Particle-and droplet-laden flows are central to many problems in mechanics and transport.They occur in sedimentladen boundary layers,gas-solid and gas-liquid dispersions,and surface-water films driven by external forc...Particle-and droplet-laden flows are central to many problems in mechanics and transport.They occur in sedimentladen boundary layers,gas-solid and gas-liquid dispersions,and surface-water films driven by external forcing.They also underpin practical applications ranging from environmental transport to high-speed and aerothermal systems.Despite decades of progress,prediction remains difficult.The physics spans a wide range of scales and often couples turbulence,interphase momentum exchange,collisions,and interfacial transport.Reliable computation therefore requires both robust numerical methodology and careful physical interpretation.展开更多
Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the i...Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the impacts of wildfire on hydrology have been widely assessed at the watershed scale,the underlying mechanisms of the responses of summer low flows remain poorly understood.In this study,we employed an integrated research framework that combines hydrometric monitoring with geochemical tracing to evaluate how the 2021 White Rock Lake Wildfire affected summer low flows,and to identify the underlying mechanisms governing these responses in the Okanagan Valley,British Columbia(BC),Canada.We found that(1)summer low flows,represented by Q90(flows exceeded at 90%of the time in summer)significantly increased following the wildfire(p<0.05);(2)summer low flows were primarily regulated by snow water in early summer(July),while dominated by groundwater in late summer(August and September);and(3)enhanced snow water contribution and reduced evapotranspiration(ET)were two primary contributors to the increased summer low flows.Our results provide insights for developing sustainable water management strategies for the region in the context of climate change and increasing forest disturbance.This study also demonstrates that the combination of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing is an effective approach towards uncovering mechanisms that drive low-flow responses.展开更多
Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of E...Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of ENSO:central Pacific(CP)and eastern Pacific(EP).Results indicate that CP ENSO tends to exert stronger impacts on CEF.In CP ENSO years,significant lower-level southerly anomalies can be observed across all CEF branches adjacent to MC,accompanied by broader and deeper upper-level northerly anomalies,indicating a well-organized strengthening of both upper-and lowerlevel CEFs.In contrast,CEF anomalies in EP ENSO years tend to be weaker,with significant meridional wind anomalies confined to the east of MC.The disparities in the CEF responses can be elucidated from the perspective of convection over MC,a crucial factor in triggering CEF.In CP ENSO years,westward-leaning sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies result in a distinct cooling in MC and suppressed convection above,driving pronounced CEF anomalies.Conversely,the absence of such organized SST cooling during EP ENSO results in weaker convective forcing and subdued CEF responses.Furthermore,historical simulations from 48 CMIP6 models are utilized to validate the observational findings.Results show that model simulations can successfully reproduce the stronger impacts of CP ENSO,with a remarkable intermodel consistency.This research contributes toward a comprehensive understanding of the diversity in the relationship between CEF and ENSO types,and has implications for seasonal forecasting of CEF variability.展开更多
The newly formulated non-Newtonian rivulet flows streaming down an inclined planar surface,with additional periodic perturbations arising from the application of the 2nd Stokes problem to the investigation of rivulet ...The newly formulated non-Newtonian rivulet flows streaming down an inclined planar surface,with additional periodic perturbations arising from the application of the 2nd Stokes problem to the investigation of rivulet dynamics,are demonstrated in the current research.Hereby,the 2nd Stokes problem assumes that the surface,with a thin shared layer of the fluid on it,oscillates in a harmonic manner along the x-axis of the rivulet flow,which coincides with the main flow direction streaming down the underlying surface.We obtain the exact extension of the rivulet flow family,clarifying the structure of the pressure field,which fully absorbs the arising perturbation.The profile of the velocity field is assumed to be Gaussian-type with a non-zero level of plasticity.Hence,the absolutely non-Newtonian case of the viscoplastic flow solution,which satisfies the motion and continuity equations,is considered(with particular cases of exact solutions for pressure).The perturbed governing equations of motion for rivulet flows then result in the Riccati-type ordinary differential equation(ODE),describing the dynamics of the coordinate x(t).The approximated schematic dynamics are presented in graphical plots.展开更多
A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However...A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However,current studies primarily focus on short-term grain provision services while neglecting the spatiotemporal variations in grain flows across different scales.This gap limits the identification of dynamic matching relationships and the formulation of optimization strategies for balancing grain flows.This study examined the spatiotemporal evolution of grain supply and demand in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region from 1980 to 2020.Using the Enhanced TwoStep Floating Catchment Area method,the grain provision ecosystem service flows were quantified,the changes in supply–demand matching under different grain flow scenarios were analyzed and the optimal distance threshold for grain flows was investigated.The results revealed that grain production follows a spatial distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southeast