source of inspiration for people to study bionic soft robots.Many such robots appear in the public’s vision.In this paper,a Venus flytrap robot similar to the biological Venus flytrap in appearance was designed and prepared.It was mainly cast by Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMs)and driven by the flexible material of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites(IPMCs).Combining with ANSYS and related experiments,the appropriate voltage and the size of IPMC were determined.The results showed that the performance of the Venus flytrap robot was the closest to the biological Venus flytrap when the size of IPMC length,width and driving voltage reach to 3 cm,1 cm and 5.5 V,respectively.Moreover,the closing speed and angle reached 8.22°/s and 37°,respectively.Finally,the fly traps also could be opened and closed repeatedly and captured a small ball with a mass of 0.3 g firmly in its middle and tip.展开更多
Unlike most animals,plants fail to move bodily at will.However,movements also occur in every single part of plants out of energy and nutrients needs,spanning from milliseconds to hours on a time scale.And with the gro...Unlike most animals,plants fail to move bodily at will.However,movements also occur in every single part of plants out of energy and nutrients needs,spanning from milliseconds to hours on a time scale.And with the growing understanding of plant movement in the academic community,bionic soft robots based on plant movement principles are increasingly studied and are considered by scientists as a source of inspiration for innovative engineering solutions.In this paper,through the study of the biological morphology,microstructure,and motion mechanism of the flytrap,we developed chambered design rules,and designed and fabricated a gas-driven bionic flytrap blade,intending to investigate its feasibility of performing complex bending deformation.The experimental result shows that the bionic flytrap blade can achieve multi-dimensional bending deformation,and complete the bending and closing action within 2 s.The performance of the bionic flytrap blade fabricated is in high agreement with the real flytrap blade in terms of bending and deformation,achieving an excellent bionic design effect.In this study,the chambered design rules of the bionic flytrap blade were proposed and developed,and the possibility of its deformation was investigated.The effects of different chamber types and different flow channel design precepts on the bending deformation of the bionic flytrap blade were revealed,together with the relationship between the response time and flow rate of the bionic flytrap blade.At last,this study provides new ideas for the study of plant blade motion mechanism in a hope to expand the application fields of bionic robots,especially hope to offer solutions for plant-type robotics.展开更多
Venus flytrap can sense the very small insects that touch its tactile receptors,known as trigger hairs,and thus capture prey to maintain its nutrient demand.However,there are few studies on the trigger hair and its mo...Venus flytrap can sense the very small insects that touch its tactile receptors,known as trigger hairs,and thus capture prey to maintain its nutrient demand.However,there are few studies on the trigger hair and its morphological structure and material properties are not fully understood.In this study,the trigger hair is systematically characterized with the help of diff erent instruments.Results show that trigger hair is a special cantilever beam structure and it has a large longitudinal diameter ratio.Besides,it is composed of a hair lever and a basal podium,and there is a notch near the hair base.The crosssection of the trigger hair is approximately a honeycomb structure,which is composed of many holes.Methods to measure mechanical properties of trigger hair are introduced in this paper.Based on the mechanical tests,trigger hair proved to be a variable stiff ness structure and shows a high sensitivity to the external force.These features can provide supports for the understanding of the high-sensitivity sensing mechanism of trigger hairs from the perspective of structure and material,and off er inspirations for the development of high-performance tactile sensors.展开更多
Because of its adaptive interfacial property,soft sensors/actuators can be used to perform more delicate tasks than their rigid counterparts.However,plant epidermis with a waxy cuticle layer challenges stable and high...Because of its adaptive interfacial property,soft sensors/actuators can be used to perform more delicate tasks than their rigid counterparts.However,plant epidermis with a waxy cuticle layer challenges stable and high-fidelity non-invasive electrophysiology since the conventional electrodes are invasive,easily detached from plants,and require complicated setup procedures.Here,we report a bioinspired sensor and actuator created by using a conformable electrode interface as an electrical modulation unit on a Venus flytrap.Our conformable electrode,by employing