As the power system transitions to a new green and low-carbon paradigm,the penetration of renewable energy in China’s power system is gradually increasing.However,the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy o...As the power system transitions to a new green and low-carbon paradigm,the penetration of renewable energy in China’s power system is gradually increasing.However,the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy output limit its profitability in the electricity market and hinder its market-based integration.This paper first constructs a wind-solar-thermalmulti-energy complementary system,analyzes its external game relationships,and develops a bi-level market optimization model.Then,it considers the contribution levels of internal participants to establish a comprehensive internal distribution evaluation index system.Finally,simulation studies using the IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate that the multi-energy complementary system stabilizes nodal outputs,enhances the profitability of market participants,and promotes the market-based integration of renewable energy.展开更多
The multi-energy complementary distributed energy system (MCDES) covers a variety of energy forms, involves complex operation modes, and contains a wealth of control equipment and coupling links. It can realize the co...The multi-energy complementary distributed energy system (MCDES) covers a variety of energy forms, involves complex operation modes, and contains a wealth of control equipment and coupling links. It can realize the complementary and efficient use of different types of energy, which is the basic component of the physical layer of the Energy Internet. In this paper, aiming at the demand of the energy application for towns, a distributed energy system based on multi-energy complementary is constructed. Firstly, the supply condition of the distributed energy for the demonstration project is analyzed, and the architecture of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system is established. Then the regulation strategy of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system is proposed. Finally, an overall system scheme for the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system suitable for towns is developed, which provides a solid foundation for the development and promotion of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system.展开更多
Under the current long-term electricity market mechanism,new energy and thermal power face issues such as deviation assessment and compression of generation space.The profitability of market players is limited.Simulta...Under the current long-term electricity market mechanism,new energy and thermal power face issues such as deviation assessment and compression of generation space.The profitability of market players is limited.Simultaneously,the cooperation model among various energy sources will have a direct impact on the alliance’s revenue and the equity of income distribution within the alliance.Therefore,integrating new energy with thermal power units into an integrated multi-energy complementary system to participate in the long-term electricity market holds significant potential.To simulate and evaluate the benefits and internal distribution methods of a multi-energy complementary system participating in long-term market transactions,this paper first constructs a multi-energy complementary system integrated with new energy and thermal power generation units at the same connection point,and participates in the annual bilateral game as a unified market entity to obtain the revenue value under the annual bilateral market.Secondly,based on the entropy weight method,improvements are made to the traditional Shapley value distribution model,and an internal distribution model for multi-energy complementary systems with multiple participants is constructed.Finally,a Markov Decision Process(MDP)evaluation system is constructed for practical case verification.The research results show that the improved Shapley value distribution model achieves higher satisfaction,providing a reasonable allocation scheme for multi-energy complementary cooperation models.展开更多
基于GF 8HP 0.12μm Bi CMOS工艺设计并实现了一款应用于相控阵系统的具有低幅度均方根（RMS）误差的单片集成5～40 GHz 5 bit数控衰减器。该衰减器采用桥T和单刀双掷（SPDT）开关结构,其中的NMOS开关管通过采用体端悬浮技术,改善了衰...基于GF 8HP 0.12μm Bi CMOS工艺设计并实现了一款应用于相控阵系统的具有低幅度均方根（RMS）误差的单片集成5～40 GHz 5 bit数控衰减器。该衰减器采用桥T和单刀双掷（SPDT）开关结构,其中的NMOS开关管通过采用体端悬浮技术,改善了衰减器在全部衰减态下插损的平坦度,降低了衰减器的插损,提高了衰减器的线性度。测试结果显示,在5～40 GHz频段内,该5 bit数控衰减器的插损最小值为5.7 d B,最大值为14.2 d B,幅度均方根误差小于0.39 d B,相移均方根误差小于5.7°,1 d B压缩点输入功率大于＋11 d Bm,芯片核心面积为0.86 mm×0.39 mm。展开更多
In the diagnosis of severe contagious diseases such as Ebola,severe acute respiratory syndrome,and COVID-19,there is an urgent need for protein sensors with large refractive index sensitivities.Current terahertz metam...In the diagnosis of severe contagious diseases such as Ebola,severe acute respiratory syndrome,and COVID-19,there is an urgent need for protein sensors with large refractive index sensitivities.Current terahertz metamaterials cannot be used to develop such protein sensors due to their low refractive index sensitivities.A simple method is proposed that is compatible with all geometrical structures of terahertz metamaterials to increase their refractive index sensitivities.This method uses patterned photoresist to float the split-ring resonators(SRRs)of a terahertz metamaterial at a height of 30μm from its substrate that is deposited with complementary SRRs.The floating terahertz metamaterial has an extremely large refractive index sensitivity of 532 GHz/RIU because its near field is not distributed over the substrate and also because the complementary SRRs confine the field above the substrate.The floating terahertz metamaterial senses bovine serum albumin(BSA)and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA,and anti-BSA solutions with low concentrations that are smaller than 0.150μmol/L are sequentially dropped onto it.The floating terahertz metamaterial is a great achievement to develop protein sensors with extremely large refractive index sensitivities,and has the potential to sense dangerous viruses.展开更多