and low levels in the northwest.A significant mismatch exists between supply and demand,and it shows a scale effect.Deficit areas are mainly concentrated in the northwest,while surplus areas are mainly located in the central and southern regions.As the spatial scale increases,the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio(SDR)classification becomes more clustered,while it exhibits greater spatial SDR heterogeneity at smaller scales.This study examined two distinct scenarios of grain provision ecosystem service flow dynamics based on 100 and 200 km distance thresholds.The flow increased significantly,from 2.17 to 11.81million tons in the first scenario and from 2.41 to 12.37 million tons in the second scenario over nearly 40 years,forming a spatial movement pattern from the central and southern regions to the surrounding areas.Large flows were mainly concentrated in the interior of urban centers,with significant outflows between cities such as Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,and Hengshui.At the county scale,supply–demand matching patterns remained consistent between the grain flows in the two scenarios.Notably,incorporating grain flow dynamics significantly reduced the number of grain-deficit areas compared to scenarios without grain flow.In 2020,grain-deficit counties decreased by28.79 and 37.88%,and cities by 12.50 and 25.0%under the two scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,the distance threshold for achieving optimal supply and demand matching at the county scale was longer than at the city scale in both grain flow scenarios.This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationships and heterogeneous patterns of grain matching,and expands the research perspective on grain and ecosystem service flows across various spatiotemporal scales.展开更多
Developing advanced acoustic treatments,such as the Multi-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)septum liner,to realize the broadband noise reduction is critical for silent aeroengines.This study investigates experimentally the MDOF...Developing advanced acoustic treatments,such as the Multi-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)septum liner,to realize the broadband noise reduction is critical for silent aeroengines.This study investigates experimentally the MDOF septum liner and its impedance model on the Beihang Grazing Flow Duct(BGFD)setup,over a wide frequency range under grazing flows up to 0.5 Mach number and Sound Pressure Level(SPL)up to 150 dB,typically encountered in aeroengine nacelles.Several specimens varying in the numbers,types,and depths of septa among units are designed,fabricated,and measured.Their impedances and Transmission Losses(TL)are obtained using the mirror-based multimodal straightforward method and the mode decomposition technique,respectively.Generally,the model predictions show good agreement with the educed impedances in all cases,and such liners with a large-porosity facesheet exhibit low acoustic nonlinearities in the presence of high SPL,especially under high-velocity grazing flows.Moreover,a MDOF liner we delicately designed,compared with a conventional broadband three-layer perforated liner as the reference,is close to the resonant state at more frequencies and thus has higher and wider measured TL spectra almost from 1 kHz up to 10 kHz at studied Mach numbers,under the premise of saving 22.7 mm in the thickness.These show that,the MDOF septum liner,if well designed,can achieve an ultra-broadband efficient sound attenuation using more limited spaces in complex aeroacoustic environments.展开更多
Circumferentially non-uniform tip clearances induced by rotor eccentricity significantly affect the overall performance of axial compressors,particularly the stability margin.Currently,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD...Circumferentially non-uniform tip clearances induced by rotor eccentricity significantly affect the overall performance of axial compressors,particularly the stability margin.Currently,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)plays a crucial role in the aerodynamic analysis of eccentric compressors.However,conventional full-annulus Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)simulations are prohibitively expensive for routine design and analysis purposes.To address this issue,the paper presents a novel Fourier-based method,called the Time-Space Collocation(TSC)method,for efficient simulations of eccentric compressors.This method coherently treats temporal and spatial harmonics,making it well-suited to tackle the rotor eccentricity problem,as the perturbation waves induced by eccentricity are time-periodic with respect to the rotor and space-periodic with respect to the stator.Three numerical cases,including NASA Rotor 67,original Stage 67,and Stage 67 with a reduced rotor-stator axial gap,were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the TSC method.The results indicate that,for the rotor eccentricity levels studied in this paper,the influence of weak rotor-stator interactions can be disregarded in the original Stage 67.In this situation,applying three harmonics can accurately capture both the performance variations and the non-uniformly distributed flowfields of eccentric compressors,while achieving a reduction in run time by two orders of magnitude compared to full-annulus URANS simulations.However,in Stage 67 with a reduced rotor-stator axial gap,the results that include rotor-stator interactions align much more closely with the URANS results.Nevertheless,the TSC simulations can still achieve speed-ups of several dozen times.Overall,the TSC method shows promising potential for application within the engineering community.展开更多
Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture...Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.展开更多
