Coking at the fractionating tower bottom and the decant oil circulation system disrupts the heat balance,leading to unplanned shutdown and destroying the long period stable operation of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Un...Coking at the fractionating tower bottom and the decant oil circulation system disrupts the heat balance,leading to unplanned shutdown and destroying the long period stable operation of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit(FCCU).The FCCU operates through interconnected subsystems,generating high-dimensional,nonlinear,and non-stationary data characterized by spatiotemporally correlated.The decant oil solid content is the crucial indicator for monitoring catalyst loss from the reactor-regenerator system and coking risk tendency at the fractionating tower bottom that relies on sampling and laboratory testing,which is lagging responsiveness and labor-intensive.Developing the online decant oil solid content soft sensor using industrial data to support operators in conducting predictive maintenance is essential.Therefore,this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning framework for soft sensor development that combines spatiotemporal pattern extraction with interpretability,enabling accurate risk identification in dynamic operational conditions.This framework employs a Filter-Wrapper method for dimensionality reduction,followed by a 2D Convolutional Neural Network(2DCNN)for extracting spatial patterns,and a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(BiGRU)for capturing long-term temporal dependencies,with an Attention Mechanism(AM)to highlight critical features adaptively.The integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP),Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN),2DCNN,and expert knowledge precisely quantifies feature contributions and decomposes signals,significantly enhancing the practicality of risk identification.Applied to a China refinery with processing capacity of 2.80×10^(6) t/a,the soft sensor achieved the R^(2) value of 0.93 and five-level risk identification accuracy of 96.42%.These results demonstrate the framework's accuracy,robustness,and suitability for complex industrial scenarios,advancing risk visualization and management.展开更多
Smart low-solid drilling fluids(SLSDFs)with thermo-controllable rheological properties and attractive thickening characteristics have recently captivated profound attention due to their low formation damage and enhanc...Smart low-solid drilling fluids(SLSDFs)with thermo-controllable rheological properties and attractive thickening characteristics have recently captivated profound attention due to their low formation damage and enhanced cuttings lifting capacity.However,their applications to deep hole drilling at high temperatures have remained limited because of the thermal instability and environmental constraints of the thermo-associating polymers as additives.This work explored the synergistic benefits of thermo-associating polymer and biogenic nano-silica(B-SiNP)extracted from rice husk to improve the thermo-stability of SLSDF.This study shows that the nano-hybrid,TAP-S based on vinyl-terminated B-SiNP could potentially mitigate the limiting performance of conventional LSDF(F-2)caused by the failure of thermo-associating copolymers under elevated temperatures.TAP-S bearing drilling fluid(F-3)could preserve more than 5.6-fold of its initial properties(ca.apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,yield point,and gel strength)with a nearly flat-gel profile in the temperature range of 25-230℃,which was higher than those of the counterpart F-2 and base fluid according to the results of rheological tests analysis.In addition,TAP-S exhibited an abrupt thermo-thickening characteristic with a magnitude declining by only 1.05-fold and the activation Gibbs free energy of 1339 kJ/mol above the plateau(ca.130℃),reflecting its less sensitivity compared to F-2 under a continuous heating process.As a result,a lower temperature was required to drive the dehydration of the residual fraction of lower critical solution temperature(LCST)in nano-hybrid structures than TAP according to the results of DSC analysis.Thus,lower energy was expected to disintegrate the residual hydrogen bonds formed between the LCST chains and surrounding water molecules at elevated temperatures.Moreover,TAP-S formed a solid-micro-crosslinking structure network which exhibited a more stable hydrodynamic diameter as revealed by DLS analysis.Compared with TAP,TAP-S consisted of a larger composite B-SiNP-TAP integrated spatial network structure based on the results of environmental scanning electron microscope,which conferred a degree of thermal conductivity characteristic for improved temperature resistance.This contributed to the effective binding onto bentonite particles for protection and maintained a relatively stable bentonite particle dispersion according to the results of EPM and particle size distribution analyses.Consequently,TAP-S fortified drilling fluid demonstrates improved rheological and filtration performance under severe downhole conditions.Therefore,TAP-S,the thermo-associating copolymer integrated with B-SiNP could find potential application as an eco-friendly viscosifier in LSDFs for deep-well drilling operations.展开更多
In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar perce...In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.展开更多
Two types of ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid additives were designed and developed:an ultra-high-temperature resistant salt-tolerant polymer fluid loss reducer,and an ultra-high-temperature...Two types of ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid additives were designed and developed:an ultra-high-temperature resistant salt-tolerant polymer fluid loss reducer,and an ultra-high-temperature resistant micro-nano plugging agent.An ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid system meeting the requirements of ultra-deep well drilling was established.Laboratory test and field application were employed for performance evaluation.The ultra-high-temperature and high-salt resistant polymer fluid loss reducer exhibits a mesh-like membrane structure with numerous cross-linking points,and its high-temperature and high-pressure(HTHP)loss was 28.2 m L after aging at 220℃under saturated salt conditions.The ultra-high-temperature resistant micro-nano plugging agent adaptively filled mud cake pores/fractures through deformation,thus reducing the fluid loss.At elevated temperatures,it transitioned to a viscoelastic state to effectively cement the rock on wellbore wall and enhanced wall stability.The ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid system with a density of 1.6 g/cm^(3)exhibits excellent rheological properties at high temperature and high pressure.Its HTHP fluid loss at 220℃was only 9.6 m L.It maintains a stable performance under high-temperature and high-salt conditions,with a sedimentation factor below 0.52 after holding at high temperature for 7 d,and generates no H_(2)S gas after aging,demonstrating good lubricity and safety.This drilling fluid system has been successfully applied in the 10000-meter ultra-deep well of China,Shenditake 1,in Tarim Oilfield,ensuring the well's successful drilling to a depth of 10910 m.展开更多