With the rapid growth of photovoltaic integration,the volatility and uncertainty of intermittent photovoltaic injection will dramatically reduce system operation reliability from the generation side.The system operato...With the rapid growth of photovoltaic integration,the volatility and uncertainty of intermittent photovoltaic injection will dramatically reduce system operation reliability from the generation side.The system operator may face certain financial risks brought by unexpected power failure under low operation reliability.Therefore,maintaining sufficient power reserve to meet system operation reliability and reduce risk,especially in an isolated system,is essential.However,the traditional reserve preparation strategy fails to consider the uncertainties of the power generation under the high penetration levels of emerging renewable energy resources.A novel reserve preparation strategy for an isolated system is developed in this paper using a twostage model.In the first stage,the optimal hourly scheduling of an isolated system is determined.In the second stage,a minute level conditional value-at-risk(CVaR)based model is established where the uncertainty of the reserve requirement is introduced with the chance constraint.The proposed discretized step transformation(DST)and subtraction type convolution(STC)methods are utilized to convert the model into mixedinteger linear programming,and finally solved by applying the CPLEX solver.The IEEE 39-bus system is used as the test case to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed two-stage model.展开更多
The multi-energy complementary ecosystem is an important form of the modern energy system.However,standardized evaluation criteria and the corresponding method framework have not yet been formed,resulting in unclear s...The multi-energy complementary ecosystem is an important form of the modern energy system.However,standardized evaluation criteria and the corresponding method framework have not yet been formed,resulting in unclear standards and irregular processes of its construction.To cope with this issue,a novel comprehensive evaluation framework for multi-energy complementary ecosystems is proposed in this study.First,a 5D comprehensive evaluation criteria system,including environment,economy,technology,safety and systematicness,is constructed.Then,a novel multicriteria decision-making model integrating an analytic network process,entropy and preference-ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation under an intuitional fuzzy environment is proposed.Finally,four practical cases are used for model testing and empirical analysis.The results of the research show that the unit cost of the energy supply and the internal rate of return indexes have the highest weights of 0.142 and 0.010,respectively.It means that they are the focus in the construction of a multi-energy complementary ecosystem.The net flows of four cases are 0.015,0.123,-0.132 and-0.005,indicating that cases with a variety of energy supply forms and using intelligent management and control platforms to achieve cold,heat and electrical coupling have more advantages.展开更多
The application of multi-energy hybrid power systems is conducive to tackling global warming and the low-carbon transition of the power system.A capacity allocation model of a multi-energy hybrid power system includin...The application of multi-energy hybrid power systems is conducive to tackling global warming and the low-carbon transition of the power system.A capacity allocation model of a multi-energy hybrid power system including wind power,solar power,energy storage,and thermal power was developed in this study.The evaluation index was defined as the objective function,formulated by normalizing the output fluctuation,economic cost,and carbon dioxide emissions.Calculations under different initial conditions and output electric power scenarios were carried out with genetic algorithm.The capacity allocation model was validated with the literature results,with errors of less than 5%.Results indicate that the capacity allocation modes of the multi-energy hybrid power system can be divided into thermal power dominated mode,multi-energy complementary mode,and renewable power dominated mode.In addition,the division of capacity allocation modes is not affected by the weather conditions and energy storage ratio.The capacity factor decreases from 0.4 to 0.24 as the power system changes from the thermal power dominated mode to the renewable power dominated mode.When the output electric power is 240 MW,300 MW,and 340 MW,the optimal energy storage ratio is 10%,18%,and 16%,respectively.The model developed in this study not only enriches the theory of multi-energy complementary power generation but also guides the engineering design of the wind-photovoltaics-thermal-storage system targeting smart grid and be beneficial for the middle-long-term planning of the green and low-carbon transition of the power system.展开更多
The depletion of fossil energy and the deterioration of the ecological environment have severely restricted the development of the power industry.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to transform energy production methods...The depletion of fossil energy and the deterioration of the ecological environment have severely restricted the development of the power industry.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to transform energy production methods and vigorously develop renewable energy sources.It is therefore important to ensure the stability and operation of a large multi-energy complementary system,and provide theoretical support for the world’s largest single complementary demonstration project with hydro-wind-PV power-battery storage in Qinghai Province.Considering all the multiple power supply constraints,an optimization scheduling model is established with the objective of minimizing the volatility of output power.As particle swarm optimization(PSO)has a problem of premature convergence and slow convergence in the latter half,combined with niche technology in evolution,a niche particle swarm optimization(NPSO)is proposed to determine the optimal solution of the model.Finally,the multiple stations’coordinated operation is analyzed taking the example of 10 million kilowatt complementary power stations with hydropower,wind power,PV power,and battery storage in the Yellow River Company Hainan prefecture.The case verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.It shows that complementary operations can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce the impact of wind and PV power’s volatility on the power grid.展开更多
基金funded by the National Key R&D Program of China,grant number 2019YFB1505400.
