Introduced a new gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing dtsctaarge tor nne coat~, u,u ,,,~,.~ cation and cyclone scavenging with flotation in an original way. The beneficiation performance of it was good....Introduced a new gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing dtsctaarge tor nne coat~, u,u ,,,~,.~ cation and cyclone scavenging with flotation in an original way. The beneficiation performance of it was good. The results show that the gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing discharge can produce high-quality clean coal of 10.46% ash from free coal of 35.56% ash. It can discharge the fine and coarse tailings separately.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
Lepidolite,feldspar,and quartz are silicate minerals with similar chemical properties,complicating their flotation separation.Current collector systems require strong acidic conditions for effective separation but sti...Lepidolite,feldspar,and quartz are silicate minerals with similar chemical properties,complicating their flotation separation.Current collector systems require strong acidic conditions for effective separation but still face challenges related to low separation efficiency and recovery rates.This study proposed a novel collector,ammonium dodecylsulfate(ALS),to selectively extract lepidolite from feldspar and quartz using highly selective flotation methods.Microflotation experiments showed that ALS significantly outperforms other collectors in collecting lepidolite compared to feldspar and quartz.At pH 7,lepidolite recovery reached 95%,while flotation recoveries for both feldspar and quartz were below 10%.Mixed pure mineral flotation tests revealed that at pH 7 and ALS concentration of 2.5×10^(-4) mol·L^(−1),the Li_(2)O content in the concentrate was 4.21%,with a recovery rate of 95.01%.Separation efficiency and Gaudin selectivity index values were recorded.Solution chemical analyses showed that at pH 7,ALS completely ionizes into NH_(4)^(+)and CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(11)OSO_(3)^(−).Various analytical techniques,including high-speed photography imaging,contact angle measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,confirmed that the anion CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(11)OSO_(3)^(−)adsorbs chemically onto aluminum sites on lepidolite's surface,while the cation NH_(4)+binds through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.The combined adsorption of these ions on lepidolite's surface enhanced its hydrophobicity.In contrast,ALS showed minimal adsorption on feldspar and quartz surfaces,which remained hydrophilic,enabling efficient selective flotation separation of lepidolite from both feldspar and quartz.展开更多
n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demons...n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.展开更多
The lime-Cu^(2+)-xanthate process is commonly used for the flotation separation of sphalerite from pyrite.In this process,lime is added to the pulp to inhibit the floatability of pyrite.However,the excessive use of li...The lime-Cu^(2+)-xanthate process is commonly used for the flotation separation of sphalerite from pyrite.In this process,lime is added to the pulp to inhibit the floatability of pyrite.However,the excessive use of lime can result in pipeline blockage and inadequate recovery of associated precious metals.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new flotation process that minimizes or eliminates the use of lime.In this paper,a novel Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-butyl xanthate process was developed as an alternative to lime for separating of sphalerite from pyrite.The flotation results indicated that with the artificially-mixed minerals,the flotation recovery of pyrite was lower than 16%and that of sphalerite was higher than 47%at pH 5.0−10.0.The zeta potential measurements revealed that ferric ion preferred to adsorb on pyrite,and copper ion displaced with zinc ion from the lattice at the interface of sphalerite.The wettability analyses indicated that the hydrophobicity of sphalerite surface increased apparently after being treated with Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-BX,while the hydrophobicity of pyrite surface remained nearly unchanged.With XPS analysis,Cu-S bond and hydrophilic ferric hydroxide were detected separately on the surface of sphalerite and pyrite after conditioning with Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-BX,which facilitated the flotation separation of sphalerite from pyrite with butyl xanthate collector.展开更多
The physical and chemical properties of feldspar and quartz are highly similar,thus they cannot be easily separated effectively.In this work,the flotation separation of feldspar from quartz using sodium fluosilicate(N...The physical and chemical properties of feldspar and quartz are highly similar,thus they cannot be easily separated effectively.In this work,the flotation separation of feldspar from quartz using sodium fluosilicate(Na_(2)SiF_(6);SF)as a selective depressant was investigated.Moreover,the influence mechanism of SF on the selective flotation separation of feldspar and quartz was investigated via flotation tests,chemical analysis of flotation solution,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and contact angle analysis.The results of the flotation tests show that feld spar and quartz without SF treatment have good floatability.After SF treatment,feldspar still has good floatability,whereas quartz has significantly reduced floatability.Flotation solution chemical analysis shows that the functional group plays an important role in depressing the quartz is[SiF_(6)]^(2-).FTIR,XPS and contact angle analysis results show that[SiF_(6)]^(2-)is adsorbed only on the surface of quartz.Thus,a thin hydrophilic SiOF layer is generated on the surface,which interferes with the adsorption of the collector on the surface of the quartz.This phenomenon leads to a significant reduction in quartz's floatability.Therefore,SF has a good ability to separate feldspar from quartz by flotation.展开更多
Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulator...Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.展开更多
To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the re...To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the regulator.The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement,zeta potential detection,solution chemistry calculation,FTIR analysis,and XPS detection.The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L,the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%,and the selectivity separation index was 6.46.The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO_(4)^(2−)of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite,promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH_(3)^(+)of DDA on calcite surface,while brucite is basically not affected by PDP.Therefore,PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.展开更多
The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the...The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.展开更多
Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector design...Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector designed to efficiently remove carbonates and enhance phosphate enrichment in froth flotation processes.This study focuses on the synthesis of an anionic collector using the saponification reaction of a frying oil sample,subsequently applied to the flotation of calcite and dolomite.To elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of the frying oil collector(FrOC)and sodium oleate,a reference collector,on fluorapatite,calcite,dolomite,and quartz surfaces,comprehensive experiments were conducted,including zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results revealed diverse adsorption affinities of the molecules towards these minerals.To assess the practical performance of the collector,flotation tests were conducted using a natural phosphate ore mixture,employing a BoxBehnken experimental design.Notably,under optimized conditions(pH 9,1000 g/t of FrOC,3.5 min of conditioning,and 6 min of flotation),FrOC exhibited excellent performance,with calcite and dolomite recoveries exceeding 80%,while apatite recovery in the concentrate fraction remained below 10%.This work exemplifies both circular economy practices and the distinctive approach to sustainable mineral processing.展开更多
A novel small molecule depressant(M-DEP)was used to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.The results showed that M-DEP had an excellent selective depression on molybdenite,while had little effect on the...A novel small molecule depressant(M-DEP)was used to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.The results showed that M-DEP had an excellent selective depression on molybdenite,while had little effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite.The adsorption capacity of M-DEP on the surface of molybdenite was greater than that on chalcopyrite surface.The adsorption of M-DEP reduced the floatability of molybdenite and had less effect on the floatability of chalcopyrite,which was due to its different adsorption modes on the surface of the two minerals.Furthermore,the interaction between chalcopyrite and M-DEP was mainly chemical interaction,and almost all of the adsorbed M-DEP molecules were removed and replaced by sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).By contrast,hydrophobic interaction was the main way in which M-DEP was adsorbed on the molybdenite surface with little chemical interaction,which was less interfered by SBX addition.Therefore,M-DEP had a super selective depression on molybdenite.The study provided a novel depressant and approach for the deep separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.展开更多
A novel hydroxamic acid,N-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy group-octadecanamide(N-OH-9,10-O-ODA),was synthesised by modifying the structure of oleic acid.The carboxyl group of oleic acid was converted into an N-hydroxy amide group,...A novel hydroxamic acid,N-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy group-octadecanamide(N-OH-9,10-O-ODA),was synthesised by modifying the structure of oleic acid.The carboxyl group of oleic acid was converted into an N-hydroxy amide group,and an epoxy group was introduced into its structure.N-OH-9,10-O-ODA was used as a novel collector in the flotation separation of spodumene from one of its associated gangue minerals,specifically albite.N-OH-9,10-O-ODA exhibits remarkable selectivity,with a stronger affinity for collecting spodumene particles compared to albite particles.Zeta potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis reveal that the adsorption quantity of N-OH-9,10-O-ODA on spodumene surface is comparable to that on albite surface.First-principles calculations demonstrate the diverse adsorption configurations of N-OH-9,10-O-ODA on surfaces of spodumene and albite,leading to its distinct collecting abilities for spodumene and albite particles.展开更多