Halide solid-state electrolytes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their high ionic conductivity,making them promising candidates for future all-solid-state batteries.Recent studies have identifi...Halide solid-state electrolytes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their high ionic conductivity,making them promising candidates for future all-solid-state batteries.Recent studies have identified numerous crystal structures with the Li_(3)MX_(6)composition,although many remain unexplored across various chemical systems.In this research,we developed a comprehensive method to examine all conceivable space groups and structures within theLi-M-X system,where M includes In,Ga,and La,and X includes F,Cl,Br,and 1.Our findings revealed two metastable structures:Li_(3)InF_(6)with P3c1 symmetry and Li_(3)InI_(6)with C2/c symmetry,exhibiting ionic conductivities of 0.55 and 2.18mS/cm at 300K,respectively.Notably,the trigonal symmetry of Li3InF6 demonstrates that high ionic conductivities are not limited to monoclinic structures but can also be achieved with trigonal symmetries.The electrochemical stability windows,mechanical properties,and reaction energies of these materials with known cathodes suggest their potential for use in all-solid-state batteries.Additionally,we predicted the stability of novel materials,including Li_(5)InCl_(8),Li_(5)InBr_(8),Li_(5)InI_(8),LiIn_(2)Cl_(9),LiIn_(2)Br_(9),and LiIn_(2)I_(9).展开更多
The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO_(3)S by combining bond valence theo...The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO_(3)S by combining bond valence theory and density functional theory calculations.The material features a wide band gap of 4.0 eV and a considerable reduced Na^(+)migration barrier of 0.44 eV,a 1.26-eV decrease compared to pristine Na MgPO_(4)(~1.70 eV).Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further reveal significantly enhanced ionic conductivity in the oxysulfide-based system compared to the pristine oxide structure.In addition,the calculated decomposition energy indicates that the modified material exhibits good moisture stability.Our findings suggest that sulfur-doping strategy can simultaneously achieve improved ionic conductivity and high moisture stability in oxide solid electrolytes,which could pave the way for designing high-performance solid electrolytes.展开更多
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellula...Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms,including inflammation,cell migration,and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways.One of the most challenging complications of RRD is proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),which refers to the proliferation and contraction of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal surface and in the vitreous cavity.PVR is a major cause of surgical failure in RRD,as it can lead to recurrent retinal detachment and severe vision loss.However,the pathogenesis of PVR is not yet fully understood,and the treatment options are quite limited.Recent advances in analytical techniques have offered valuable insights into the molecular alterations present in the subretinal fluid(SRF)of patients with RRD.This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the SRF profile in RRD and PVR,emphasizing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.展开更多
Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the deve...Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.展开更多
The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesi...The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.展开更多
This letter addresses challenges in the clinical translation of BIBR1532,a promising telomerase inhibitor,for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).BIBR1532 exerts its anti-cancer effect by activat...This letter addresses challenges in the clinical translation of BIBR1532,a promising telomerase inhibitor,for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).BIBR1532 exerts its anti-cancer effect by activating DNA damage response(ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2)pathways and downregulating telomere-binding proteins.Although its therapeutic potential is limited by poor aqueous solubility,solid dispersion(SD)technology may overcome this obstacle.Systematic analysis using PubChem-derived simplified molecular input line entry system identifiers and artificial intelligence-driven FormulationDT platform evaluation(oral formulation feasibility index:0.38)revealed that the SD technology,with superior scalability(32 approved products by 2021)and lower production risks,outperforms lipid-based formulations as an optimal dissolution strategy.Material analysis revealed hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)as the optimal carrier with lower hygroscopicity,higher temperature and no intestinal targeting,thus enabling ESCC therapy.HPMC-based SD enhances BIBR1532 solubility and bioavailability for effective ESCC treatment.Future studies should focus on pilot tests for SD fabrication.展开更多
To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer ...To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer of perovskite-type Li_(0.37)Sr_(0.44)Zr_(0.25)Ta_(0.75)O_(3)(LSZT)electrolyte(thickness of 0.5 mm)sandwiched between two layers of composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE,each with a thickness of 0.1 mm).The thin CSPE interlayer not only effectively reduces interfacial resistance between LSZT and electrodes,but also suppresses Li-induced reduction degradation of LSZT while ensuring uniform current density distribution across the interface.The SSE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 8.76×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 30℃,increasing to 1.13×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)at 100℃,with an activation energy of 0.36 eV.In addition,SSE is stable for Li metal and achieves electrochemical stability up to 4.58 V vs.Li^(+)/Li.SSE shows outstanding electrode/electrolyte interfacial compatibility and significant suppression of the growth of Li dendrite.Ascribing to these merits,Li|SSE|Li symmetric cell maintained stable operation for 500 h at a current density of 0.3 mA·cm^(−2)without short circuit,confirming robust interfacial compatibility between SSE and Li electrode.The all-solid-state LiFePO_(4)|Li battery with SSE has an initial reversible discharge capacity of 109.8 mAh·g^(−1)and a reversible capacity of 118.1 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 0.1C(30℃),demonstrating good cycling performance.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a structural engineering strategy to address these challenges through shear-induced crystallization of concentrated PEO-LiTFSI solutions,which self-assemble into flower-like spherulites with radially aligned lamellar crystals.This unique structure creates continuous Li^(+)transport highways through densely packed crystalline domains,achieving a record-high ionic conductivity of 1.70×10^(-4) S/cm at 25℃ for pristine PEO-based systems.Strategic incorporation of lithium montmorillonite(MMTli,10 wt%)further optimizes the composite electrolyte,balancing high ionic conductivity(1.47×10^(-4) S/cm)with enhanced electrochemical stability(4.99 V vs.Li^(+)/Li),elevated Li^(+)transference number(0.62),and mechanical robustness.The composite electrolyte enables stable Li plating/stripping over 800 h in symmetric Li||Li cells and powers LiFePO_(4)||Li solid-state batteries with 82%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient conditions.This work pioneers a scalable processing paradigm for crystalline polymer electrolytes,offering new insights into ion transport mechanisms and validating clay minerals as multifunctional additives for next-generation energy storage systems.展开更多
Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of EC...Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.展开更多
As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises s...As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.展开更多
When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may aff...When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may affect the initiation and propagation of fractures within brittle materials.Understanding the physical mechanisms leading to failure is crucial for underground engineering applications and geo-energy exploration and storage.We conducted triaxial compression experiments on porous Bentheim sandstone samples at different stress paths and pressure change rates.First,at a constant confining pressure of 35 MPa and pore pressure of 5 MPa,intact cylindrical samples were axially loaded up to about 85%of the peak strength.Subsequently,the axial piston position was fixed,and then either the pore pressure was increased or the confining pressure was decreased at two different rates(0.5 MPa/min or 2 MPa/min),leading to final catastrophic failure.The mechanical results revealed that samples subjected to higher rates of decreasing effective confining pressure exhibited larger stress drop rates,higher slip rates,higher total breakdown work,higher rates of acoustic emissions(AEs)before failure,and higher post-failure AE decay rates.In contrast,the applied stress path did not significantly affect rock failure characteristics.Comparison of located AE events with post-mortem microstructures of deformed samples shows a good agreement.The AE source type determined from the P-wave first-motion polarity shows that shear failure dominated the fracture process when approaching failure.Gutenberg-Richter b-values revealed a significant decrease before failure in all tests.Our results indicate that,in contrast to the stress path,the rate of effective stress change strongly affects fracturing behavior and AE rate changes.展开更多
This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)Ni...This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.展开更多
Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The ch...Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The chemical and morphological properties of surface highly influence the electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions.In this study,we have tuned orbital hybridization states forming an interface enriched with sp^(2) hybridized carbon(sp^(2)-C),which decreases the binding energy to solvent molecules and inhibits excessive solvent decomposition during SEI formation.Benefiting from successfully constructed inorganic-rich SEI,the ICE increased to 91%and sodium storage capacity reached 346 mAh/g.Besides,the capacity retention rate was 90.7%after 700 cycles at 1 A/g higher than pristine electrode(83.8%).展开更多
The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of i...The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of its influence on fluid migration are of crucial importance.While previous studies have revealed that salinity changes can modulate fluid migration,the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate how salinity variations in ore-forming fluids modulate the adsorption onto calcite nanopore walls,thereby revealing the microscopic mechanisms governing ore fluid transport through calcite nano-fractures.The results show that the adsorption energy Eint of the solution on the calcite surface increased from -14,948.84±182.48 kcal/mol to -12,144.08±118.2 kcal/mol as salinity increased,which is conducive to the long-range transport of the fluid in the calcite nanopore.展开更多
Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electro...Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.展开更多
Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosupp...Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosuppressive therapy,AI has the potential to improve both operational efficiency and patient outcomes.Despite these advancements,the perspectives of transplant professionals-those at the forefront of critical decision-making-remain insufficiently explored.To address this gap,this study utilizes a multi-round electronic Delphi approach to gather and analyses insights from global experts involved in organ transplantation.Participants are invited to complete structured surveys capturing demographic data,professional roles,institutional practices,and prior exposure to AI technologies.The survey also explores perceptions of AI’s potential benefits.Quantitative responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics,while open-ended qualitative responses undergo thematic analysis.Preliminary findings indicate a generally positive outlook on AI’s role in enhancing transplantation processes,particularly in areas such as donor matching and post-operative care.These mixed views reflect both optimism and caution among professionals tasked with integrating new technologies into high-stakes clinical workflows.By capturing a wide range of expert opinions,the findings will inform future policy development,regulatory considerations,and institutional readiness frameworks for the integration of AI into organ transplantation.展开更多
基金supported by the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22021004)Sinopec Major Science and Technology Projects(321123-1)。
文摘Coking at the fractionating tower bottom and the decant oil circulation system disrupts the heat balance,leading to unplanned shutdown and destroying the long period stable operation of the Fluid Catalytic Cracking Unit(FCCU).The FCCU operates through interconnected subsystems,generating high-dimensional,nonlinear,and non-stationary data characterized by spatiotemporally correlated.The decant oil solid content is the crucial indicator for monitoring catalyst loss from the reactor-regenerator system and coking risk tendency at the fractionating tower bottom that relies on sampling and laboratory testing,which is lagging responsiveness and labor-intensive.Developing the online decant oil solid content soft sensor using industrial data to support operators in conducting predictive maintenance is essential.Therefore,this paper proposes a hybrid deep learning framework for soft sensor development that combines spatiotemporal pattern extraction with interpretability,enabling accurate risk identification in dynamic operational conditions.This framework employs a Filter-Wrapper method for dimensionality reduction,followed by a 2D Convolutional Neural Network(2DCNN)for extracting spatial patterns,and a Bidirectional Gated Recurrent Unit(BiGRU)for capturing long-term temporal dependencies,with an Attention Mechanism(AM)to highlight critical features adaptively.The integration of SHapley Additive exPlanations(SHAP),Complementary Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition with Adaptive Noise(CEEMDAN),2DCNN,and expert knowledge precisely quantifies feature contributions and decomposes signals,significantly enhancing the practicality of risk identification.Applied to a China refinery with processing capacity of 2.80×10^(6) t/a,the soft sensor achieved the R^(2) value of 0.93 and five-level risk identification accuracy of 96.42%.These results demonstrate the framework's accuracy,robustness,and suitability for complex industrial scenarios,advancing risk visualization and management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation for International Young Scientists of China(Grant No.52150410427)funding of Scientific Research Startup Project for High-Level Talents of Shandong Institute of Petroleum and Chemical Technology(Grant No.DJB2023020 and Grant No.2023SS019).
