Tetrahydrofuran（THF） was selected as the substitute to study the flow behaviors and the mechanism of the hydrates blockage in pipelines.The slurrylike hydrates and slushlike hydrates are observed with the formation ...Tetrahydrofuran（THF） was selected as the substitute to study the flow behaviors and the mechanism of the hydrates blockage in pipelines.The slurrylike hydrates and slushlike hydrates are observed with the formation of hydrates in pipeline.There is a critical hydrate volume concentration of 50.6% for THF slurries and pipeline will be free of hydrate blockage while the hydrate volume concentration is lower than the critical volume concentration;otherwise,pipeline will be easy to be blocked.Fully turbulent flow occurs and friction factors tend to be constant when the velocity reaches 1.5 m/s.And then,constant values of friction factors that depend on the volume concentrations in the slurry were regressed to estimate the pressure drops of THF hydrate slurry at large mean velocity.Finally,a safe region,defined according to the critical hydrate volume concentration,was proposed for THF hydrate slurry,which may provide some insight for further studying the natural gas hydrate slurries and judge whether the pipeline can be run safely or not.展开更多
The influence of the structure and running parameters of a novel spiral oil wedge hybrid journal bearing on the fluid flow trace is investigated. The governing equation of the flow trace of lubricant is set up, and th...The influence of the structure and running parameters of a novel spiral oil wedge hybrid journal bearing on the fluid flow trace is investigated. The governing equation of the flow trace of lubricant is set up, and the simulation is carried out by using finite difference method. The results show that the lubricant flow status and end leakage quantity are greatly influenced by spiral angle,and that the rotating speed has little influence on the flow status. With advisable geometry design, the separation of lubricant between different oil wedges can be obtained, which can decrease the temperature rise effectively.展开更多
CaN nanorods are successfully fabricated by adjusting the flow rate ratio of hydrogen （H2）/nitrogen （N2） and growth temperature of the selective area growth （SAG） method with metal organic chemical vapor deposit...CaN nanorods are successfully fabricated by adjusting the flow rate ratio of hydrogen （H2）/nitrogen （N2） and growth temperature of the selective area growth （SAG） method with metal organic chemical vapor deposition （MOCVD）. The SAG template is obtained by nanospherical-lens photolithography. It is found that increasing the flow rate of 1-12 will change the CaN crystal shape from pyramid to vertical rod, while increasing the growth temperature will reduce the diameters of GaN rods to nanometer scale. Finally the CaN nanorods with smooth lateral surface and relatively good quality are obtained under the condition that the H2：N2 ratio is 1：1 and the growth temperature is 1030℃. The good crystal quality and orientation of GaN nanorods are confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The cathodoluminescence spectrum suggests that the crystal and optical quality is also improved with increasing the temperature.展开更多
In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 11...In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.展开更多
Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petroph...Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petrophysics are studied using an assembly of well log data from 8 wells together with core plugs measurements. Petrophysical analysis showed a good reservoir quality with average water saturation increasing toward the East and Southeast of the study area. Using a multi-linear regression technique on well logs and core data, permeability is estimated at well locations for flow unit characterization and flow capacity calculation. Results showed that five hydraulic flow units are identified through the studied wells, with relatively good correlation. Such correlation indicated a good continuity in the net pay zone of Abu Madi Formation in the Nile Delta reservoirs. The developed hydraulic flow units (HFUs) are classified according to its hydraulic conductivity into two main categories: the first category comprises the units with low permeability (K 1270 mD). The reservoir flow capacity (RFC) of these units indicated the development of 4 distinct classes (~11, ~30, ~80, and greater than 130 D.ft). The wells within the Northwestern part of the study area showed three HFUs that relatively vary from those located at the Southeast where two HFUs are only developed. In addition, the Southeastern part of the reservoir is characterized by good RFC as indicated by the development of high order HFUs (3, 4, and 5) compared to the Northeastern part with predominated low order HFUs (1, 2, and 3). Such results are crucial for the efficient field development and profound reservoir management of oil and gas fields in the Nile Delta.展开更多