As a cornerstone of the national economy,the iron and steel industry generates a significant amount of sintering dust containing both valuable lead resources and deleterious elements.Flotation is a promising technique...As a cornerstone of the national economy,the iron and steel industry generates a significant amount of sintering dust containing both valuable lead resources and deleterious elements.Flotation is a promising technique for lead recovery from sintering dust,but efficient separation from Fe_(2)O_(3) is still challenging.This study investigated the cooperative effect of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS,C_(12)H_(25)SO_(4)Na)and sodium pyrophosphate(SPP,Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7))on the selective flotation of lead oxide minerals(PbOHCl and PbSO_(4))from hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)).Optimal flotation conditions were first identified,resulting in high recovery of lead oxide minerals while inhibiting Fe_(2)O_(3) flotation.Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis,adsorption capacity analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)studies offer insights into the adsorption behaviors of the reagents on mineral surfaces,revealing strong adsorption of SLS on PbOHCl and PbSO_(4) surfaces and remarkable adsorption of SPP on Fe_(2)O_(3).The proposed model of reagent adsorption on mineral surfaces illustrates the selective adsorption behavior,highlighting the pivotal role of reagent adsorption in the separation process.These findings contribute to the efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of iron ore sintering dust for lead recovery,paving the way for sustainable resource management in the iron and steel industry.展开更多
The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by mea...The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.展开更多
A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed p...A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed particle sizedistribution,rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically.The results suggestthat compared with kerosene and diesel oil,transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotationselectivity for molybdenite,providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage.Moreover,compared with bulkflotation approach,the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery(90.77%)and grade(0.80%)in the cleaner concentrate,and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over18%and5%in the final Moconcentrate,respectively.The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rationaland effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu-Mo ores.展开更多
Environmentally friendly flotation reagent,polyaspartic acid(PAPA),was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite.The depression mechanism of PAP...Environmentally friendly flotation reagent,polyaspartic acid(PAPA),was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite.The depression mechanism of PAPA was revealed by contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)measurement.The micro-flotation tests with single minerals showed that PAPA selectively depressed Cu-activated sphalerite,while chalcopyrite remained floatable.Moreover,a concentrate containing 31.40%Cu with a recovery of 92.43%was obtained in flotation tests of artificially mixed minerals.Results of contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum revealed that PAPA exerted a much stronger adsorption on Cu-activated sphalerite surface than on chalcopyrite surface,preventing the further adsorption of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate(DDTC)on its surface.ICP measurements indicated that PAPA had an excellent complexing ability with Cu^(2+)in flotation pulp,weakening the activation of Cu species on sphalerite surface and producing selective depression.展开更多
Polyaspartic acid(PASP)was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant,and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of scheelite and calcite using sodium oleate(NaOL)as a collector was investigated by ways...Polyaspartic acid(PASP)was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant,and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of scheelite and calcite using sodium oleate(NaOL)as a collector was investigated by ways of flotation experiments,zeta potential measurement,contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis(IR).The results show that PASP exhibits stronger inhibition capability and selectivity than acidified water glass,and the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite can be realized in the presence of 6 mg/L PASP and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH>6.In the presence of PASP,the zeta potential of calcite surface almost keeps unchanged after adding NaOL,and the contact angle decreases sharply.Therefore,it is indicated that PASP significantly decreases the adsorption of NaOL on calcite surface.By contrast,it has no distinct effect on the adsorption of NaOL on the scheelite surface,which is further confirmed by IR results.展开更多
The flotation separation of magnesite from calcium-containing minerals has always been a difficult subject in minerals processing.This work studied the inhibition effects of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),sodium lignosu...The flotation separation of magnesite from calcium-containing minerals has always been a difficult subject in minerals processing.This work studied the inhibition effects of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),sodium lignosulphonate,polyaspartic acid(PASP)and sodium silicate on flotation behaviors of magnesite,dolomite and calcite,providing guidance for the development of reagents in magnesite flotation.The micro-flotation results showed that among these four depressants,sodium silicate presented the strongest selectivity due to the highest recovery difference,and the flotation separation of magnesite from dolomite and calcite could be achieved by using sodium silicate as the depressant.Contact angle measurement indicated that the addition of sodium silicate caused the largest differences in surface wettability of the three minerals,which was in line with micro-flotation tests.Furthermore,zeta potential test,the Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and atomic force microscope(AFM)imaging were used to reveal the inhibition mechanism of sodium silicate.The results indicated that the dominated component SiO(OH)3of sodium silicate could adsorb on minerals surfaces,and the adsorption of sodium silicate hardly affected the adsorption of NaOL on magnesite surface,but caused the reduction of NaOL adsorption on dolomite and calcite surfaces,thereby increasing the flotation selectivity.展开更多