This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with ...This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with a filter-based density correction turbulence model and a modified Zwart cavitation model.The study investigates the dynamic cavitation features of the thermal fluid around the hydrofoil at various incoming flow velocities.It systematically elucidates the evolution of cavitation and vortex dynamics corresponding to each velocity condition.The results indicate that with increasing incoming flow velocity,distinct cavitation processes take place in the flow field.展开更多
The stability of supersonic inlets faces challenges due to various changes in flight conditions,and flow control methods that address shock wave/boundary layer interactions under only one set of conditions cannot meet...The stability of supersonic inlets faces challenges due to various changes in flight conditions,and flow control methods that address shock wave/boundary layer interactions under only one set of conditions cannot meet developmental requirements.This paper proposes an adaptive bump control scheme and employs dynamic mesh technology for numerical simulation to investigate the unsteady control effects of adaptive bumps.The obtained results indicate that the use of moving bumps to control shock wave/boundary layer interactions is feasible.The adaptive control effects of five different bump speeds are evaluated.Within the range of bump speeds studied,the analysis of the flow field structure reveals the patterns of change in the separation zone area during the control process,as well as the relationship between the bump motion speed and the control effect on the separation zone.It is concluded that the moving bump endows the boundary layer with additional energy.展开更多
Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising techn...Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.展开更多
Flows and transport phenomena in confined spaces have emerged as a key direction in modern fluid dynamics research[1].Scaling down the hydrodynamic length of a system does not simply lead to a laminar flow in low Reyn...Flows and transport phenomena in confined spaces have emerged as a key direction in modern fluid dynamics research[1].Scaling down the hydrodynamic length of a system does not simply lead to a laminar flow in low Reynolds number,but reveals plenty of new phenomena with novel technological implications.Unlike in macroscale systems,fluid behavior at micro-and nanoscales is governed by forces that act at or near the interfaces,including surface tension,wettability,van der Waals interactions,and electrostatic effects,etc.These interfacial forces produce new hydrodynamics and mass transport phenomena that have not been observed on large scales,which are widely used in multidisciplinary areas.展开更多
The modern definition of the wave concept,which is based on the functional connection between the parameters of the spatial structure of an instantaneous flow pattern and the characteristics of the temporal variabilit...The modern definition of the wave concept,which is based on the functional connection between the parameters of the spatial structure of an instantaneous flow pattern and the characteristics of the temporal variability at a given point,is discussed.The dispersion relation for 2D plane periodic perturbations on the surface of viscous stratified fluid is selected as the characteristic function defining the wave motion.Using the theory of singular perturbations,a method for calculating complete solutions to the dispersion relations of periodic flows,including regular wave and singular ligament solutions is presented.Properties of the complete exact solution of the dispersion relation containing regular and singular functions are compared with asymptotic solutions.In limiting cases,obtained dispersion relations are matched with well⁃known expressions for waves in homogeneous viscous and ideal liquids.展开更多
International capital flows play a crucial role in the process of globalization,presenting both opportunities and challenges to the financial stability of emerging economies.This article sorts out the positive effects...International capital flows play a crucial role in the process of globalization,presenting both opportunities and challenges to the financial stability of emerging economies.This article sorts out the positive effects and potential risks of international capital flows on the financial stability of emerging economies.By combining case studies in recent years,it analyzes the complex relationship between cross-border capital flows and financial stability,and proposes policy paths for emerging economies to cope with the shock of capital flows,providing references for enhancing financial resilience and achieving sustainable development.展开更多
Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural re...Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.展开更多
Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of un...Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.展开更多
In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interfac...In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing(THINC)technique.We employ boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness in handling shocks.First,we prove that wavelet collocation upwind schemes based on interpolating wavelets can be reformulated into a conservative form within the framework of wavelet theory,forming the foundation of the proposed scheme.The new fourthorder accurate scheme possesses significantly better spectral resolution than the fifth-and even seventh-order WENO-Z(weighted essentially non-oscillatory)schemes over the entire wave-number range.Moreover,the inherent low-pass filtering property of the wavelet bases allows them to filter high-frequency numerical oscillations,endowing the wavelet upwind scheme with robustness and accuracy in solving problems under extreme conditions.Notably,due to the wavelet multiresolution approximation,the proposed scheme possesses a distinctive shape-preserving property absent in the WENO-Z schemes and the fifth-order schemes with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials.Furthermore,compared to the fifth-order scheme with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials—which is significantly superior to the WENO schemes—the proposed scheme further enhances the ability to capture discontinuities.展开更多
DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become m...DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become more sophisticated,there is an urgent need for Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)capable of handling these challenges effectively.Traditional IDS models frequently have difficulties in detecting new or changing attack patterns since they heavily depend on existing characteristics.This paper presents a novel approach for detecting unknown Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks by integrating Sliced Iterative Normalizing Flows(SINF)into IDS.SINF utilizes the Sliced Wasserstein distance to repeatedly modify probability distributions,enabling better management of high-dimensional data when there are only a few samples available.The unique architecture of SINF ensures efficient density estimation and robust sample generation,enabling IDS to adapt dynamically to emerging threats without relying heavily on predefined signatures or extensive retraining.By incorporating Open-Set Recognition(OSR)techniques,this method improves the system’s ability to detect both known and unknown attacks while maintaining high detection performance.The experimental evaluation on CICIDS2017 and CICDDoS2019 datasets demonstrates that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 99.85%for known attacks and an F1 score of 99.99%after incremental learning for unknown attacks.The results clearly demonstrate the system’s strong generalization capability across unseen attacks while maintaining the computational efficiency required for real-world deployment.展开更多
1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle inter...1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle interactions, posing significant challenges for simulations and experiments. This research highlight summarizes recent advancements in gas-particle dynamics under compressible conditions, covering key findings, numerical and experimental progress, and future directions. Details can be found in the work of Capecelatro and Wagner (Gas-particle dynamics in high-speed flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 2024;56:379–403).展开更多
This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the ri...This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the rise of alternative finance,such as fintech venture capital(it is the fund that venture capital firms put into young,promising fintech companies so that they can help them expand and scale quickly),which is yet underexplored,borrowers still heavily rely on banks and the stock market for financing.We use panel data from 57 countries from 2010 to 2020 and an advanced econometric method called the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model(CS-ARDL)to determine how the size and number of fintech equity funds dealt with by venture capital firms,banking sector credit,and stock market returns are interrelated at the global level and across regional,income,and economic levels.Our results reveal a cointegrating relationship between fintech venture capital funding and deals with bank loans and equity market returns.However,this relationship varies across the regions studied and between developed and developing economies.Our findings provide crucial guidelines for policymakers to create policies that support balanced financial development by highlighting the global interaction of equity market movements,banking credit,and fintech venture capital investment and lay the groundwork for internationally aligned policies to guarantee the optimal distribution of financial capital and improve economic stability and adaptability by illustrating how these links differ across geographical locations and economic conditions.展开更多
文摘Particle-and droplet-laden flows are central to many problems in mechanics and transport.They occur in sedimentladen boundary layers,gas-solid and gas-liquid dispersions,and surface-water films driven by external forcing.They also underpin practical applications ranging from environmental transport to high-speed and aerothermal systems.Despite decades of progress,prediction remains difficult.The physics spans a wide range of scales and often couples turbulence,interphase momentum exchange,collisions,and interfacial transport.Reliable computation therefore requires both robust numerical methodology and careful physical interpretation.
基金the China Scholarship Council(CSC)the Uplifting Reciprocal Research Scholarship Program for sponsoring Shixuan Lyu+1 种基金supported by MITACS Accelerate(No.IT39116)the Okanagan Basin Water Board water conservation and quality improvement grant program。
文摘Forests are experiencing more frequent and intense wildfires in Canada,which pose considerable threats to water quantity and quality,particularly during the summer low-flow period when water demand is high.While the impacts of wildfire on hydrology have been widely assessed at the watershed scale,the underlying mechanisms of the responses of summer low flows remain poorly understood.In this study,we employed an integrated research framework that combines hydrometric monitoring with geochemical tracing to evaluate how the 2021 White Rock Lake Wildfire affected summer low flows,and to identify the underlying mechanisms governing these responses in the Okanagan Valley,British Columbia(BC),Canada.We found that(1)summer low flows,represented by Q90(flows exceeded at 90%of the time in summer)significantly increased following the wildfire(p<0.05);(2)summer low flows were primarily regulated by snow water in early summer(July),while dominated by groundwater in late summer(August and September);and(3)enhanced snow water contribution and reduced evapotranspiration(ET)were two primary contributors to the increased summer low flows.Our results provide insights for developing sustainable water management strategies for the region in the context of climate change and increasing forest disturbance.This study also demonstrates that the combination of hydrometric monitoring and geochemical tracing is an effective approach towards uncovering mechanisms that drive low-flow responses.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42405029).