文摘As the power system transitions to a new green and low-carbon paradigm,the penetration of renewable energy in China’s power system is gradually increasing.However,the variability and uncertainty of renewable energy output limit its profitability in the electricity market and hinder its market-based integration.This paper first constructs a wind-solar-thermalmulti-energy complementary system,analyzes its external game relationships,and develops a bi-level market optimization model.Then,it considers the contribution levels of internal participants to establish a comprehensive internal distribution evaluation index system.Finally,simulation studies using the IEEE 30-bus system demonstrate that the multi-energy complementary system stabilizes nodal outputs,enhances the profitability of market participants,and promotes the market-based integration of renewable energy.
文摘The multi-energy complementary distributed energy system (MCDES) covers a variety of energy forms, involves complex operation modes, and contains a wealth of control equipment and coupling links. It can realize the complementary and efficient use of different types of energy, which is the basic component of the physical layer of the Energy Internet. In this paper, aiming at the demand of the energy application for towns, a distributed energy system based on multi-energy complementary is constructed. Firstly, the supply condition of the distributed energy for the demonstration project is analyzed, and the architecture of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system is established. Then the regulation strategy of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system is proposed. Finally, an overall system scheme for the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system suitable for towns is developed, which provides a solid foundation for the development and promotion of the multi-energy complementary distributed energy system.
文摘Under the current long-term electricity market mechanism,new energy and thermal power face issues such as deviation assessment and compression of generation space.The profitability of market players is limited.Simultaneously,the cooperation model among various energy sources will have a direct impact on the alliance’s revenue and the equity of income distribution within the alliance.Therefore,integrating new energy with thermal power units into an integrated multi-energy complementary system to participate in the long-term electricity market holds significant potential.To simulate and evaluate the benefits and internal distribution methods of a multi-energy complementary system participating in long-term market transactions,this paper first constructs a multi-energy complementary system integrated with new energy and thermal power generation units at the same connection point,and participates in the annual bilateral game as a unified market entity to obtain the revenue value under the annual bilateral market.Secondly,based on the entropy weight method,improvements are made to the traditional Shapley value distribution model,and an internal distribution model for multi-energy complementary systems with multiple participants is constructed.Finally,a Markov Decision Process(MDP)evaluation system is constructed for practical case verification.The research results show that the improved Shapley value distribution model achieves higher satisfaction,providing a reasonable allocation scheme for multi-energy complementary cooperation models.
文摘基于GF 8HP 0.12μm Bi CMOS工艺设计并实现了一款应用于相控阵系统的具有低幅度均方根（RMS）误差的单片集成5～40 GHz 5 bit数控衰减器。该衰减器采用桥T和单刀双掷（SPDT）开关结构,其中的NMOS开关管通过采用体端悬浮技术,改善了衰减器在全部衰减态下插损的平坦度,降低了衰减器的插损,提高了衰减器的线性度。测试结果显示,在5～40 GHz频段内,该5 bit数控衰减器的插损最小值为5.7 d B,最大值为14.2 d B,幅度均方根误差小于0.39 d B,相移均方根误差小于5.7°,1 d B压缩点输入功率大于＋11 d Bm,芯片核心面积为0.86 mm×0.39 mm。
基金Ministry of Science and Technology,Taiwan,China(MOST 110-2112-M-029-005).