an adhesive hydrogel layer,can achieve the merits of low impedance,stretchable,biocompatible,reusable,and transparent enough for normal chlorophyll activity to occur.Owing to the high sensitivity of a flytrap to a triggering mechanical stimulation,a plant sensor matrix based on flytraps has been demonstrated by capturing the stimulated action potential(AP)signals from upper epidermis,which can orient honeybee colonies by their touch during collecting nectar.Moreover,via frequency-dependent AP modulation,an autonomous on-demand actuation on a flytrap is realized.The flytrap actuator can be controlled to responsively grasp tiny objects by the modulated signals triggered by a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).This work paves a way of developing autonomous plant-based sensors and actuators toward smart agriculture and intelligent robots.展开更多
Mechanosensors,as the core component of a proprioceptive system,can detect many types of mechanical signals in their surroundings,such as force signals,displacement signals,and vibration signals.It is understandable t...Mechanosensors,as the core component of a proprioceptive system,can detect many types of mechanical signals in their surroundings,such as force signals,displacement signals,and vibration signals.It is understandable that the development of an all-new mechanosensory structure that can be widely used is highly desirable.This is because it can markedly improve the detection performance of mechanosensors.Coincidentally,in nature,optimized microscale trigger hairs of Venus flytrap are ingeniously used as a mechanosensory structure.These trigger hairs are utilized for tactile mechanosensilla to efficiently detect external mechanical stimuli.Biological trigger hair-based mechanosensilla offer an all-new bio-inspired strategy.This strategy utilizes the notch structure and variable stiffness to enhance the perceptual performance of mechanosensors.In this study,the structure-performance-application coupling relationship of trigger hair-based mechanosensors is explored through experiment and analysis.An artificial trigger hair-based mechanosensor is developed by mimicking the deformation properties of the Venus flytrap trigger hair.This bio-inspired mechanosensor shows excellent performance in terms of mechanical stability,response time,and sensitivity to mechanical signals.展开更多
Nature-derived distinctive architectures hold great promise for boosting supercapacitor performance through their multi-scale ion transport pathways and robust frameworks.However,simultaneously achieving interfacial c...Nature-derived distinctive architectures hold great promise for boosting supercapacitor performance through their multi-scale ion transport pathways and robust frameworks.However,simultaneously achieving interfacial charge modulation to break high energy-density limitations remains a fundamental challenge.Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical porosity and stimulus-responsive behavior of Dionaea muscipula(Venus flytrap)leaves,we engineer a biomimetic MnP_(4)/CoP_(2) heterostructure through NH_(4)F-mediated hydrothermal synthesis and gas-phase phosphidation.The Venus flytrap-like nanosheet-nanowire network establishes dual-scale ion transport pathways:Primary nanosheets(7-10μm)enable axial electrolyte diffusion highway,while vertically aligned secondary nanowires(~700 nm)enhance radial penetration via nanoconfined capillary effects.Concurrently,the MnP_(4)/CoP_(2) heterointerface generates a built-in electric field(work function difference:0.219 eV),driving interfacial electron transfer and modulating Mn/Co valence states to optimize OH−adsorption energy(−3.51 eV)as confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This synergistic integration of morphology and interfacial engineering yields exceptional electrochemical performance:a high areal capacity of 3014 mC·cm^(−2) at 1 mA·cm^(−2),and 70.58%capacity retention after 8000 cycles.When paired with YP-50 in an asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC),the MnP_(4)/CoP_(2)//YP-50 device delivers a high energy density of 88.5 Wh·kg^(−1) at 798.8 W·kg^(−1),outperforming state-of-the-art Mn/Co-based systems.In addition,the ASC exhibits exceptional cycling stability(68.29%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1))and practical viability,powering 12 light-emitting diodes(LEDs)for over 10 min.Our work proposes a design principle that integrates the wisdom of natural structures with rational heterostructure configuration,providing a scalable paradigm for developing advanced energy storage materials.展开更多
基金financial assistance from the Key Laboratory Project of Expressway Construction Machinery of Shaanxi Province,China(300102259510)the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2018ZDXM-GY-088)+1 种基金Analysis and compensation friction error of inclined installation feed system for NC machine tools,China(17JK0509)Study on mechanism and suppression strategy of friction error for CNC machine tools,China(2017JM5042).