文摘Based on reanalysis data and CMIP6 simulations,this study investigates the distinct responses of the cross-equatorial flows(CEFs)over the Maritime Continent(MC)under the simultaneous summer condition of two types of ENSO:central Pacific(CP)and eastern Pacific(EP).Results indicate that CP ENSO tends to exert stronger impacts on CEF.In CP ENSO years,significant lower-level southerly anomalies can be observed across all CEF branches adjacent to MC,accompanied by broader and deeper upper-level northerly anomalies,indicating a well-organized strengthening of both upper-and lowerlevel CEFs.In contrast,CEF anomalies in EP ENSO years tend to be weaker,with significant meridional wind anomalies confined to the east of MC.The disparities in the CEF responses can be elucidated from the perspective of convection over MC,a crucial factor in triggering CEF.In CP ENSO years,westward-leaning sea surface temperature(SST)anomalies result in a distinct cooling in MC and suppressed convection above,driving pronounced CEF anomalies.Conversely,the absence of such organized SST cooling during EP ENSO results in weaker convective forcing and subdued CEF responses.Furthermore,historical simulations from 48 CMIP6 models are utilized to validate the observational findings.Results show that model simulations can successfully reproduce the stronger impacts of CP ENSO,with a remarkable intermodel consistency.This research contributes toward a comprehensive understanding of the diversity in the relationship between CEF and ENSO types,and has implications for seasonal forecasting of CEF variability.
文摘The newly formulated non-Newtonian rivulet flows streaming down an inclined planar surface,with additional periodic perturbations arising from the application of the 2nd Stokes problem to the investigation of rivulet dynamics,are demonstrated in the current research.Hereby,the 2nd Stokes problem assumes that the surface,with a thin shared layer of the fluid on it,oscillates in a harmonic manner along the x-axis of the rivulet flow,which coincides with the main flow direction streaming down the underlying surface.We obtain the exact extension of the rivulet flow family,clarifying the structure of the pressure field,which fully absorbs the arising perturbation.The profile of the velocity field is assumed to be Gaussian-type with a non-zero level of plasticity.Hence,the absolutely non-Newtonian case of the viscoplastic flow solution,which satisfies the motion and continuity equations,is considered(with particular cases of exact solutions for pressure).The perturbed governing equations of motion for rivulet flows then result in the Riccati-type ordinary differential equation(ODE),describing the dynamics of the coordinate x(t).The approximated schematic dynamics are presented in graphical plots.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42471336,52379021 and 42201278)the Hebei Province Backbone Talent Program,China(Returnee Platform for Overseas Study)(A20240028)+2 种基金the Hebei Province Statistical Science Research Project,China(2024HZ04)the Hebei Province Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Research Project,China(YJG2024046)the Innovation Ability Training Program for Postgraduate Students of Hebei Provincial Department of Education,China(CXZZSS2025048)。
文摘A comprehensive assessment of grain supply,demand,and ecosystem service flows is essential for identifying grain movement pathways,ensuring regional grain security,and guiding sustainable management strategies.However,current studies primarily focus on short-term grain provision services while neglecting the spatiotemporal variations in grain flows across different scales.This gap limits the identification of dynamic matching relationships and the formulation of optimization strategies for balancing grain flows.This study examined the spatiotemporal evolution of grain supply and demand in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH)region from 1980 to 2020.Using the Enhanced TwoStep Floating Catchment Area method,the grain provision ecosystem service flows were quantified,the changes in supply–demand matching under different grain flow scenarios were analyzed and the optimal distance threshold for grain flows was investigated.The results revealed that grain production follows a spatial distribution pattern characterized by high levels in the southeast and low levels in the northwest.A significant mismatch exists between supply and demand,and it shows a scale effect.Deficit areas are mainly concentrated in the northwest,while surplus areas are mainly located in the central and southern regions.As the spatial scale increases,the ecosystem service supply–demand ratio(SDR)classification becomes more clustered,while it exhibits greater spatial SDR heterogeneity at smaller scales.This study examined two distinct scenarios of grain provision ecosystem service flow dynamics based on 100 and 200 km distance thresholds.The flow increased significantly,from 2.17 to 11.81million tons in the first scenario and from 2.41 to 12.37 million tons in the second scenario over nearly 40 years,forming a spatial movement pattern from the central and southern regions to the surrounding areas.Large flows were mainly concentrated in the interior of urban centers,with significant outflows between cities such as Baoding,Shijiazhuang,Xingtai,and Hengshui.At the county scale,supply–demand matching patterns remained consistent between the grain flows in the two scenarios.Notably,incorporating grain flow dynamics significantly reduced the number of grain-deficit areas compared to scenarios without grain flow.In 2020,grain-deficit counties decreased by28.79 and 37.88%,and cities by 12.50 and 25.0%under the two scenarios,respectively.Furthermore,the distance threshold for achieving optimal supply and demand matching at the county scale was longer than at the city scale in both grain flow scenarios.This study provides valuable insights into the dynamic relationships and heterogeneous patterns of grain matching,and expands the research perspective on grain and ecosystem service flows across various spatiotemporal scales.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52206039)the Taihang Laboratory of China(No.A2053)+1 种基金the Aeronautical Science Foundation of China(No.20240011051001)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB3703900)。
文摘Developing advanced acoustic treatments,such as the Multi-Degree-of-Freedom(MDOF)septum liner,to realize the broadband noise reduction is critical for silent aeroengines.This study investigates experimentally the MDOF septum liner and its impedance model on the Beihang Grazing Flow Duct(BGFD)setup,over a wide frequency range under grazing flows up to 0.5 Mach number and Sound Pressure Level(SPL)up to 150 dB,typically encountered in aeroengine nacelles.Several specimens varying in the numbers,types,and depths of septa among units are designed,fabricated,and measured.Their impedances and Transmission Losses(TL)are obtained using the mirror-based multimodal straightforward method and the mode decomposition technique,respectively.Generally,the model predictions show good agreement with the educed impedances in all cases,and such liners with a large-porosity facesheet exhibit low acoustic nonlinearities in the presence of high SPL,especially under high-velocity grazing flows.Moreover,a MDOF liner we delicately designed,compared with a conventional broadband three-layer perforated liner as the reference,is close to the resonant state at more frequencies and thus has higher and wider measured TL spectra almost from 1 kHz up to 10 kHz at studied Mach numbers,under the premise of saving 22.7 mm in the thickness.These show that,the MDOF septum liner,if well designed,can achieve an ultra-broadband efficient sound attenuation using more limited spaces in complex aeroacoustic environments.