文摘Smart low-solid drilling fluids(SLSDFs)with thermo-controllable rheological properties and attractive thickening characteristics have recently captivated profound attention due to their low formation damage and enhanced cuttings lifting capacity.However,their applications to deep hole drilling at high temperatures have remained limited because of the thermal instability and environmental constraints of the thermo-associating polymers as additives.This work explored the synergistic benefits of thermo-associating polymer and biogenic nano-silica(B-SiNP)extracted from rice husk to improve the thermo-stability of SLSDF.This study shows that the nano-hybrid,TAP-S based on vinyl-terminated B-SiNP could potentially mitigate the limiting performance of conventional LSDF(F-2)caused by the failure of thermo-associating copolymers under elevated temperatures.TAP-S bearing drilling fluid(F-3)could preserve more than 5.6-fold of its initial properties(ca.apparent viscosity,plastic viscosity,yield point,and gel strength)with a nearly flat-gel profile in the temperature range of 25-230℃,which was higher than those of the counterpart F-2 and base fluid according to the results of rheological tests analysis.In addition,TAP-S exhibited an abrupt thermo-thickening characteristic with a magnitude declining by only 1.05-fold and the activation Gibbs free energy of 1339 kJ/mol above the plateau(ca.130℃),reflecting its less sensitivity compared to F-2 under a continuous heating process.As a result,a lower temperature was required to drive the dehydration of the residual fraction of lower critical solution temperature(LCST)in nano-hybrid structures than TAP according to the results of DSC analysis.Thus,lower energy was expected to disintegrate the residual hydrogen bonds formed between the LCST chains and surrounding water molecules at elevated temperatures.Moreover,TAP-S formed a solid-micro-crosslinking structure network which exhibited a more stable hydrodynamic diameter as revealed by DLS analysis.Compared with TAP,TAP-S consisted of a larger composite B-SiNP-TAP integrated spatial network structure based on the results of environmental scanning electron microscope,which conferred a degree of thermal conductivity characteristic for improved temperature resistance.This contributed to the effective binding onto bentonite particles for protection and maintained a relatively stable bentonite particle dispersion according to the results of EPM and particle size distribution analyses.Consequently,TAP-S fortified drilling fluid demonstrates improved rheological and filtration performance under severe downhole conditions.Therefore,TAP-S,the thermo-associating copolymer integrated with B-SiNP could find potential application as an eco-friendly viscosifier in LSDFs for deep-well drilling operations.
基金Supported by the Doctoral Research Start-up Project of Yuncheng University(YQ-2023067)Project of Shanxi Natural Science Foundation(202303021211189)+1 种基金Fund Program for the Scientific Activities of Selected Returned Overseas Professionals in Shanxi Provinces(20220036)Shanxi ProvinceIntelligent Optoelectronic Sensing Application Technology Innovation Center and Shanxi Province Optoelectronic Information Science and TechnologyLaboratory,Yuncheng University.
文摘In this study,a straightforward one-step hydrothermal method was successfully utilized to synthesize the solid solution Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)-Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNMTO-x),where x denotes the molar percentage of Na_(2)Ni_(2)Ti_(6)O_(16)(NNTO)within Na_(0.9)Mg_(0.45)Ti_(3.55)O_(8)(NMTO),with x values of 10,20,30,40,and 50.Both XPS(X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy)and EDX(Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)analyses unequivocally validated the formation of the NNMTO-x solid solutions.It was observed that when x is below 40,the NNMTO-x solid solution retains the structural characteristics of the original NMTO.However,beyond this threshold,significant alterations in crystal morphology were noted,accompanied by a noticeable decline in photocatalytic activity.Notably,the absorption edge of NNMTO-x(x<40)exhibited a shift towards the visible-light spectrum,thereby substantially broadening the absorption range.The findings highlight that NNMTO-30 possesses the most pronounced photocatalytic activity for the reduction of CO_(2).Specifically,after a 6 h irradiation period,the production rates of CO and CH_(4)were recorded at 42.38 and 1.47μmol/g,respectively.This investigation provides pivotal insights that are instrumental in the advancement of highly efficient and stable photocatalysts tailored for CO_(2)reduction processes.
