Teesta river flood plain is one of the most significant landscapes in Bangladesh. The main theme of this research was to assess the present biogeomorphological state (biomass, herbaceous vegetation species, density of...Teesta river flood plain is one of the most significant landscapes in Bangladesh. The main theme of this research was to assess the present biogeomorphological state (biomass, herbaceous vegetation species, density of all vegetation species, flood plain extension mapping) of Teesta river flood plain under Gangachara upazila. The research work was conducted based on the objectives to prepare a map of Teesta river flood plain extension area, to estimate herbaceous vegetation (biomass, species types), and to find out the vegetation density to assess the present biogeomorphological state of study area. To present the flood plain area of Teesta river in the Gangachara upazila, base map has been used;herbaceous vegetation samples have been collected through quadrat method to estimate biomass (both in dry and before dry condition) using digital weight machine;vegetation density has been shown through NDVI of satellite image (Landsat-8) using red and NIR band in ArcGIS 10.1 software. From the results of this research, river flood plain area is found 68.5 sq. km;total 31 types of herbaceous species have been identified where Pouzolzia indica is the most dominated species covering 11.59% of the total area;maximum DNs value of NDVI is found +0.475242 which represents the highest vegetation density covering an area of 78 sq. km of the total area. The research may assist for the further study of river flood plain biogeomorphology throughout the country as well as in the world.展开更多
Present study raises a serious issue of wetland loss and transformation due to damming and water di-version.At present study,it is noticed that overall rainfall trend(-0.006)of the study period(1978-2015)remains uncha...Present study raises a serious issue of wetland loss and transformation due to damming and water di-version.At present study,it is noticed that overall rainfall trend(-0.006)of the study period(1978-2015)remains unchanged but riparian wetland area is attenuated after damming both pre monsoon(March to May)and post monsoon season(October to December).Total wetland area in pre-and post-monsoon seasons is respectively reduced from 42.2 km^(2) to 27.87 km^(2),and from 277.85 km^(2) to 220.90 km^(2) in post dam period.Transformation of frequently inundated wetland area into sparsely inundated wetland is mainly triggered by flow modification due to installation of Komardanga dam and Barrage over Punarbhaba and its major tributary Tangon river.Sparsely inundated seasonal wetland area is rapidly reclaimed for agricultural practice.This extreme issue will invite instability in socio-ecological setup of the neighbouring region.展开更多
Record-breaking floods occurred in the autumn of 1998 and the spring of 2001 in the lowlands of Transcarpathia,as well as in the areas of Hungary and Romania bordering Ukraine,which caused severe damage.Our research w...Record-breaking floods occurred in the autumn of 1998 and the spring of 2001 in the lowlands of Transcarpathia,as well as in the areas of Hungary and Romania bordering Ukraine,which caused severe damage.Our research was to determine the frequency of floods.The fluctuation of precipitation values brings about the increased frequency of the rivers’inundation as well.The research is based on the data of the Tisza River’s inundation onto the flood plain near Vylok,as well as the precipitation data of the Rakhiv meteorological station.Both data series include the data of the latest 46 years(1970-2015),highlighting the pre-flood period of 1970-2001.To evaluate the data,we used linear trend analysis,which was edited using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program.The results of the study showed that no particular changes in precipitation were observed,but the frequency of flood waves and the coverage of the floodplain with water showed a gradually increasing trend.The results of studying the amount of precipitation and the Tisza River’s inundation:in recent decades the frequency of flood wave formation and the coverage of the flood plain with water show a gradually increasing tendency.展开更多