Tragacanth gum(TG)was explored as a depressant to realize the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc.The flotation experiments indicated that when using potassium butyl xanthate(PBX)as a collector,molybdenite sh...Tragacanth gum(TG)was explored as a depressant to realize the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc.The flotation experiments indicated that when using potassium butyl xanthate(PBX)as a collector,molybdenite showed excellent floatability while talc was completely depressed by TG,thus realizing the flotation separation of the two minerals.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis results showed that TG was adsorbed on molybdenite surface via chemisorption.The results of contact angle measurement,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)indicated that the pre-adsorption of TG on molybdenite could not hinder the further chemisorption of PBX on molybdenite.Because PBX has no collecting ability on talc,the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc came true using PBX to collect molybdenite and TG to depress talc.展开更多
Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was introduced as a depressant in reverse flotation separation of quartz from magnesite.The flotation behavior and surface properties of magnesite and quartz exposed to CMC were studied by ...Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was introduced as a depressant in reverse flotation separation of quartz from magnesite.The flotation behavior and surface properties of magnesite and quartz exposed to CMC were studied by zeta potential tests,atomic force microscopy imaging and contact angle measurements.The addition of CMC as the depressant in reverse flotation using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector exhibited a selectively depressive performance towards magnesite and achieved an improved recovery of magnesite.The study of surface properties demonstrated that CMC and DDA exhibited different adsorption strengths on the surface of magnesite and quartz.It was found that the adsorption of CMC on magnesite surface was stronger than that of DDA,which hindered the subsequent adsorption of DDA on magnesite surface.On the contrary,the quartz surface was strongly adsorbed by DDA instead of CMC,which proved that the addition of CMC did not influence the flotation of quartz.展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China （50974094） the National High-tech R ＆ D Program of China （863 Program） （2007AA05Z317）
文摘Introduced a new gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing dtsctaarge tor nne coat~, u,u ,,,~,.~ cation and cyclone scavenging with flotation in an original way. The beneficiation performance of it was good. The results show that the gravity and flotation separator with double-tailing discharge can produce high-quality clean coal of 10.46% ash from free coal of 35.56% ash. It can discharge the fine and coarse tailings separately.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
基金supported by the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274263)the Key Research and Development Program of Jiangxi Province(No.20214BBG74001)the Major Science and Technology Innovation Project of Yichun(No.2023ZDKJGG03).
文摘Lepidolite,feldspar,and quartz are silicate minerals with similar chemical properties,complicating their flotation separation.Current collector systems require strong acidic conditions for effective separation but still face challenges related to low separation efficiency and recovery rates.This study proposed a novel collector,ammonium dodecylsulfate(ALS),to selectively extract lepidolite from feldspar and quartz using highly selective flotation methods.Microflotation experiments showed that ALS significantly outperforms other collectors in collecting lepidolite compared to feldspar and quartz.At pH 7,lepidolite recovery reached 95%,while flotation recoveries for both feldspar and quartz were below 10%.Mixed pure mineral flotation tests revealed that at pH 7 and ALS concentration of 2.5×10^(-4) mol·L^(−1),the Li_(2)O content in the concentrate was 4.21%,with a recovery rate of 95.01%.Separation efficiency and Gaudin selectivity index values were recorded.Solution chemical analyses showed that at pH 7,ALS completely ionizes into NH_(4)^(+)and CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(11)OSO_(3)^(−).Various analytical techniques,including high-speed photography imaging,contact angle measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,zeta potential analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,confirmed that the anion CH_(3)(CH_(2))_(11)OSO_(3)^(−)adsorbs chemically onto aluminum sites on lepidolite's surface,while the cation NH_(4)+binds through electrostatic interactions and hydrogen bonding.The combined adsorption of these ions on lepidolite's surface enhanced its hydrophobicity.In contrast,ALS showed minimal adsorption on feldspar and quartz surfaces,which remained hydrophilic,enabling efficient selective flotation separation of lepidolite from both feldspar and quartz.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074357)the Vanadium Titanium Union Foundation,ChinaChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650188)。
文摘n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.