基金Supported by the CNPC Science and Technology Project(2022ZG06)Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Science and Technology Innovation Talent Project(2024TSYCCX0061)。
文摘Two types of ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid additives were designed and developed:an ultra-high-temperature resistant salt-tolerant polymer fluid loss reducer,and an ultra-high-temperature resistant micro-nano plugging agent.An ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid system meeting the requirements of ultra-deep well drilling was established.Laboratory test and field application were employed for performance evaluation.The ultra-high-temperature and high-salt resistant polymer fluid loss reducer exhibits a mesh-like membrane structure with numerous cross-linking points,and its high-temperature and high-pressure(HTHP)loss was 28.2 m L after aging at 220℃under saturated salt conditions.The ultra-high-temperature resistant micro-nano plugging agent adaptively filled mud cake pores/fractures through deformation,thus reducing the fluid loss.At elevated temperatures,it transitioned to a viscoelastic state to effectively cement the rock on wellbore wall and enhanced wall stability.The ultra-high-temperature resistant water-based drilling fluid system with a density of 1.6 g/cm^(3)exhibits excellent rheological properties at high temperature and high pressure.Its HTHP fluid loss at 220℃was only 9.6 m L.It maintains a stable performance under high-temperature and high-salt conditions,with a sedimentation factor below 0.52 after holding at high temperature for 7 d,and generates no H_(2)S gas after aging,demonstrating good lubricity and safety.This drilling fluid system has been successfully applied in the 10000-meter ultra-deep well of China,Shenditake 1,in Tarim Oilfield,ensuring the well's successful drilling to a depth of 10910 m.
基金supported by the Higher Education and Science Committee of Armenia in the frames of the research projects 20TTSG-2F010, 23AA-2F033 and ANSEF (EN-matsc-2660) grant.
文摘Halide solid-state electrolytes have gained significant attention in recent years due to their high ionic conductivity,making them promising candidates for future all-solid-state batteries.Recent studies have identified numerous crystal structures with the Li_(3)MX_(6)composition,although many remain unexplored across various chemical systems.In this research,we developed a comprehensive method to examine all conceivable space groups and structures within theLi-M-X system,where M includes In,Ga,and La,and X includes F,Cl,Br,and 1.Our findings revealed two metastable structures:Li_(3)InF_(6)with P3c1 symmetry and Li_(3)InI_(6)with C2/c symmetry,exhibiting ionic conductivities of 0.55 and 2.18mS/cm at 300K,respectively.Notably,the trigonal symmetry of Li3InF6 demonstrates that high ionic conductivities are not limited to monoclinic structures but can also be achieved with trigonal symmetries.The electrochemical stability windows,mechanical properties,and reaction energies of these materials with known cathodes suggest their potential for use in all-solid-state batteries.Additionally,we predicted the stability of novel materials,including Li_(5)InCl_(8),Li_(5)InBr_(8),Li_(5)InI_(8),LiIn_(2)Cl_(9),LiIn_(2)Br_(9),and LiIn_(2)I_(9).
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.22473010,22303114,and 12474372)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Jilin University,the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.SQ2023YFB2805600)+4 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality(Grant No.Z210004)the Fund from the State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications(Grant No.IPOC2021ZT01)Beijing Nova Program from Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission(Grant No.20230484433)Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications Excellent Ph.D.Students Foundation(Grant No.CX20241078)Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Undergraduate Program)(Grant No.QY24218)。
文摘The development of high-performance solid electrolytes is pivotal for advancing solid-state battery technologies.In this work,we design an oxysulfide-based solid electrolyte Na MgPO_(3)S by combining bond valence theory and density functional theory calculations.The material features a wide band gap of 4.0 eV and a considerable reduced Na^(+)migration barrier of 0.44 eV,a 1.26-eV decrease compared to pristine Na MgPO_(4)(~1.70 eV).Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations further reveal significantly enhanced ionic conductivity in the oxysulfide-based system compared to the pristine oxide structure.In addition,the calculated decomposition energy indicates that the modified material exhibits good moisture stability.Our findings suggest that sulfur-doping strategy can simultaneously achieve improved ionic conductivity and high moisture stability in oxide solid electrolytes,which could pave the way for designing high-performance solid electrolytes.
文摘Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment(RRD)is a serious ocular condition marked by the separation of the neuroretina from the retinal pigment epithelium(RPE).The pathogenesis of RRD involves intricate molecular and cellular mechanisms,including inflammation,cell migration,and the activation of proliferative signaling pathways.One of the most challenging complications of RRD is proliferative vitreoretinopathy(PVR),which refers to the proliferation and contraction of fibrocellular membranes on the retinal surface and in the vitreous cavity.PVR is a major cause of surgical failure in RRD,as it can lead to recurrent retinal detachment and severe vision loss.However,the pathogenesis of PVR is not yet fully understood,and the treatment options are quite limited.Recent advances in analytical techniques have offered valuable insights into the molecular alterations present in the subretinal fluid(SRF)of patients with RRD.This review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge regarding the SRF profile in RRD and PVR,emphasizing potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22308358,22208346,22421003)IPE Project for Frontier Basic Research(QYJC-2023-05)CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(YSBR-038).
文摘Dimethylphenols serve as important intermediates in synthesizing pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals,yet traditional distillation struggles to separate their isomers due to minimal boiling point differences,and the development of melt crystallization is hampered by lacking solid–liquid equilibrium (SLE) data for some isomers.Therefore,the SLE data of both binary and ternary mixtures of 2,3-dimethylphenol (2,3-DMP),3,5-dimethylphenol (3,5-DMP),and 3,4-dimethylphenol (3,4-DMP) were determined by using differential scanning calorimetry in this work.Additionally,crystallographic analysis was conducted to investigate the thermodynamic characteristics of these mixtures.The experimental results indicated that all the systems investigated in this research exhibited eutectic behavior.The experimentally obtained SLE data were well correlated with the Wilson and non-random two-liquid models.The excess thermodynamic functions were calculated to analyze the types and intensities of the molecular interactions occurring in the mixtures.Furthermore,this study developed a model for the correlation between the theoretical crystallization yield and the actual cooling yield and final yield in melt crystallization.This study has furnished reliable data essential for developing and optimizing the melt crystallization process of mixtures of 2,3-DMP,3,5-DMP,and 3,4-DMP.