Flood is a recurrent natural disaster that has caused enormous human and material damage in many places and continues to hit local committees at an alarming rate. The need to setup permanent committees to prevent and ...Flood is a recurrent natural disaster that has caused enormous human and material damage in many places and continues to hit local committees at an alarming rate. The need to setup permanent committees to prevent and manage flood disasters by local communities is therefore indispensable. In rural areas, the creation of such a structure is always a welcome relief to flood victims but it is often marred by numerous management problems. This study aimed to analyze the community-based approach in the prevention and management of flood disasters in Babessi Subdivision (North West Cameroon), to identify the causes of flood disasters and the preventive strategies used by this local community. A total number of 300 questionnaires as well as structured interviews were used to collect data in the field and the data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. The main results revealed that the main cause of flood disasters is heavy and consistent rainfall. Also, poor refuse disposal and drainage system management contribute to floods. The identification of areas likely to be affected by floods and preventing the riparian population from constructing houses along these areas especially beside the main rivers are the flood preventive measures adopted by the local flood management committee. The flood victims are reluctant to relocate to the settlement site earmarked by the Government, meanwhile, the local flood committee do not have the legal tools to forcefully relocate them. The population of Babessi needs to be sensitized on the impending dangers of flood hazard and be encouraged to participate in implementing the adopted strategies to prevent and manage subsequent flood disasters.展开更多
Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood...Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.展开更多
The Late Quaternary thick sedimentary fills of the Ganga basin predominantly consist of unconsolidated fluvial sandy deposits which are often intercalated with mud. These deposits at various places record the evidence...The Late Quaternary thick sedimentary fills of the Ganga basin predominantly consist of unconsolidated fluvial sandy deposits which are often intercalated with mud. These deposits at various places record the evidence of earthquakes, which occurred in the recent geological past. The evidence is contained and manifested in the form of Soft Sediment Deformation Structures (SSDSs). Saturated sediments/muds/soils are liquefied by earthquake tremors which either generate SSDS or produce structural discordance in the pre-existing sedimentary structures. The present study reports the occurrence of SSDS, e.g. load and associated flame structures, clastic dikes and sill structures, slump structures and sedimentary breccias, etc. from the Ganga River and adjacent oxbow lake sediment deposits. An attempt has been made to establish the origin of soft sediment structures of this region in accordance with its neotectonic history and in turn, identification of seismic structural proxies to delineate paleoseismic events in this region with futuristic implications. The preservation of soft sediment deformation structures in large numbers with multiple geomorphology and scale, in the river and adjoining lake sediments, is indicative of frequent earthquakes of high magnitude consequent to tectonic activism in the Himalayan region.展开更多
【目的】成都平原是中华文明的重要发源地之一,深入重建该地区中—晚全新世环境演变历史,对理解长江上游史前文明发展的环境背景及探讨全球气候变化与人类社会可持续发展的关系具有重要意义。目前学界对成都平原中—晚全新世气候演变特...【目的】成都平原是中华文明的重要发源地之一,深入重建该地区中—晚全新世环境演变历史,对理解长江上游史前文明发展的环境背景及探讨全球气候变化与人类社会可持续发展的关系具有重要意义。目前学界对成都平原中—晚全新世气候演变特征及其是否响应“4.2 ka”气候突变事件仍存在争议。【方法】基于RS-1岩心的AMS 14C测年构建年代框架,采用粒度端元模型分析,结合磁化率和色度指标,重建成都平原中—晚全新世的沉积环境演变过程。【结果】粒度数据分解出5个端元组分,分别反映不同水动力条件下的沉积特征,其中EM1代表弱水动力条件下由河流远源悬浮物形成的稳定沉积;EM2和EM3反映较强水动力条件下沉积的组分,EM3对应更强的搬运动力;EM4和EM5则代表洪水期间的粗颗粒跃移沉积组分。【结论】成都平原中—晚全新世的环境演变可划分为四个阶段:4.7~4.4 cal ka B.P.期间气候湿润,干湿波动显著;4.4~4.2 cal ka B.P.气候出现轻微冷干化趋势;4.2~3.7 cal ka B.P.为气候极端不稳定期,洪水事件频发;3.7 cal ka B.P.以后气候逐渐干旱,这种“干—湿—干”的气候变化模式反映了该区域对“4.2 ka事件”的显著响应,区域水文气候的响应大约始于4.4 cal ka B.P.,并持续至约3.7 cal ka B.P.。展开更多