文摘Circumferentially non-uniform tip clearances induced by rotor eccentricity significantly affect the overall performance of axial compressors,particularly the stability margin.Currently,Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)plays a crucial role in the aerodynamic analysis of eccentric compressors.However,conventional full-annulus Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(URANS)simulations are prohibitively expensive for routine design and analysis purposes.To address this issue,the paper presents a novel Fourier-based method,called the Time-Space Collocation(TSC)method,for efficient simulations of eccentric compressors.This method coherently treats temporal and spatial harmonics,making it well-suited to tackle the rotor eccentricity problem,as the perturbation waves induced by eccentricity are time-periodic with respect to the rotor and space-periodic with respect to the stator.Three numerical cases,including NASA Rotor 67,original Stage 67,and Stage 67 with a reduced rotor-stator axial gap,were conducted to verify the effectiveness of the TSC method.The results indicate that,for the rotor eccentricity levels studied in this paper,the influence of weak rotor-stator interactions can be disregarded in the original Stage 67.In this situation,applying three harmonics can accurately capture both the performance variations and the non-uniformly distributed flowfields of eccentric compressors,while achieving a reduction in run time by two orders of magnitude compared to full-annulus URANS simulations.However,in Stage 67 with a reduced rotor-stator axial gap,the results that include rotor-stator interactions align much more closely with the URANS results.Nevertheless,the TSC simulations can still achieve speed-ups of several dozen times.Overall,the TSC method shows promising potential for application within the engineering community.
基金supported by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)KAKENHI(Grant Nos.JP23KK0182,JP23K26356,and JP24K00971).
文摘Stony debris flows,characterized by coarse boulders embedded in a sediment-laden matrix,greatly amplify destructive potential by altering flow dynamics and impact forces.Conventional single-phase particle-fluidmixture models often struggle to capture the complexities introduced by coarse boulders and multi-phase interactions,while strong-coupling methods can be computationally prohibitive for practical hazard assessments.In this study,we propose a semi-hybrid,fully resolved coupling numerical framework for modeling boulder-laden debris flows.This framework conceptualizes debris flows as a composite system comprising a continuous viscous fluidphase(including finesediments)and a discrete phase of arbitrarily shaped coarse particles.The continuous phase is treated as a generalized nonlinear Coulomb-viscoplastic fluidusing the smoothed particle hydrodynamics(SPH)method,while coarse particles are modeled via the distributed contact discrete element method(DCDEM).These two phases are coupled through an efficienttwo-way resolved scheme,ensuring accurate simulation of flow-boulder interactions within a unifiedtimeframe.We validate the proposed method against two physical experiments:(1)gravity-driven concrete flows and(2)debris flowinteracting with slit-type barriers.Results confirmthe method's robustness in accurately capturing fluid-solid-structureinteractions and deposition processes.Its capabilities are further showcased through the simulation of a stony debris-flowevent inWenchuan County,China,highlighting its promise for real-world engineering applications and validating the effectiveness of the existing cascade dam system in mitigating debrisflowimpact and energy dissipation.
文摘This paper aims to numerically explore the characteristics of unsteady cavitating flow around a NACA0015 hydrofoil,with a focus on vorticity attributes.The simulation utilizes a homogeneous mixture model coupled with a filter-based density correction turbulence model and a modified Zwart cavitation model.The study investigates the dynamic cavitation features of the thermal fluid around the hydrofoil at various incoming flow velocities.It systematically elucidates the evolution of cavitation and vortex dynamics corresponding to each velocity condition.The results indicate that with increasing incoming flow velocity,distinct cavitation processes take place in the flow field.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2019YFA0405300)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11972368)the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province(Grant No.2021JJ10045).