基金jointly funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(grant No.XDA0430301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant Nos.42130109,41973059)。
文摘The formation of copper deposits is closely related to hydrothermal processes.Understanding the migration of copper in hydrothermal fluids aids in reconstructing mineralization processes and deciphering deposit genesis.Copper primarily exists as Cu^(+)and Cu^(2+)in hydrothermal solutions,with redox conditions governing their interconversion.In chloride-rich geological fluids,Cu-Cl complexes are considered critical for copper transport.However,the specific types and valence transitions of Cu-Cl complexes under varying hydrothermal conditions remain poorly understood.This study employed in situ Raman spectroscopy to systematically analyze Cu+HCl and CuCl_(2)+K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2) systems under saturated vapor pressure at 25-300℃,elucidating the effects of temperature,Cl^(-)concentration,and redox conditions on copper speciation.In the Cu^(+)HCl system,copper dissolved as monovalent Cu-Cl complexes.At high temperatures(>200℃),[CuCl_(2)]^(-)is the dominated species,whereas[CuCl_(3)]^(2-)becomes prevalent at lower temperatures and higher HCl concentrations.For the Cu^(2+)-Cl system,the dominant species transitioned from[Cu(H_(2)O)n]^(2+)(<50℃)to[CuCl_(4)]^(2-)(100℃)and further to[CuCl]^(+)and[CuCl_(2)]^(0) at 300℃.The introduction of reducing agents(K_(2)S_(2)O_(3)/H_(2))facilitated Cu^(2+)→Cu^(+)reduction,thereby stabilizing Cu^(+)-Cl complexes and inducing partial copper precipitation.The behavior of copper in chloriderich hydrothermal fluids observed in this study indicates that high-temperature oxidizing fluids facilitate Cu mobilization,while cooling and redox changes promote deposition and ore minerals formation.
基金Supported by“Continuation”Project of Excellent Doctors,Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2025A04J5082Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,No.2024A1515011236.
文摘This letter addresses challenges in the clinical translation of BIBR1532,a promising telomerase inhibitor,for the treatment of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma(ESCC).BIBR1532 exerts its anti-cancer effect by activating DNA damage response(ATR/CHK1 and ATM/CHK2)pathways and downregulating telomere-binding proteins.Although its therapeutic potential is limited by poor aqueous solubility,solid dispersion(SD)technology may overcome this obstacle.Systematic analysis using PubChem-derived simplified molecular input line entry system identifiers and artificial intelligence-driven FormulationDT platform evaluation(oral formulation feasibility index:0.38)revealed that the SD technology,with superior scalability(32 approved products by 2021)and lower production risks,outperforms lipid-based formulations as an optimal dissolution strategy.Material analysis revealed hydroxypropyl methylcellulose(HPMC)as the optimal carrier with lower hygroscopicity,higher temperature and no intestinal targeting,thus enabling ESCC therapy.HPMC-based SD enhances BIBR1532 solubility and bioavailability for effective ESCC treatment.Future studies should focus on pilot tests for SD fabrication.
基金financial support providedby the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.92475203 and 52474374)the Joint Fund of Henan Province Science and Technology R&D Program,China (No.225200810035)the Research Initiation Grant for High-Level Talents by the Henan Academy of Sciences,China(No.232007016).
文摘To improve the solid–solid interface performance of all solid-state lithium batteries(ASSLBs),a novel sandwich-structured solid electrolyte(SSE,total thickness of 0.7 mm)was investigated.It comprises a central layer of perovskite-type Li_(0.37)Sr_(0.44)Zr_(0.25)Ta_(0.75)O_(3)(LSZT)electrolyte(thickness of 0.5 mm)sandwiched between two layers of composite solid polymer electrolyte(CSPE,each with a thickness of 0.1 mm).The thin CSPE interlayer not only effectively reduces interfacial resistance between LSZT and electrodes,but also suppresses Li-induced reduction degradation of LSZT while ensuring uniform current density distribution across the interface.The SSE demonstrates an ionic conductivity of 8.76×10^(−5)S·cm^(−1)at 30℃,increasing to 1.13×10^(−3)S·cm^(−1)at 100℃,with an activation energy of 0.36 eV.In addition,SSE is stable for Li metal and achieves electrochemical stability up to 4.58 V vs.Li^(+)/Li.SSE shows outstanding electrode/electrolyte interfacial compatibility and significant suppression of the growth of Li dendrite.Ascribing to these merits,Li|SSE|Li symmetric cell maintained stable operation for 500 h at a current density of 0.3 mA·cm^(−2)without short circuit,confirming robust interfacial compatibility between SSE and Li electrode.The all-solid-state LiFePO_(4)|Li battery with SSE has an initial reversible discharge capacity of 109.8 mAh·g^(−1)and a reversible capacity of 118.1 mAh·g^(−1)after 50 cycles at a charge/discharge rate of 0.1C(30℃),demonstrating good cycling performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42272044)the High-performance Computing Platform of China University of Geosciences Beijing。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes(SPEs)have long faced limitations due to low ionic conductivity at ambient temperature and poor interfacial stability with lithium metal anodes.Here,we present a structural engineering strategy to address these challenges through shear-induced crystallization of concentrated PEO-LiTFSI solutions,which self-assemble into flower-like spherulites with radially aligned lamellar crystals.This unique structure creates continuous Li^(+)transport highways through densely packed crystalline domains,achieving a record-high ionic conductivity of 1.70×10^(-4) S/cm at 25℃ for pristine PEO-based systems.Strategic incorporation of lithium montmorillonite(MMTli,10 wt%)further optimizes the composite electrolyte,balancing high ionic conductivity(1.47×10^(-4) S/cm)with enhanced electrochemical stability(4.99 V vs.Li^(+)/Li),elevated Li^(+)transference number(0.62),and mechanical robustness.The composite electrolyte enables stable Li plating/stripping over 800 h in symmetric Li||Li cells and powers LiFePO_(4)||Li solid-state batteries with 82%capacity retention after 200 cycles at 0.2 C under ambient conditions.This work pioneers a scalable processing paradigm for crystalline polymer electrolytes,offering new insights into ion transport mechanisms and validating clay minerals as multifunctional additives for next-generation energy storage systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12074187).