文摘Teesta river flood plain is one of the most significant landscapes in Bangladesh. The main theme of this research was to assess the present biogeomorphological state (biomass, herbaceous vegetation species, density of all vegetation species, flood plain extension mapping) of Teesta river flood plain under Gangachara upazila. The research work was conducted based on the objectives to prepare a map of Teesta river flood plain extension area, to estimate herbaceous vegetation (biomass, species types), and to find out the vegetation density to assess the present biogeomorphological state of study area. To present the flood plain area of Teesta river in the Gangachara upazila, base map has been used;herbaceous vegetation samples have been collected through quadrat method to estimate biomass (both in dry and before dry condition) using digital weight machine;vegetation density has been shown through NDVI of satellite image (Landsat-8) using red and NIR band in ArcGIS 10.1 software. From the results of this research, river flood plain area is found 68.5 sq. km;total 31 types of herbaceous species have been identified where Pouzolzia indica is the most dominated species covering 11.59% of the total area;maximum DNs value of NDVI is found +0.475242 which represents the highest vegetation density covering an area of 78 sq. km of the total area. The research may assist for the further study of river flood plain biogeomorphology throughout the country as well as in the world.
文摘Present study raises a serious issue of wetland loss and transformation due to damming and water di-version.At present study,it is noticed that overall rainfall trend(-0.006)of the study period(1978-2015)remains unchanged but riparian wetland area is attenuated after damming both pre monsoon(March to May)and post monsoon season(October to December).Total wetland area in pre-and post-monsoon seasons is respectively reduced from 42.2 km^(2) to 27.87 km^(2),and from 277.85 km^(2) to 220.90 km^(2) in post dam period.Transformation of frequently inundated wetland area into sparsely inundated wetland is mainly triggered by flow modification due to installation of Komardanga dam and Barrage over Punarbhaba and its major tributary Tangon river.Sparsely inundated seasonal wetland area is rapidly reclaimed for agricultural practice.This extreme issue will invite instability in socio-ecological setup of the neighbouring region.
文摘Record-breaking floods occurred in the autumn of 1998 and the spring of 2001 in the lowlands of Transcarpathia,as well as in the areas of Hungary and Romania bordering Ukraine,which caused severe damage.Our research was to determine the frequency of floods.The fluctuation of precipitation values brings about the increased frequency of the rivers’inundation as well.The research is based on the data of the Tisza River’s inundation onto the flood plain near Vylok,as well as the precipitation data of the Rakhiv meteorological station.Both data series include the data of the latest 46 years(1970-2015),highlighting the pre-flood period of 1970-2001.To evaluate the data,we used linear trend analysis,which was edited using the Microsoft Excel spreadsheet program.The results of the study showed that no particular changes in precipitation were observed,but the frequency of flood waves and the coverage of the floodplain with water showed a gradually increasing trend.The results of studying the amount of precipitation and the Tisza River’s inundation:in recent decades the frequency of flood wave formation and the coverage of the flood plain with water show a gradually increasing tendency.
文摘Flood is a recurrent natural disaster that has caused enormous human and material damage in many places and continues to hit local committees at an alarming rate. The need to setup permanent committees to prevent and manage flood disasters by local communities is therefore indispensable. In rural areas, the creation of such a structure is always a welcome relief to flood victims but it is often marred by numerous management problems. This study aimed to analyze the community-based approach in the prevention and management of flood disasters in Babessi Subdivision (North West Cameroon), to identify the causes of flood disasters and the preventive strategies used by this local community. A total number of 300 questionnaires as well as structured interviews were used to collect data in the field and the data were analyzed by simple descriptive statistics. The main results revealed that the main cause of flood disasters is heavy and consistent rainfall. Also, poor refuse disposal and drainage system management contribute to floods. The identification of areas likely to be affected by floods and preventing the riparian population from constructing houses along these areas especially beside the main rivers are the flood preventive measures adopted by the local flood management committee. The flood victims are reluctant to relocate to the settlement site earmarked by the Government, meanwhile, the local flood committee do not have the legal tools to forcefully relocate them. The population of Babessi needs to be sensitized on the impending dangers of flood hazard and be encouraged to participate in implementing the adopted strategies to prevent and manage subsequent flood disasters.