基金Project(52204363)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2024JJ8042)supported by the Hunan Natural Science Foundation,ChinaProject(22C0220)supported by the Education Department of Hunan Province,China。
文摘The lime-Cu^(2+)-xanthate process is commonly used for the flotation separation of sphalerite from pyrite.In this process,lime is added to the pulp to inhibit the floatability of pyrite.However,the excessive use of lime can result in pipeline blockage and inadequate recovery of associated precious metals.Therefore,it is necessary to develop new flotation process that minimizes or eliminates the use of lime.In this paper,a novel Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-butyl xanthate process was developed as an alternative to lime for separating of sphalerite from pyrite.The flotation results indicated that with the artificially-mixed minerals,the flotation recovery of pyrite was lower than 16%and that of sphalerite was higher than 47%at pH 5.0−10.0.The zeta potential measurements revealed that ferric ion preferred to adsorb on pyrite,and copper ion displaced with zinc ion from the lattice at the interface of sphalerite.The wettability analyses indicated that the hydrophobicity of sphalerite surface increased apparently after being treated with Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-BX,while the hydrophobicity of pyrite surface remained nearly unchanged.With XPS analysis,Cu-S bond and hydrophilic ferric hydroxide were detected separately on the surface of sphalerite and pyrite after conditioning with Fe^(3+)-Cu^(2+)-BX,which facilitated the flotation separation of sphalerite from pyrite with butyl xanthate collector.
基金financially supported by the Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52274263)the Key R&D Plan Projects in Jiangxi Province(No.20214BBG74001)。
文摘The physical and chemical properties of feldspar and quartz are highly similar,thus they cannot be easily separated effectively.In this work,the flotation separation of feldspar from quartz using sodium fluosilicate(Na_(2)SiF_(6);SF)as a selective depressant was investigated.Moreover,the influence mechanism of SF on the selective flotation separation of feldspar and quartz was investigated via flotation tests,chemical analysis of flotation solution,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR),X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)and contact angle analysis.The results of the flotation tests show that feld spar and quartz without SF treatment have good floatability.After SF treatment,feldspar still has good floatability,whereas quartz has significantly reduced floatability.Flotation solution chemical analysis shows that the functional group plays an important role in depressing the quartz is[SiF_(6)]^(2-).FTIR,XPS and contact angle analysis results show that[SiF_(6)]^(2-)is adsorbed only on the surface of quartz.Thus,a thin hydrophilic SiOF layer is generated on the surface,which interferes with the adsorption of the collector on the surface of the quartz.This phenomenon leads to a significant reduction in quartz's floatability.Therefore,SF has a good ability to separate feldspar from quartz by flotation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.51974064,52174239,and 52374259)the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Utiliza-tion of the Ministry of Education,China (No.23kfgk02).
文摘Flotation separation of magnesite and its calcium-containing carbonate minerals is a difficult problem.Recently,new regulat-ors have been proposed for magnesite flotation decalcification,although traditional regulators such as tannin,water glass,sodium carbon-ate,and sodium hexametaphosphate are more widely used in industry.However,they are rarely used as the main regulators in research because they perform poorly in magnesite and dolomite single-mineral flotation tests.Inspired by the limonite presedimentation method and the addition of a regulator to magnesite slurry mixing,we used a tannin pretreatment method for separating magnesite and dolomite.Microflotation experiments confirmed that the tannin pretreatment method selectively and largely reduces the flotation recovery rate of dolomite without affecting the flotation recovery rate of magnesite.Moreover,the contact angles of the tannin-pretreated magnesite and dolomite increased and decreased,respectively,in the presence of NaOl.Zeta potential and Fourier transform infrared analyses showed that the tannin pretreatment method efficiently hinders NaOl adsorption on the dolomite surface but does not affect NaOl adsorption on the magnesite surface.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations confirmed that tannin interacts more strongly with dolomite than with magnesite.
基金the General Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974064,52174239)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2902400)the Outstanding Postdoctoral Program of Jiangsu Province,China(No.2022ZB521).