文摘Electrically controlled solid propellant(ECSP)offers multiple ignition and adjustable burning rate,serving as fuel for next-generation intelligent propulsion systems.To further enhance the combustion performance of ECSP,a method utilizing electrochemical and thermal decomposition catalysts has been proposed.In this work,we investigated the combustion characteristics of hydroxylamine nitrate(HAN)-based ECSP incorporating cerium oxide(CeO_(2))and graphene oxide(GO)by using an electrically controlled combustion test system.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy(EIS)and linear sweep voltammetry(LSV)were used to measure the electrical conductibility and overpotential of ECSP with various additives,and Tafel curves were calculated.Thermogravimetric analysis coupled with differential scanning calorimetry(TG-DSC)was employed to investigate the thermal decomposition behavior of ECSP.While the addition of CeO_(2) and GO reduced the conductivity of ECSP,both catalysts exhibited strong electrocatalytic properties and facilitated the thermal decomposition of ECSP.Between two catalysts,GO demonstrated superior electrochemical catalytic performance but weaker thermal decomposition catalytic ability than CeO_(2).The addition of catalysts significantly enhanced the combustion performance of HAN-based ECSP.Specifically,the ignition delay time was shortened by 10%~20%.CeO_(2) raised the burning rate by approximately 20%but GO exhibited a remarkable boost of 40%in burning rate at high voltage.The combination of GO and PVA produced a flame-retardant substance that negatively impacted the ignition delay of ECSP and resulted in a smaller increase in the burning rate of ECSP at low ignition voltages.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12372233)the Innovation Foundation for Doctor Dissertation of Northwestern Polytechnical University,China(No.25GH01020005)the“111 Project”of China(No.B17037)。
文摘As a multidisciplinary phenomenon,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow is featured by two primary interactions:Fluid-Structure Interactions(FSIs)and Shock-Boundary Layer Interactions(SBLIs).The former raises structural concerns,and the latter is of aerodynamic interest.Thus,panel aeroelasticity in shock-dominated flow represents a vital topic for the development and optimization of supersonic vehicles and propulsion systems.This review systematically summarizes recent advances in the methodologies applied to capture structural and fluid dynamics,including theoretical models,numerical simulations,and wind tunnel experiments.The application of data-driven modal decomposition,an advanced technique to extract physically crucial features,on the topic is introduced.From the perspective of FSIs,the distinctive aeroelastic behaviors in shock-dominated flow,including hysteresis phenomena and nonlinear responses,are highlighted.From the perspective of SBLIs,the modifications in their spatial and temporal characteristics imposed by the aeroelastic responses are emphasized.Motivated by the interaction between the shock waves and structural response,different strategies have been proposed to implement aeroelastic suppression and shock control,which have the potential to enhance structural safety and aerodynamic performance in the next generation of high-speed flight vehicles.
文摘When a porous rock is subjected to overall compressive loading,either increasing pore pressure or decreasing confining pressure could result in rock failure.The stress path and the applied pressure change rate may affect the initiation and propagation of fractures within brittle materials.Understanding the physical mechanisms leading to failure is crucial for underground engineering applications and geo-energy exploration and storage.We conducted triaxial compression experiments on porous Bentheim sandstone samples at different stress paths and pressure change rates.First,at a constant confining pressure of 35 MPa and pore pressure of 5 MPa,intact cylindrical samples were axially loaded up to about 85%of the peak strength.Subsequently,the axial piston position was fixed,and then either the pore pressure was increased or the confining pressure was decreased at two different rates(0.5 MPa/min or 2 MPa/min),leading to final catastrophic failure.The mechanical results revealed that samples subjected to higher rates of decreasing effective confining pressure exhibited larger stress drop rates,higher slip rates,higher total breakdown work,higher rates of acoustic emissions(AEs)before failure,and higher post-failure AE decay rates.In contrast,the applied stress path did not significantly affect rock failure characteristics.Comparison of located AE events with post-mortem microstructures of deformed samples shows a good agreement.The AE source type determined from the P-wave first-motion polarity shows that shear failure dominated the fracture process when approaching failure.Gutenberg-Richter b-values revealed a significant decrease before failure in all tests.Our results indicate that,in contrast to the stress path,the rate of effective stress change strongly affects fracturing behavior and AE rate changes.
基金funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreements no.824072(Harvestore project)no.101017709(EPISTORE)by the Centre of Excellence of Multifunctional Architectured Materials“CEMAM”no.ANR-10-LABX-44-01 as part of the“Investments for the Future”Program.