为探究流域内物源的空间分布状态对泥石流易发性的影响,采用数学统计原理最近邻指数对物源的空间聚类进行量化,并基于2243条小流域为评价单元,以纵比降、面积-高程积分、地形湿度指数、地震峰值加速度、岩性坚硬度为孕灾指标,物源的聚...为探究流域内物源的空间分布状态对泥石流易发性的影响,采用数学统计原理最近邻指数对物源的空间聚类进行量化,并基于2243条小流域为评价单元,以纵比降、面积-高程积分、地形湿度指数、地震峰值加速度、岩性坚硬度为孕灾指标,物源的聚集度指标、连通性指数、物源储量等物源指标为核心,依托LightGBM模型探究金沙江上游石鼓-岗托河段的泥石流易发性。研究过程分别计算物源因子的指标体系与不包含物源因子的指标体系。两种结果均表明:较高、高易发区主要集中在奔子栏-巴塘河段。通过ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)曲线分析可得,加入物源特征指标后得出AUC(area under the curve)值与不含物源特征的AUC值相比提升了6%,表明在加入物源指标后,模型呈现出良好表现,预测精度较高;也证明了物源特征指标对于泥石流发生概率的关联性很大。展开更多
为了解决多流中间包内钢液流动特性定量描述问题,本工作基于组合模型假设,深入解析描述中间包内钢液流动特性的停留时间分布(Residence Time Distribution, RTD)函数,建立了停留时间分布函数标准差与中间包活塞区体积分数的等式关系,提...为了解决多流中间包内钢液流动特性定量描述问题,本工作基于组合模型假设,深入解析描述中间包内钢液流动特性的停留时间分布(Residence Time Distribution, RTD)函数,建立了停留时间分布函数标准差与中间包活塞区体积分数的等式关系,提出了一种定量描述中间包钢液流动特性的标准差分析模型。该模型采用停留时间分布函数标准差替代传统模型中最小响应时间作为求解活塞区体积分数的参数。同时,基于多流中间包总体停留时间分布函数标准差是各流停留时间分布函数标准差的均方根平均值,将该标准差分析模型推广至多流中间包流动特性分析,形成总体标准差分析模型。与传统多流中间包分析模型相比,该方法解决了总体分析方法中最小响应时间难以确定的问题,同时,也避免了采用并联分析模型时产生死区体积分数为负的现象。最后,通过对比不同模型下的五流中间包RTD曲线,验证了总体标准差分析模型描述多流中间包流动特性的准确性和优点。展开更多
文摘Tetrahydrofuran（THF） was selected as the substitute to study the flow behaviors and the mechanism of the hydrates blockage in pipelines.The slurrylike hydrates and slushlike hydrates are observed with the formation of hydrates in pipeline.There is a critical hydrate volume concentration of 50.6% for THF slurries and pipeline will be free of hydrate blockage while the hydrate volume concentration is lower than the critical volume concentration;otherwise,pipeline will be easy to be blocked.Fully turbulent flow occurs and friction factors tend to be constant when the velocity reaches 1.5 m/s.And then,constant values of friction factors that depend on the volume concentrations in the slurry were regressed to estimate the pressure drops of THF hydrate slurry at large mean velocity.Finally,a safe region,defined according to the critical hydrate volume concentration,was proposed for THF hydrate slurry,which may provide some insight for further studying the natural gas hydrate slurries and judge whether the pipeline can be run safely or not.
基金This project is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50275089)
文摘The influence of the structure and running parameters of a novel spiral oil wedge hybrid journal bearing on the fluid flow trace is investigated. The governing equation of the flow trace of lubricant is set up, and the simulation is carried out by using finite difference method. The results show that the lubricant flow status and end leakage quantity are greatly influenced by spiral angle,and that the rotating speed has little influence on the flow status. With advisable geometry design, the separation of lubricant between different oil wedges can be obtained, which can decrease the temperature rise effectively.
基金Supported by the Key Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No 61334009the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China under Grant No 2014AA032604
文摘CaN nanorods are successfully fabricated by adjusting the flow rate ratio of hydrogen （H2）/nitrogen （N2） and growth temperature of the selective area growth （SAG） method with metal organic chemical vapor deposition （MOCVD）. The SAG template is obtained by nanospherical-lens photolithography. It is found that increasing the flow rate of 1-12 will change the CaN crystal shape from pyramid to vertical rod, while increasing the growth temperature will reduce the diameters of GaN rods to nanometer scale. Finally the CaN nanorods with smooth lateral surface and relatively good quality are obtained under the condition that the H2：N2 ratio is 1：1 and the growth temperature is 1030℃. The good crystal quality and orientation of GaN nanorods are confirmed by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. The cathodoluminescence spectrum suggests that the crystal and optical quality is also improved with increasing the temperature.
