Predicting the blooming season of ornamental plants is significant for guiding adjustments in production decisions and providing viewing periods and routes.The current strategies for observation of ornamental plant bo...Predicting the blooming season of ornamental plants is significant for guiding adjustments in production decisions and providing viewing periods and routes.The current strategies for observation of ornamental plant booming periods are mainly based on manpower and experience,which have problems such as inaccurate recognition time,time-consuming and energy sapping.Therefore,this paper proposes a neural network-based method for predicting the flowering phase of pear tree.Firstly,based on the meteorological observation data of Shijiazhuang Meteorological Station from 2000 to 2019,three principal components(the temperature factor,weather factor,and humidity factor)with high correlation coefficient with the flowering phase of pear tree are obtained by using the principal component analysis method.Then,the three components are used as input factors for the BP neural network.A BP neural network prediction model is constructed based on genetic algorithm optimization.The crossover operator and mutation operator in the adaptive genetic algorithm are improved.Finally,the meteorological sample data from 2013 to 2019 are used to test and verify the algorithm in this paper.The results demonstrate that,the model can solve the local optimization problem of the BP neural network model.The prediction results of the flowering phase of pear tree are evaluated in terms of relevance and prediction accuracy.Both are superior to the traditional effective accumulated temperature and the prediction results of the stepwise regression method.This method can provide more reliable forecast information for the blooming period,which can provide decision-making reference for improving the development of tourism industry.展开更多
Forcing flower is an important step for planting pineapple. Although many papers have been reported about forcing flower for pineapple plants on the aim of harvesting fruits, no reports have been found about forcing f...Forcing flower is an important step for planting pineapple. Although many papers have been reported about forcing flower for pineapple plants on the aim of harvesting fruits, no reports have been found about forcing flower at seedling phase for preparing bonsai. In this paper, Tainong 4, Tainong 16 and Tainong 17 plants with 20 leaves were watered on stem apex with 40 ml of 0.13% of ethephron. Results showed that most of Tainong 4 plants flowered after being treated 30 days. None plant of Tainong 16 flowered after being treated 60 days. In the same variety, for example, Tainong 4, some plants flowered earlier, some plants flowered late. Tainong 4 was the most sensitive to ethephron at early-growth phase. Tainong 16 was the most insensitive variety. The low flower rate in this research might be due to that the pineapple plants were in early-vegetative-growth stage. They had not appropriate physiological conditions for forcing flowers. For making pineapple bonsai at early-vegetative-growth phase, higher doses of forcing-flower agent should be used than those of forcing-flower agent for harvesting fruits.展开更多
Collapse of a poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） chain upon heating and phase diagrams of aqueous PNIPAM solutions with very fiat LCST phase separation line are theoretically studied on the basis of cooperative ...Collapse of a poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） chain upon heating and phase diagrams of aqueous PNIPAM solutions with very fiat LCST phase separation line are theoretically studied on the basis of cooperative dehydration （simultaneous dissociation of bound water molecules in a group of correlated sequence）, and compared with the experimental observation of temperature-induced coil-globule transition by light scattering methods. The transition becomes sharper with the cooperativity parameter σ of hydration. Reentrant coil-globule-coil transition in mixed solvent of water and methanol is also studied from the viewpoint of competitive hydrogen bonds between polymer-water and polymer-methanol. The downward shift of the cloud-point curves （LCST cononsolvency） with the mole fraction of methanol due to the competition is calculated and compared with the experimental data. Aqueous solutions of hydophobically-modified PNIPAM carrying short alkyl chains at both chain ends （telechelic PNIPAM） are theoretically and experimentally studied. The LCST of these solutions is found to shift downward along the sol-gel transition curve as a result of end-chain association （association-induced phase separation）, and separate from the coil-globule transition line. Associated structures in the solution, such as flower micelles, mesoglobules and higher fractal assembly, are studied by USANS with theoretical modeling of the scattering function.展开更多