基金Supported by the Major Consulting Project of the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2012-ZD-13)Science and Technology Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province,China(2014k13-09)
文摘Based on the latest results and data of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain, current situation and evolution of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain were analyzed. The results show that in Fen-wei Plain drought and flood are natural disasters bringing about the most serious damage, and drought risk in east central Weihe Plain is serious. In Fen-wei Plain, precipitation tended to decrease, and temperature, drought days and intensity increased over the past 50 years. There were obvious differences between two decades in drought and flood. Drought was the severest in the 1990s, and flood was the most serious in Fenhe Plain in the 1960s and in Weihe Plain from the late 1970s to the early 1980s. Over the past ten years, precipitation and flood frequency increased, and temperature, drought days and intensity decreased. In Fen-wei Plain, temperature will rise and precipitation will increase slightly in next 20 -40 years. Monitoring and early warning capability of drought and flood in Fen-wei Plain have im- proved gradually, but some issues need to be paid more attention to and solved.
文摘The Late Quaternary thick sedimentary fills of the Ganga basin predominantly consist of unconsolidated fluvial sandy deposits which are often intercalated with mud. These deposits at various places record the evidence of earthquakes, which occurred in the recent geological past. The evidence is contained and manifested in the form of Soft Sediment Deformation Structures (SSDSs). Saturated sediments/muds/soils are liquefied by earthquake tremors which either generate SSDS or produce structural discordance in the pre-existing sedimentary structures. The present study reports the occurrence of SSDS, e.g. load and associated flame structures, clastic dikes and sill structures, slump structures and sedimentary breccias, etc. from the Ganga River and adjacent oxbow lake sediment deposits. An attempt has been made to establish the origin of soft sediment structures of this region in accordance with its neotectonic history and in turn, identification of seismic structural proxies to delineate paleoseismic events in this region with futuristic implications. The preservation of soft sediment deformation structures in large numbers with multiple geomorphology and scale, in the river and adjoining lake sediments, is indicative of frequent earthquakes of high magnitude consequent to tectonic activism in the Himalayan region.
文摘【目的】成都平原是中华文明的重要发源地之一,深入重建该地区中—晚全新世环境演变历史,对理解长江上游史前文明发展的环境背景及探讨全球气候变化与人类社会可持续发展的关系具有重要意义。目前学界对成都平原中—晚全新世气候演变特征及其是否响应“4.2 ka”气候突变事件仍存在争议。【方法】基于RS-1岩心的AMS 14C测年构建年代框架,采用粒度端元模型分析,结合磁化率和色度指标,重建成都平原中—晚全新世的沉积环境演变过程。【结果】粒度数据分解出5个端元组分,分别反映不同水动力条件下的沉积特征,其中EM1代表弱水动力条件下由河流远源悬浮物形成的稳定沉积;EM2和EM3反映较强水动力条件下沉积的组分,EM3对应更强的搬运动力;EM4和EM5则代表洪水期间的粗颗粒跃移沉积组分。【结论】成都平原中—晚全新世的环境演变可划分为四个阶段:4.7~4.4 cal ka B.P.期间气候湿润,干湿波动显著;4.4~4.2 cal ka B.P.气候出现轻微冷干化趋势;4.2~3.7 cal ka B.P.为气候极端不稳定期,洪水事件频发;3.7 cal ka B.P.以后气候逐渐干旱,这种“干—湿—干”的气候变化模式反映了该区域对“4.2 ka事件”的显著响应,区域水文气候的响应大约始于4.4 cal ka B.P.,并持续至约3.7 cal ka B.P.。