基金Funded by the New Product Research Program(No.X18ECQ0A00)of Baoshan Iron&Steel Co.Ltd.
文摘In order to study the high temperature flow behaviour of the V modified 2.25Cr-1Mo steel plate to guide the industrial rolling practice, the hot compression tests were carried out at the temperatures from 900 ℃ to 1150 ℃ and the strain rates from 0.01s^-1 to 1 s^-1 on Thermecmastor-Z equipment. Based on the experimental data of the hot compression tests, a kind of Arrhenius-type constitutive equation was developed.The equation can accurately show the relationship between the flow stress and the deformation temperature, the strain and the strain rate. The measured true stress-true strain curves exhibit two kinds of flow stress curves. Moreover, the forming mechanisms of these two types curves were explained by softening, wok hardening theory as well as metallographic and hardness experimental results. The accuracy of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation was identified by three kinds of statistic parameters and also by comparison of the measured and predicted data. The reasonable value of the three types of statistic parameters and the good agreement between the experimental and predicted data can confirm the validity of the developed Arrheniustype constitutive equation for V modified 2.25 Cr-1 Mo heat resistant steel plate.
文摘Field development typically requires detailed petrophysical analysis and well defined hydraulic flow units for comprehensive formation evaluation and reservoir characterization. In the present study, pay zones petrophysics are studied using an assembly of well log data from 8 wells together with core plugs measurements. Petrophysical analysis showed a good reservoir quality with average water saturation increasing toward the East and Southeast of the study area. Using a multi-linear regression technique on well logs and core data, permeability is estimated at well locations for flow unit characterization and flow capacity calculation. Results showed that five hydraulic flow units are identified through the studied wells, with relatively good correlation. Such correlation indicated a good continuity in the net pay zone of Abu Madi Formation in the Nile Delta reservoirs. The developed hydraulic flow units (HFUs) are classified according to its hydraulic conductivity into two main categories: the first category comprises the units with low permeability (K 1270 mD). The reservoir flow capacity (RFC) of these units indicated the development of 4 distinct classes (~11, ~30, ~80, and greater than 130 D.ft). The wells within the Northwestern part of the study area showed three HFUs that relatively vary from those located at the Southeast where two HFUs are only developed. In addition, the Southeastern part of the reservoir is characterized by good RFC as indicated by the development of high order HFUs (3, 4, and 5) compared to the Northeastern part with predominated low order HFUs (1, 2, and 3). Such results are crucial for the efficient field development and profound reservoir management of oil and gas fields in the Nile Delta.
文摘为探究流域内物源的空间分布状态对泥石流易发性的影响,采用数学统计原理最近邻指数对物源的空间聚类进行量化,并基于2243条小流域为评价单元,以纵比降、面积-高程积分、地形湿度指数、地震峰值加速度、岩性坚硬度为孕灾指标,物源的聚集度指标、连通性指数、物源储量等物源指标为核心,依托LightGBM模型探究金沙江上游石鼓-岗托河段的泥石流易发性。研究过程分别计算物源因子的指标体系与不包含物源因子的指标体系。两种结果均表明:较高、高易发区主要集中在奔子栏-巴塘河段。通过ROC(receiver operating characteristic curve)曲线分析可得,加入物源特征指标后得出AUC(area under the curve)值与不含物源特征的AUC值相比提升了6%,表明在加入物源指标后,模型呈现出良好表现,预测精度较高;也证明了物源特征指标对于泥石流发生概率的关联性很大。
文摘为了解决多流中间包内钢液流动特性定量描述问题,本工作基于组合模型假设,深入解析描述中间包内钢液流动特性的停留时间分布(Residence Time Distribution, RTD)函数,建立了停留时间分布函数标准差与中间包活塞区体积分数的等式关系,提出了一种定量描述中间包钢液流动特性的标准差分析模型。该模型采用停留时间分布函数标准差替代传统模型中最小响应时间作为求解活塞区体积分数的参数。同时,基于多流中间包总体停留时间分布函数标准差是各流停留时间分布函数标准差的均方根平均值,将该标准差分析模型推广至多流中间包流动特性分析,形成总体标准差分析模型。与传统多流中间包分析模型相比,该方法解决了总体分析方法中最小响应时间难以确定的问题,同时,也避免了采用并联分析模型时产生死区体积分数为负的现象。最后,通过对比不同模型下的五流中间包RTD曲线,验证了总体标准差分析模型描述多流中间包流动特性的准确性和优点。