文摘To achieve efficient flotation separation of brucite and calcite,flotation separation experiments were conducted on two minerals using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector and potassium dihydrogen phosphate(PDP)as the regulator.The action mechanism of DDA and PDP was explored through contact angle measurement,zeta potential detection,solution chemistry calculation,FTIR analysis,and XPS detection.The flotation results showed that when DDA dosage was 35 mg/L and PDP dosage was 40 mg/L,the maximum floating difference between brucite and calcite was 79.81%,and the selectivity separation index was 6.46.The detection analysis showed that the main dissolved component HPO_(4)^(2−)of PDP is selectively strongly adsorbed on the Ca site on the surface of calcite,promoting the adsorption of the main dissolved component RNH_(3)^(+)of DDA on calcite surface,while brucite is basically not affected by PDP.Therefore,PDP is an effective regulator for the reverse flotation separation of brucite and calcite in DDA system.
基金financially supported by the Yunnan Major Scientific and Technological Projects,China (No.202202AG050015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.51464029)。
文摘The flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity can be achieved using selective depressants.In the flotation system of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals,depressants usually preferentially interact with the pyrite surface to render the mineral surface hydrophilic and hinder the adsorption of the collector.This review summarizes the advances in depressants for the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity.These advances include use of inorganic depressants (oxidants and sulfur–oxygen compounds),natural polysaccharides (starch,dextrin,konjac glucomannan,and galactomannan),modified polymers (carboxymethyl cellulose,polyacrylamide,lignosulfonate,and tricarboxylate sodium starch),organic acids (polyglutamic acid,sodium humate,tannic acid,pyrogallic acid,salicylic acid,and lactic acid),sodium dimethyl dithiocarbamate,and diethylenetriamine.The potential application of specific inorganic and organic depressants in the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity is reviewed.The advances in the use of organic depressants with respect to the flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals are comprehensively detailed.Additionally,the depression performances and mechanisms of different types of organic depressants on mineral surfaces are summarized.Finally,several perspectives on depressants vis-à-vis flotation separation of Cu–Fe sulfide minerals at low alkalinity are proposed.
基金financially supported through the research program between OCP Group and UM6P under the specific agreement AS34-flotation project
文摘Recycling waste frying oils for the synthesis of flotation reagents presents a promising avenue for sustainable waste management.Moreover,it offers a cost-effective solution for crafting a specialized collector designed to efficiently remove carbonates and enhance phosphate enrichment in froth flotation processes.This study focuses on the synthesis of an anionic collector using the saponification reaction of a frying oil sample,subsequently applied to the flotation of calcite and dolomite.To elucidate the adsorption mechanisms of the frying oil collector(FrOC)and sodium oleate,a reference collector,on fluorapatite,calcite,dolomite,and quartz surfaces,comprehensive experiments were conducted,including zeta potential measurements and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.Results revealed diverse adsorption affinities of the molecules towards these minerals.To assess the practical performance of the collector,flotation tests were conducted using a natural phosphate ore mixture,employing a BoxBehnken experimental design.Notably,under optimized conditions(pH 9,1000 g/t of FrOC,3.5 min of conditioning,and 6 min of flotation),FrOC exhibited excellent performance,with calcite and dolomite recoveries exceeding 80%,while apatite recovery in the concentrate fraction remained below 10%.This work exemplifies both circular economy practices and the distinctive approach to sustainable mineral processing.
基金support from the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory(No.GJJSGFYQ202334)Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.242300420002)+1 种基金National key research and development program(No.2020YFC1908804)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51804275).Moreover,we also thank Modern Analysis and Gene Sequencing Centre in Zhengzhou University.