文摘In recent years,more and more creatures in nature have become the source of inspiration for people to study bionic soft robots.Many such robots appear in the public’s vision.In this paper,a Venus flytrap robot similar to the biological Venus flytrap in appearance was designed and prepared.It was mainly cast by Polydimethylsiloxane(PDMs)and driven by the flexible material of Ionic Polymer Metal Composites(IPMCs).Combining with ANSYS and related experiments,the appropriate voltage and the size of IPMC were determined.The results showed that the performance of the Venus flytrap robot was the closest to the biological Venus flytrap when the size of IPMC length,width and driving voltage reach to 3 cm,1 cm and 5.5 V,respectively.Moreover,the closing speed and angle reached 8.22°/s and 37°,respectively.Finally,the fly traps also could be opened and closed repeatedly and captured a small ball with a mass of 0.3 g firmly in its middle and tip.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China,51905084the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province,YQ2021E002.
文摘Unlike most animals,plants fail to move bodily at will.However,movements also occur in every single part of plants out of energy and nutrients needs,spanning from milliseconds to hours on a time scale.And with the growing understanding of plant movement in the academic community,bionic soft robots based on plant movement principles are increasingly studied and are considered by scientists as a source of inspiration for innovative engineering solutions.In this paper,through the study of the biological morphology,microstructure,and motion mechanism of the flytrap,we developed chambered design rules,and designed and fabricated a gas-driven bionic flytrap blade,intending to investigate its feasibility of performing complex bending deformation.The experimental result shows that the bionic flytrap blade can achieve multi-dimensional bending deformation,and complete the bending and closing action within 2 s.The performance of the bionic flytrap blade fabricated is in high agreement with the real flytrap blade in terms of bending and deformation,achieving an excellent bionic design effect.In this study,the chambered design rules of the bionic flytrap blade were proposed and developed,and the possibility of its deformation was investigated.The effects of different chamber types and different flow channel design precepts on the bending deformation of the bionic flytrap blade were revealed,together with the relationship between the response time and flow rate of the bionic flytrap blade.At last,this study provides new ideas for the study of plant blade motion mechanism in a hope to expand the application fields of bionic robots,especially hope to offer solutions for plant-type robotics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant no.52005355]Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China[Grant no.2020M671575]+2 种基金Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering(Ministry of Education),Jilin University[Grant no.KF20200004]Opening Project of the Key Laboratory of Advanced Robotics of Jiangsu Provience[Grant no.JAR201901]Natural Natural Science Research Project of Higher Education of Jiangsu Province[Grant no.20KJB460007].
文摘Venus flytrap can sense the very small insects that touch its tactile receptors,known as trigger hairs,and thus capture prey to maintain its nutrient demand.However,there are few studies on the trigger hair and its morphological structure and material properties are not fully understood.In this study,the trigger hair is systematically characterized with the help of diff erent instruments.Results show that trigger hair is a special cantilever beam structure and it has a large longitudinal diameter ratio.Besides,it is composed of a hair lever and a basal podium,and there is a notch near the hair base.The crosssection of the trigger hair is approximately a honeycomb structure,which is composed of many holes.Methods to measure mechanical properties of trigger hair are introduced in this paper.Based on the mechanical tests,trigger hair proved to be a variable stiff ness structure and shows a high sensitivity to the external force.These features can provide supports for the understanding of the high-sensitivity sensing mechanism of trigger hairs from the perspective of structure and material,and off er inspirations for the development of high-performance tactile sensors.
基金This research was supported by the Shanxi Province Science Foundation(No.20210302123190)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.HGKY2019022).