文摘This work explores the potential of La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)thin films fabricated by Pulsed Injection Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition as oxygen electrodes for low-temperature solid oxide cells.La_(1-x)Pr_(x)NiO_(4+δ)materials offer promising mixed ionic and electronic conductivity and high oxygen reduction reaction kinetics.In this study,we focus on the microstructural and electrochemical properties of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films deposited at various temperatures(600-650℃),revealing that a two-temperature deposition process yields nano-architectured films with a dense bottom film and a porous nano-columnar top layer of the same material.Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and electrical conductivity relaxation experiments demonstrate enhanced surface exchange coefficients compared to bulk LaPrNiO_(4+δ)and La_(2)NiO_(4+δ)and high performance,with polarization resistances as low as 0.10Ωcm^(2) at 600℃ and 1.00 at 500℃.To better understand the electrochemical behavior of these electrodes,we investigated the limiting mechanisms of oxygen reduction by analyzing the kinetic response to varying oxygen partial pressures and performing detailed impedance analyses.These nano-columnar LaPrNiO_(4+δ)oxygen electrodes were also deposited on commercial half-cells,enabling the resulting full cells to operate successfully in both reversible solid oxide fuel cell and electrolysis cell modes,reaching a performance of 0.34 W cm^(-2) at 600℃ in reversible solid oxide fuel cell mode.This work underscores the promise of LaPrNiO_(4+δ)thin films for efficient low-temperature-solid oxide cells while addressing challenges in durability and stability.
基金support from the Heilongjiang Province"Double First Class"Discipline Collaborative Innovation Project(No.LJGXCG2023-061).
文摘Hard carbon is a vital anode material for sodium-ion batteries;however,the nonuniform growth of solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)film substantially diminishes its initial coulombic efficiency(ICE)and cycle life.The chemical and morphological properties of surface highly influence the electrode/electrolyte interfacial reactions.In this study,we have tuned orbital hybridization states forming an interface enriched with sp^(2) hybridized carbon(sp^(2)-C),which decreases the binding energy to solvent molecules and inhibits excessive solvent decomposition during SEI formation.Benefiting from successfully constructed inorganic-rich SEI,the ICE increased to 91%and sodium storage capacity reached 346 mAh/g.Besides,the capacity retention rate was 90.7%after 700 cycles at 1 A/g higher than pristine electrode(83.8%).
基金financed jointly by the National Major Science and Technology Special Project on Deep Earth Exploration(2024ZD1001701-5)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42472127,42172086)+2 种基金the Yunnan Major Project of Basic Research(202401BN070001-002)Yunnan Mineral Resources Prediction and Evaluation Engineering Research Center(2011)Innovation Team Program of Kunming University of Science and Technology,Yunnan Province。
文摘The migration mechanisms of ore-forming fluids have long been a focus in the field of ore deposit studies.Calcite is ubiquitously present in various types of rocks in the lithosphere,and the underlying mechanisms of its influence on fluid migration are of crucial importance.While previous studies have revealed that salinity changes can modulate fluid migration,the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood.We employ molecular dynamics simulations to elucidate how salinity variations in ore-forming fluids modulate the adsorption onto calcite nanopore walls,thereby revealing the microscopic mechanisms governing ore fluid transport through calcite nano-fractures.The results show that the adsorption energy Eint of the solution on the calcite surface increased from -14,948.84±182.48 kcal/mol to -12,144.08±118.2 kcal/mol as salinity increased,which is conducive to the long-range transport of the fluid in the calcite nanopore.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52472219,62133007)the project ZR2024ME073 supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundationthe Shenzhen Fundamental Research Program(No.JCYJ20220530141017039)。
文摘Despite the high energy density,lithium metal batteries(LMBs)face significant cycling instability and safety challenges,especially at subzero temperatures.Herein,we report a rationally designed lowconcentrated electrolyte system that employs a low-freezing-point diluent to compress solvation sheaths,enabling the formation of a compact anion-dominated solvation structure that enhances interfacial stability and safety.Molecular dynamics reveal the unique solvation structure with close packing of anions in this low-concentration electrolyte from the micro-mesoscopic scale.The optimized electrolyte combines cost-effectiveness,superior wettability,intrinsic nonflammability,and high stability,concurrently promoting a hybrid organic-inorganic solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)and cathode electrolyte interphase(CEI)for uniform lithium deposition.As a result,the Li‖LiFePO_(4)(LFP)full cells demonstrate stable cycling for 700 cycles at the current density of 4 C.Remarkably,the electrolyte demonstrates exceptional low-temperature performance,indicating broad operational viability.This work provides a promising electrolyte design strategy that addresses both safety and excellent electrochemical performance in high-energy-density metal-based batteries,including but not restricted to Li,Na,K and Zn multivalent ion systems.
文摘Artificial intelligence(AI)is increasingly recognized as a transformative force in the field of solid organ transplantation.From enhancing donor-recipient matching to predicting clinical risks and tailoring immunosuppressive therapy,AI has the potential to improve both operational efficiency and patient outcomes.Despite these advancements,the perspectives of transplant professionals-those at the forefront of critical decision-making-remain insufficiently explored.To address this gap,this study utilizes a multi-round electronic Delphi approach to gather and analyses insights from global experts involved in organ transplantation.Participants are invited to complete structured surveys capturing demographic data,professional roles,institutional practices,and prior exposure to AI technologies.The survey also explores perceptions of AI’s potential benefits.Quantitative responses are analyzed using descriptive statistics,while open-ended qualitative responses undergo thematic analysis.Preliminary findings indicate a generally positive outlook on AI’s role in enhancing transplantation processes,particularly in areas such as donor matching and post-operative care.These mixed views reflect both optimism and caution among professionals tasked with integrating new technologies into high-stakes clinical workflows.By capturing a wide range of expert opinions,the findings will inform future policy development,regulatory considerations,and institutional readiness frameworks for the integration of AI into organ transplantation.