文摘The stability of supersonic inlets faces challenges due to various changes in flight conditions,and flow control methods that address shock wave/boundary layer interactions under only one set of conditions cannot meet developmental requirements.This paper proposes an adaptive bump control scheme and employs dynamic mesh technology for numerical simulation to investigate the unsteady control effects of adaptive bumps.The obtained results indicate that the use of moving bumps to control shock wave/boundary layer interactions is feasible.The adaptive control effects of five different bump speeds are evaluated.Within the range of bump speeds studied,the analysis of the flow field structure reveals the patterns of change in the separation zone area during the control process,as well as the relationship between the bump motion speed and the control effect on the separation zone.It is concluded that the moving bump endows the boundary layer with additional energy.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52205468)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M710061 and No.2023T160277)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(No.BK20210755)。
文摘Large size titanium alloy parts are widely used in aerospace.However,they are difficult to manufacture using mechanical cutting technology because of severe tool wear.Electrochemical jet machining is a promising technology to achieve high efficiency,because it has high machining flexibility and no machining tool wear.However,reports on the macro electrochemical jet machining of large size titanium alloy parts are very scarce,because it is difficult to achieve effective constraint of the flow field in macro electrochemical jet machining.In addition,titanium alloy is very sensitive to fluctuation of the flow field,and a turbulent flow field would lead to serious stray corrosion.This paper reports a series of investigations of the electrochemical jet machining of titanium alloy parts.Based on the flow analysis and experiments,the machining flow field was effectively constrained.TB6 titanium alloy part with a perimeter of one meter was machined.The machined surface was smooth with no obvious machining defects.The machining process was particularly stable with no obvious spark discharge.The research provides a reference for the application of electrochemical jet machining technology to achieve large allowance material removal in the machining of large titanium alloy parts.
文摘Flows and transport phenomena in confined spaces have emerged as a key direction in modern fluid dynamics research[1].Scaling down the hydrodynamic length of a system does not simply lead to a laminar flow in low Reynolds number,but reveals plenty of new phenomena with novel technological implications.Unlike in macroscale systems,fluid behavior at micro-and nanoscales is governed by forces that act at or near the interfaces,including surface tension,wettability,van der Waals interactions,and electrostatic effects,etc.These interfacial forces produce new hydrodynamics and mass transport phenomena that have not been observed on large scales,which are widely used in multidisciplinary areas.
基金Sponsored by Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the Framework of Russian State Assignment(Grant No.124012500442⁃3).
文摘The modern definition of the wave concept,which is based on the functional connection between the parameters of the spatial structure of an instantaneous flow pattern and the characteristics of the temporal variability at a given point,is discussed.The dispersion relation for 2D plane periodic perturbations on the surface of viscous stratified fluid is selected as the characteristic function defining the wave motion.Using the theory of singular perturbations,a method for calculating complete solutions to the dispersion relations of periodic flows,including regular wave and singular ligament solutions is presented.Properties of the complete exact solution of the dispersion relation containing regular and singular functions are compared with asymptotic solutions.In limiting cases,obtained dispersion relations are matched with well⁃known expressions for waves in homogeneous viscous and ideal liquids.
文摘International capital flows play a crucial role in the process of globalization,presenting both opportunities and challenges to the financial stability of emerging economies.This article sorts out the positive effects and potential risks of international capital flows on the financial stability of emerging economies.By combining case studies in recent years,it analyzes the complex relationship between cross-border capital flows and financial stability,and proposes policy paths for emerging economies to cope with the shock of capital flows,providing references for enhancing financial resilience and achieving sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant NO.42361040]。
文摘Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92252201)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesthe Academic Excellence Foundation of Beihang University(BUAA)for PhD Students。
文摘Efficient and accurate simulation of unsteady flow presents a significant challenge that needs to be overcome in computational fluid dynamics.Temporal discretization method plays a crucial role in the simulation of unsteady flows.To enhance computational efficiency,we propose the Implicit-Explicit Two-Step Runge-Kutta(IMEX-TSRK)time-stepping discretization methods for unsteady flows,and develop a novel adaptive algorithm that correctly partitions spatial regions to apply implicit or explicit methods.The novel adaptive IMEX-TSRK schemes effectively handle the numerical stiffness of the small grid size and improve computational efficiency.Compared to implicit and explicit Runge-Kutta(RK)schemes,the IMEX-TSRK methods achieve the same order of accuracy with fewer first derivative calculations.Numerical case tests demonstrate that the IMEX-TSRK methods maintain numerical stability while enhancing computational efficiency.Specifically,in high Reynolds number flows,the computational efficiency of the IMEX-TSRK methods surpasses that of explicit RK schemes by more than one order of magnitude,and that of implicit RK schemes several times over.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11925204).