为了探究不同羊踯躅[Rhododendron molle(Blume) G. Don]品种间花香气挥发性成分的差异,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对16个羊踯躅品种的花香气挥发性成分进行了检测分析,并进行了主成分分析、聚类分析和...为了探究不同羊踯躅[Rhododendron molle(Blume) G. Don]品种间花香气挥发性成分的差异,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对16个羊踯躅品种的花香气挥发性成分进行了检测分析,并进行了主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:在供试羊踯躅品种花香气中共鉴定出109个挥发性成分,其中20个成分的含量高于1.0μg·g^(-1),大牛儿烯D、石竹烯、α-蒎烯、葎草烯、α-法尼烯、水杨酸甲酯、β-蒎烯和芳樟醇是羊踯躅花香气的关键成分。不同品种间花香气的挥发性成分组成和含量存在差异,‘纸鸢’(‘Zhiyuan’)花香气的挥发性成分数量(43)和总含量(115.19μg·g^(-1))均最高,且其醇类、醛类、萜烯类、酯类、苯类含量基本上显著(P<0.05)高于其余品种。主成分分析结果显示:前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率为82.947%,第1主成分中反式芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、橙花叔醇和α-荜澄茄油烯等9个成分含量的载荷绝对值较高,第2主成分中石竹烯和葎草烯含量的载荷绝对值较高,第3主成分中大牛儿烯D和α-法尼烯含量的载荷绝对值较高;‘纸鸢’的综合得分最高(7.32)。聚类结果显示:在欧氏距离13.85处,‘纸鸢’单独为一组,‘芬纳’(‘Fenna’)、‘白手鞠’(‘Baishouju’)和‘橙光’(‘Chengguang’)为一组,其余12个品种为一组。相关性分析结果显示:浓香型与白色花、中等香型与粉色花、弱香型与黄色花、无香型与橙色花均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。基于上述研究结果,羊踯躅的花色越艳丽则花香气越淡,并且,‘纸鸢’可作为羊踯躅花香气形成机制研究的优质材料。展开更多
以菜芙蓉花为原料,采用超声协同乙醇⁃硫酸铵双水相提取黄酮,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面试验优化提取工艺,并利用超高效液相色谱⁃轨道离子阱质谱(ultra⁃high performance liquid chromatography⁃orbit ion trap mass spectrometry,UP...以菜芙蓉花为原料,采用超声协同乙醇⁃硫酸铵双水相提取黄酮,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面试验优化提取工艺,并利用超高效液相色谱⁃轨道离子阱质谱(ultra⁃high performance liquid chromatography⁃orbit ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC⁃Orbitrap⁃MS)进行成分分析,与传统方法提取的黄酮进行抗氧化活性比较,并分析黄酮主要单体与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明:菜芙蓉花黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇质量分数31%、硫酸铵质量分数20%、超声功率210 W、菜芙蓉花粉末质量0.5 g,在此条件下相比为1.16±0.03,分配系数为50.13±2.50,黄酮提取率达(98.31±0.13)%。UPLC⁃Orbitrap⁃MS鉴定出63个黄酮类化合物,其中13个为首次鉴定出的化合物。与双水相法、超声法和醇提法相比,超声协同双水相提取的菜芙蓉花黄酮显示出较强的抗氧化活性,清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基EC_(50)分别为6.37μg/mL和17.71μg/mL。超声协同双水相法能高效提取菜芙蓉花黄酮,且该黄酮具有较高抗氧化活性。展开更多
基金This research was funded by the Science and Technology Support Plan Project of Hebei Province(Grant Number 19273703D)the Science and Technology Research Project of Hebei Province(Grant Number ZD2020318).
文摘Predicting the blooming season of ornamental plants is significant for guiding adjustments in production decisions and providing viewing periods and routes.The current strategies for observation of ornamental plant booming periods are mainly based on manpower and experience,which have problems such as inaccurate recognition time,time-consuming and energy sapping.Therefore,this paper proposes a neural network-based method for predicting the flowering phase of pear tree.Firstly,based on the meteorological observation data of Shijiazhuang Meteorological Station from 2000 to 2019,three principal components(the temperature factor,weather factor,and humidity factor)with high correlation coefficient with the flowering phase of pear tree are obtained by using the principal component analysis method.Then,the three components are used as input factors for the BP neural network.A BP neural network prediction model is constructed based on genetic algorithm optimization.The crossover operator and mutation operator in the adaptive genetic algorithm are improved.Finally,the meteorological sample data from 2013 to 2019 are used to test and verify the algorithm in this paper.The results demonstrate that,the model can solve the local optimization problem of the BP neural network model.The prediction results of the flowering phase of pear tree are evaluated in terms of relevance and prediction accuracy.Both are superior to the traditional effective accumulated temperature and the prediction results of the stepwise regression method.This method can provide more reliable forecast information for the blooming period,which can provide decision-making reference for improving the development of tourism industry.