文摘Because of its adaptive interfacial property,soft sensors/actuators can be used to perform more delicate tasks than their rigid counterparts.However,plant epidermis with a waxy cuticle layer challenges stable and high-fidelity non-invasive electrophysiology since the conventional electrodes are invasive,easily detached from plants,and require complicated setup procedures.Here,we report a bioinspired sensor and actuator created by using a conformable electrode interface as an electrical modulation unit on a Venus flytrap.Our conformable electrode,by employing an adhesive hydrogel layer,can achieve the merits of low impedance,stretchable,biocompatible,reusable,and transparent enough for normal chlorophyll activity to occur.Owing to the high sensitivity of a flytrap to a triggering mechanical stimulation,a plant sensor matrix based on flytraps has been demonstrated by capturing the stimulated action potential(AP)signals from upper epidermis,which can orient honeybee colonies by their touch during collecting nectar.Moreover,via frequency-dependent AP modulation,an autonomous on-demand actuation on a flytrap is realized.The flytrap actuator can be controlled to responsively grasp tiny objects by the modulated signals triggered by a triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG).This work paves a way of developing autonomous plant-based sensors and actuators toward smart agriculture and intelligent robots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant nos.52005355 and 52005356)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK2020881).
文摘Mechanosensors,as the core component of a proprioceptive system,can detect many types of mechanical signals in their surroundings,such as force signals,displacement signals,and vibration signals.It is understandable that the development of an all-new mechanosensory structure that can be widely used is highly desirable.This is because it can markedly improve the detection performance of mechanosensors.Coincidentally,in nature,optimized microscale trigger hairs of Venus flytrap are ingeniously used as a mechanosensory structure.These trigger hairs are utilized for tactile mechanosensilla to efficiently detect external mechanical stimuli.Biological trigger hair-based mechanosensilla offer an all-new bio-inspired strategy.This strategy utilizes the notch structure and variable stiffness to enhance the perceptual performance of mechanosensors.In this study,the structure-performance-application coupling relationship of trigger hair-based mechanosensors is explored through experiment and analysis.An artificial trigger hair-based mechanosensor is developed by mimicking the deformation properties of the Venus flytrap trigger hair.This bio-inspired mechanosensor shows excellent performance in terms of mechanical stability,response time,and sensitivity to mechanical signals.
基金funded by the soft science project of Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.24692115200)the project of Digital Medical Research Institute,School of Medicine,Shanghai University(No.SHU-UM-JBGS-2025-11)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12304467)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2023M732175)Tianjin Science and Technology Program Project(No.24YFZCSN00100)In addition,we also appreciate the High Performance Computing Center of Shanghai University,and Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Intelligent Computing System(No.19DZ2252600)for supplying computational facilities and technical assistance.
文摘Nature-derived distinctive architectures hold great promise for boosting supercapacitor performance through their multi-scale ion transport pathways and robust frameworks.However,simultaneously achieving interfacial charge modulation to break high energy-density limitations remains a fundamental challenge.Drawing inspiration from the hierarchical porosity and stimulus-responsive behavior of Dionaea muscipula(Venus flytrap)leaves,we engineer a biomimetic MnP_(4)/CoP_(2) heterostructure through NH_(4)F-mediated hydrothermal synthesis and gas-phase phosphidation.The Venus flytrap-like nanosheet-nanowire network establishes dual-scale ion transport pathways:Primary nanosheets(7-10μm)enable axial electrolyte diffusion highway,while vertically aligned secondary nanowires(~700 nm)enhance radial penetration via nanoconfined capillary effects.Concurrently,the MnP_(4)/CoP_(2) heterointerface generates a built-in electric field(work function difference:0.219 eV),driving interfacial electron transfer and modulating Mn/Co valence states to optimize OH−adsorption energy(−3.51 eV)as confirmed by density functional theory(DFT)calculations.This synergistic integration of morphology and interfacial engineering yields exceptional electrochemical performance:a high areal capacity of 3014 mC·cm^(−2) at 1 mA·cm^(−2),and 70.58%capacity retention after 8000 cycles.When paired with YP-50 in an asymmetric supercapacitor(ASC),the MnP_(4)/CoP_(2)//YP-50 device delivers a high energy density of 88.5 Wh·kg^(−1) at 798.8 W·kg^(−1),outperforming state-of-the-art Mn/Co-based systems.In addition,the ASC exhibits exceptional cycling stability(68.29%capacity retention after 10,000 cycles at 5 A·g^(−1))and practical viability,powering 12 light-emitting diodes(LEDs)for over 10 min.Our work proposes a design principle that integrates the wisdom of natural structures with rational heterostructure configuration,providing a scalable paradigm for developing advanced energy storage materials.