文摘A novel small molecule depressant(M-DEP)was used to separate chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.The results showed that M-DEP had an excellent selective depression on molybdenite,while had little effect on the flotation of chalcopyrite.The adsorption capacity of M-DEP on the surface of molybdenite was greater than that on chalcopyrite surface.The adsorption of M-DEP reduced the floatability of molybdenite and had less effect on the floatability of chalcopyrite,which was due to its different adsorption modes on the surface of the two minerals.Furthermore,the interaction between chalcopyrite and M-DEP was mainly chemical interaction,and almost all of the adsorbed M-DEP molecules were removed and replaced by sodium butyl xanthate(SBX).By contrast,hydrophobic interaction was the main way in which M-DEP was adsorbed on the molybdenite surface with little chemical interaction,which was less interfered by SBX addition.Therefore,M-DEP had a super selective depression on molybdenite.The study provided a novel depressant and approach for the deep separation of chalcopyrite and molybdenite via flotation.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.91962223,52104287,U2067201)Hubei Key Laboratory for Efficient Utilization and Agglomeration of Metallurgic Mineral Resources and Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2022-14)。
文摘A novel hydroxamic acid,N-hydroxy-9,10-epoxy group-octadecanamide(N-OH-9,10-O-ODA),was synthesised by modifying the structure of oleic acid.The carboxyl group of oleic acid was converted into an N-hydroxy amide group,and an epoxy group was introduced into its structure.N-OH-9,10-O-ODA was used as a novel collector in the flotation separation of spodumene from one of its associated gangue minerals,specifically albite.N-OH-9,10-O-ODA exhibits remarkable selectivity,with a stronger affinity for collecting spodumene particles compared to albite particles.Zeta potential measurements and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis reveal that the adsorption quantity of N-OH-9,10-O-ODA on spodumene surface is comparable to that on albite surface.First-principles calculations demonstrate the diverse adsorption configurations of N-OH-9,10-O-ODA on surfaces of spodumene and albite,leading to its distinct collecting abilities for spodumene and albite particles.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52004335 and 52204298)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province,China(No.2023JJ20071)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province,China(No.2023RC3067).
文摘As a cornerstone of the national economy,the iron and steel industry generates a significant amount of sintering dust containing both valuable lead resources and deleterious elements.Flotation is a promising technique for lead recovery from sintering dust,but efficient separation from Fe_(2)O_(3) is still challenging.This study investigated the cooperative effect of sodium lauryl sulfate(SLS,C_(12)H_(25)SO_(4)Na)and sodium pyrophosphate(SPP,Na_(4)P_(2)O_(7))on the selective flotation of lead oxide minerals(PbOHCl and PbSO_(4))from hematite(Fe_(2)O_(3)).Optimal flotation conditions were first identified,resulting in high recovery of lead oxide minerals while inhibiting Fe_(2)O_(3) flotation.Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis,adsorption capacity analysis,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)studies offer insights into the adsorption behaviors of the reagents on mineral surfaces,revealing strong adsorption of SLS on PbOHCl and PbSO_(4) surfaces and remarkable adsorption of SPP on Fe_(2)O_(3).The proposed model of reagent adsorption on mineral surfaces illustrates the selective adsorption behavior,highlighting the pivotal role of reagent adsorption in the separation process.These findings contribute to the efficient and environmentally friendly utilization of iron ore sintering dust for lead recovery,paving the way for sustainable resource management in the iron and steel industry.
文摘The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.
基金Project(51374249)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(2016zzts103)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities of China+1 种基金Project(2015BAB12B02)supported by the National Science-Technology Support Plan,ChinaProject(2013B090800016)supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Plan,China
文摘A copper-molybdenum iso-flotability flotation process has been developed to efficiently improve the recovery ofmolybdenite from Duobaoshan porphyry Cu-Mo ores.The effects of flotation approach,type of collector,feed particle sizedistribution,rougher pH value and reagent dosage on the recovery of molybdenite were evaluated systematically.The results suggestthat compared with kerosene and diesel oil,transformer oil has stronger dispersion capability in water media and better flotationselectivity for molybdenite,providing a higher molybdenum recovery under low reagent dosage.Moreover,compared with bulkflotation approach,the iso-flotability flotation approach using transformer oil as a collector can obtain superior Mo recovery(90.77%)and grade(0.80%)in the cleaner concentrate,and increase the Mo recovery and grade by over18%and5%in the final Moconcentrate,respectively.The results of commercial flotation further indicate that the iso-flotability flotation approach is a rationaland effective route to beneficiate the porphyry Cu-Mo ores.
基金financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51974364,51904339)Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral,China(No.2018TP1002)。
文摘Environmentally friendly flotation reagent,polyaspartic acid(PAPA),was tested as a potential selective depressant in the flotation separation of chalcopyrite and Cu-activated sphalerite.The depression mechanism of PAPA was revealed by contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR)analysis and inductively coupled plasma(ICP)measurement.The micro-flotation tests with single minerals showed that PAPA selectively depressed Cu-activated sphalerite,while chalcopyrite remained floatable.Moreover,a concentrate containing 31.40%Cu with a recovery of 92.43%was obtained in flotation tests of artificially mixed minerals.Results of contact angle measurements,Zeta potential measurements and FT-IR spectrum revealed that PAPA exerted a much stronger adsorption on Cu-activated sphalerite surface than on chalcopyrite surface,preventing the further adsorption of sodium diethyl dithiocarbamate(DDTC)on its surface.ICP measurements indicated that PAPA had an excellent complexing ability with Cu^(2+)in flotation pulp,weakening the activation of Cu species on sphalerite surface and producing selective depression.