文摘Forcing flower is an important step for planting pineapple. Although many papers have been reported about forcing flower for pineapple plants on the aim of harvesting fruits, no reports have been found about forcing flower at seedling phase for preparing bonsai. In this paper, Tainong 4, Tainong 16 and Tainong 17 plants with 20 leaves were watered on stem apex with 40 ml of 0.13% of ethephron. Results showed that most of Tainong 4 plants flowered after being treated 30 days. None plant of Tainong 16 flowered after being treated 60 days. In the same variety, for example, Tainong 4, some plants flowered earlier, some plants flowered late. Tainong 4 was the most sensitive to ethephron at early-growth phase. Tainong 16 was the most insensitive variety. The low flower rate in this research might be due to that the pineapple plants were in early-vegetative-growth stage. They had not appropriate physiological conditions for forcing flowers. For making pineapple bonsai at early-vegetative-growth phase, higher doses of forcing-flower agent should be used than those of forcing-flower agent for harvesting fruits.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research on Priority Areas"Soft Matter Physics"from the Ministry of Education,Culture,Sports,Science and Technology of Japan,and partly supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research(B) from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science under grant number 19350057
文摘Collapse of a poly（N-isopropylacrylamide） （PNIPAM） chain upon heating and phase diagrams of aqueous PNIPAM solutions with very fiat LCST phase separation line are theoretically studied on the basis of cooperative dehydration （simultaneous dissociation of bound water molecules in a group of correlated sequence）, and compared with the experimental observation of temperature-induced coil-globule transition by light scattering methods. The transition becomes sharper with the cooperativity parameter σ of hydration. Reentrant coil-globule-coil transition in mixed solvent of water and methanol is also studied from the viewpoint of competitive hydrogen bonds between polymer-water and polymer-methanol. The downward shift of the cloud-point curves （LCST cononsolvency） with the mole fraction of methanol due to the competition is calculated and compared with the experimental data. Aqueous solutions of hydophobically-modified PNIPAM carrying short alkyl chains at both chain ends （telechelic PNIPAM） are theoretically and experimentally studied. The LCST of these solutions is found to shift downward along the sol-gel transition curve as a result of end-chain association （association-induced phase separation）, and separate from the coil-globule transition line. Associated structures in the solution, such as flower micelles, mesoglobules and higher fractal assembly, are studied by USANS with theoretical modeling of the scattering function.
文摘为了探究不同羊踯躅[Rhododendron molle(Blume) G. Don]品种间花香气挥发性成分的差异,采用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用(HS-SPME-GC-MS)技术对16个羊踯躅品种的花香气挥发性成分进行了检测分析,并进行了主成分分析、聚类分析和相关性分析。结果表明:在供试羊踯躅品种花香气中共鉴定出109个挥发性成分,其中20个成分的含量高于1.0μg·g^(-1),大牛儿烯D、石竹烯、α-蒎烯、葎草烯、α-法尼烯、水杨酸甲酯、β-蒎烯和芳樟醇是羊踯躅花香气的关键成分。不同品种间花香气的挥发性成分组成和含量存在差异,‘纸鸢’(‘Zhiyuan’)花香气的挥发性成分数量(43)和总含量(115.19μg·g^(-1))均最高,且其醇类、醛类、萜烯类、酯类、苯类含量基本上显著(P<0.05)高于其余品种。主成分分析结果显示:前3个主成分的累计方差贡献率为82.947%,第1主成分中反式芳樟醇氧化物(呋喃型)、橙花叔醇和α-荜澄茄油烯等9个成分含量的载荷绝对值较高,第2主成分中石竹烯和葎草烯含量的载荷绝对值较高,第3主成分中大牛儿烯D和α-法尼烯含量的载荷绝对值较高;‘纸鸢’的综合得分最高(7.32)。聚类结果显示:在欧氏距离13.85处,‘纸鸢’单独为一组,‘芬纳’(‘Fenna’)、‘白手鞠’(‘Baishouju’)和‘橙光’(‘Chengguang’)为一组,其余12个品种为一组。相关性分析结果显示:浓香型与白色花、中等香型与粉色花、弱香型与黄色花、无香型与橙色花均呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关。基于上述研究结果,羊踯躅的花色越艳丽则花香气越淡,并且,‘纸鸢’可作为羊踯躅花香气形成机制研究的优质材料。
文摘以菜芙蓉花为原料,采用超声协同乙醇⁃硫酸铵双水相提取黄酮,在单因素试验基础上,通过响应面试验优化提取工艺,并利用超高效液相色谱⁃轨道离子阱质谱(ultra⁃high performance liquid chromatography⁃orbit ion trap mass spectrometry,UPLC⁃Orbitrap⁃MS)进行成分分析,与传统方法提取的黄酮进行抗氧化活性比较,并分析黄酮主要单体与抗氧化活性的相关性。结果表明:菜芙蓉花黄酮最佳提取工艺为乙醇质量分数31%、硫酸铵质量分数20%、超声功率210 W、菜芙蓉花粉末质量0.5 g,在此条件下相比为1.16±0.03,分配系数为50.13±2.50,黄酮提取率达(98.31±0.13)%。UPLC⁃Orbitrap⁃MS鉴定出63个黄酮类化合物,其中13个为首次鉴定出的化合物。与双水相法、超声法和醇提法相比,超声协同双水相提取的菜芙蓉花黄酮显示出较强的抗氧化活性,清除DPPH自由基和ABTS+自由基EC_(50)分别为6.37μg/mL和17.71μg/mL。超声协同双水相法能高效提取菜芙蓉花黄酮,且该黄酮具有较高抗氧化活性。