文摘In this paper,we develop a fourth-order conservative wavelet-based shock-capturing scheme.The scheme is constructed by combining a wavelet collocation upwind method with the monotonic tangent of hyperbola for interface capturing(THINC)technique.We employ boundary variation diminishing(BVD)reconstruction to enhance the scheme’s effectiveness in handling shocks.First,we prove that wavelet collocation upwind schemes based on interpolating wavelets can be reformulated into a conservative form within the framework of wavelet theory,forming the foundation of the proposed scheme.The new fourthorder accurate scheme possesses significantly better spectral resolution than the fifth-and even seventh-order WENO-Z(weighted essentially non-oscillatory)schemes over the entire wave-number range.Moreover,the inherent low-pass filtering property of the wavelet bases allows them to filter high-frequency numerical oscillations,endowing the wavelet upwind scheme with robustness and accuracy in solving problems under extreme conditions.Notably,due to the wavelet multiresolution approximation,the proposed scheme possesses a distinctive shape-preserving property absent in the WENO-Z schemes and the fifth-order schemes with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials.Furthermore,compared to the fifth-order scheme with BVD reconstruction based on polynomials—which is significantly superior to the WENO schemes—the proposed scheme further enhances the ability to capture discontinuities.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Council,Taiwan with grant numbers NSTC 112-2221-E-992-045,112-2221-E-992-057-MY3,and 112-2622-8-992-009-TD1.
文摘DDoS attacks represent one of the most pervasive and evolving threats in cybersecurity,capable of crippling critical infrastructures and disrupting services globally.As networks continue to expand and threats become more sophisticated,there is an urgent need for Intrusion Detection Systems(IDS)capable of handling these challenges effectively.Traditional IDS models frequently have difficulties in detecting new or changing attack patterns since they heavily depend on existing characteristics.This paper presents a novel approach for detecting unknown Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attacks by integrating Sliced Iterative Normalizing Flows(SINF)into IDS.SINF utilizes the Sliced Wasserstein distance to repeatedly modify probability distributions,enabling better management of high-dimensional data when there are only a few samples available.The unique architecture of SINF ensures efficient density estimation and robust sample generation,enabling IDS to adapt dynamically to emerging threats without relying heavily on predefined signatures or extensive retraining.By incorporating Open-Set Recognition(OSR)techniques,this method improves the system’s ability to detect both known and unknown attacks while maintaining high detection performance.The experimental evaluation on CICIDS2017 and CICDDoS2019 datasets demonstrates that the proposed system achieves an accuracy of 99.85%for known attacks and an F1 score of 99.99%after incremental learning for unknown attacks.The results clearly demonstrate the system’s strong generalization capability across unseen attacks while maintaining the computational efficiency required for real-world deployment.
文摘1. Introduction High-speed gas-particle flows are crucial in engineering applications and natural phenomena, such as volcanic eruptions,combustion, and hypersonic flight. These flows involve complex gas-particle interactions, posing significant challenges for simulations and experiments. This research highlight summarizes recent advancements in gas-particle dynamics under compressible conditions, covering key findings, numerical and experimental progress, and future directions. Details can be found in the work of Capecelatro and Wagner (Gas-particle dynamics in high-speed flows. Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 2024;56:379–403).
基金financially supported by Doctoral Fellowship of the University Grants Commission,Bangladesh.
文摘This study examines the causal relationship between financial technology startup venture capital(VC)financing and its deals with domestic credit provided by the banking sector and equity market movement.Despite the rise of alternative finance,such as fintech venture capital(it is the fund that venture capital firms put into young,promising fintech companies so that they can help them expand and scale quickly),which is yet underexplored,borrowers still heavily rely on banks and the stock market for financing.We use panel data from 57 countries from 2010 to 2020 and an advanced econometric method called the cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model(CS-ARDL)to determine how the size and number of fintech equity funds dealt with by venture capital firms,banking sector credit,and stock market returns are interrelated at the global level and across regional,income,and economic levels.Our results reveal a cointegrating relationship between fintech venture capital funding and deals with bank loans and equity market returns.However,this relationship varies across the regions studied and between developed and developing economies.Our findings provide crucial guidelines for policymakers to create policies that support balanced financial development by highlighting the global interaction of equity market movements,banking credit,and fintech venture capital investment and lay the groundwork for internationally aligned policies to guarantee the optimal distribution of financial capital and improve economic stability and adaptability by illustrating how these links differ across geographical locations and economic conditions.