基金financial support from the Youth Science Foundation of China(No.52004333)。
文摘Polyaspartic acid(PASP)was used as a novel environmental-friendly depressant,and its inhibition effect on flotation performance of scheelite and calcite using sodium oleate(NaOL)as a collector was investigated by ways of flotation experiments,zeta potential measurement,contact angle measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis(IR).The results show that PASP exhibits stronger inhibition capability and selectivity than acidified water glass,and the flotation separation of scheelite from calcite can be realized in the presence of 6 mg/L PASP and 20 mg/L NaOL at pH>6.In the presence of PASP,the zeta potential of calcite surface almost keeps unchanged after adding NaOL,and the contact angle decreases sharply.Therefore,it is indicated that PASP significantly decreases the adsorption of NaOL on calcite surface.By contrast,it has no distinct effect on the adsorption of NaOL on the scheelite surface,which is further confirmed by IR results.
基金supported by the Youth Science Foundation of China(No.52004333)the Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficiency Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources(No.2018TP1002).
文摘The flotation separation of magnesite from calcium-containing minerals has always been a difficult subject in minerals processing.This work studied the inhibition effects of carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC),sodium lignosulphonate,polyaspartic acid(PASP)and sodium silicate on flotation behaviors of magnesite,dolomite and calcite,providing guidance for the development of reagents in magnesite flotation.The micro-flotation results showed that among these four depressants,sodium silicate presented the strongest selectivity due to the highest recovery difference,and the flotation separation of magnesite from dolomite and calcite could be achieved by using sodium silicate as the depressant.Contact angle measurement indicated that the addition of sodium silicate caused the largest differences in surface wettability of the three minerals,which was in line with micro-flotation tests.Furthermore,zeta potential test,the Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR)spectroscopy and atomic force microscope(AFM)imaging were used to reveal the inhibition mechanism of sodium silicate.The results indicated that the dominated component SiO(OH)3of sodium silicate could adsorb on minerals surfaces,and the adsorption of sodium silicate hardly affected the adsorption of NaOL on magnesite surface,but caused the reduction of NaOL adsorption on dolomite and calcite surfaces,thereby increasing the flotation selectivity.
基金The authors are grateful for the financial supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51664020)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province,China(No.20202ACBL214010)+1 种基金Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing,China(No.BGRIMM-KJSKL-2020-12)Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Clean and Efficient Utilization of Strategic Calcium-containing Mineral Resources,China(No.2018TP1002).
文摘Tragacanth gum(TG)was explored as a depressant to realize the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc.The flotation experiments indicated that when using potassium butyl xanthate(PBX)as a collector,molybdenite showed excellent floatability while talc was completely depressed by TG,thus realizing the flotation separation of the two minerals.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)analysis results showed that TG was adsorbed on molybdenite surface via chemisorption.The results of contact angle measurement,Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)spectroscopy,and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry(ToF-SIMS)indicated that the pre-adsorption of TG on molybdenite could not hinder the further chemisorption of PBX on molybdenite.Because PBX has no collecting ability on talc,the flotation separation of molybdenite and talc came true using PBX to collect molybdenite and TG to depress talc.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51774041)。
文摘Carboxymethyl cellulose(CMC)was introduced as a depressant in reverse flotation separation of quartz from magnesite.The flotation behavior and surface properties of magnesite and quartz exposed to CMC were studied by zeta potential tests,atomic force microscopy imaging and contact angle measurements.The addition of CMC as the depressant in reverse flotation using dodecylamine(DDA)as the collector exhibited a selectively depressive performance towards magnesite and achieved an improved recovery of magnesite.The study of surface properties demonstrated that CMC and DDA exhibited different adsorption strengths on the surface of magnesite and quartz.It was found that the adsorption of CMC on magnesite surface was stronger than that of DDA,which hindered the subsequent adsorption of DDA on magnesite surface.On the contrary,the quartz surface was strongly adsorbed by DDA instead of CMC,which proved that the addition of CMC did not influence the flotation of quartz.