文摘In the diagnosis of severe contagious diseases such as Ebola,severe acute respiratory syndrome,and COVID-19,there is an urgent need for protein sensors with large refractive index sensitivities.Current terahertz metamaterials cannot be used to develop such protein sensors due to their low refractive index sensitivities.A simple method is proposed that is compatible with all geometrical structures of terahertz metamaterials to increase their refractive index sensitivities.This method uses patterned photoresist to float the split-ring resonators(SRRs)of a terahertz metamaterial at a height of 30μm from its substrate that is deposited with complementary SRRs.The floating terahertz metamaterial has an extremely large refractive index sensitivity of 532 GHz/RIU because its near field is not distributed over the substrate and also because the complementary SRRs confine the field above the substrate.The floating terahertz metamaterial senses bovine serum albumin(BSA)and the protein binding of BSA and anti-BSA as BSA,and anti-BSA solutions with low concentrations that are smaller than 0.150μmol/L are sequentially dropped onto it.The floating terahertz metamaterial is a great achievement to develop protein sensors with extremely large refractive index sensitivities,and has the potential to sense dangerous viruses.
文摘With the rapid growth of photovoltaic integration,the volatility and uncertainty of intermittent photovoltaic injection will dramatically reduce system operation reliability from the generation side.The system operator may face certain financial risks brought by unexpected power failure under low operation reliability.Therefore,maintaining sufficient power reserve to meet system operation reliability and reduce risk,especially in an isolated system,is essential.However,the traditional reserve preparation strategy fails to consider the uncertainties of the power generation under the high penetration levels of emerging renewable energy resources.A novel reserve preparation strategy for an isolated system is developed in this paper using a twostage model.In the first stage,the optimal hourly scheduling of an isolated system is determined.In the second stage,a minute level conditional value-at-risk(CVaR)based model is established where the uncertainty of the reserve requirement is introduced with the chance constraint.The proposed discretized step transformation(DST)and subtraction type convolution(STC)methods are utilized to convert the model into mixedinteger linear programming,and finally solved by applying the CPLEX solver.The IEEE 39-bus system is used as the test case to validate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed two-stage model.
基金supported by the second batch of the soft subject research project of China Southern Power Grid Corporation in 2022,‘Exploring the construction path of multi energy complementary ecosystem of industrial parks in Qianhai’(XNXM_20221209003).
文摘The multi-energy complementary ecosystem is an important form of the modern energy system.However,standardized evaluation criteria and the corresponding method framework have not yet been formed,resulting in unclear standards and irregular processes of its construction.To cope with this issue,a novel comprehensive evaluation framework for multi-energy complementary ecosystems is proposed in this study.First,a 5D comprehensive evaluation criteria system,including environment,economy,technology,safety and systematicness,is constructed.Then,a novel multicriteria decision-making model integrating an analytic network process,entropy and preference-ranking organization method for enrichment evaluation under an intuitional fuzzy environment is proposed.Finally,four practical cases are used for model testing and empirical analysis.The results of the research show that the unit cost of the energy supply and the internal rate of return indexes have the highest weights of 0.142 and 0.010,respectively.It means that they are the focus in the construction of a multi-energy complementary ecosystem.The net flows of four cases are 0.015,0.123,-0.132 and-0.005,indicating that cases with a variety of energy supply forms and using intelligent management and control platforms to achieve cold,heat and electrical coupling have more advantages.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No.XDA29010500)。
文摘The application of multi-energy hybrid power systems is conducive to tackling global warming and the low-carbon transition of the power system.A capacity allocation model of a multi-energy hybrid power system including wind power,solar power,energy storage,and thermal power was developed in this study.The evaluation index was defined as the objective function,formulated by normalizing the output fluctuation,economic cost,and carbon dioxide emissions.Calculations under different initial conditions and output electric power scenarios were carried out with genetic algorithm.The capacity allocation model was validated with the literature results,with errors of less than 5%.Results indicate that the capacity allocation modes of the multi-energy hybrid power system can be divided into thermal power dominated mode,multi-energy complementary mode,and renewable power dominated mode.In addition,the division of capacity allocation modes is not affected by the weather conditions and energy storage ratio.The capacity factor decreases from 0.4 to 0.24 as the power system changes from the thermal power dominated mode to the renewable power dominated mode.When the output electric power is 240 MW,300 MW,and 340 MW,the optimal energy storage ratio is 10%,18%,and 16%,respectively.The model developed in this study not only enriches the theory of multi-energy complementary power generation but also guides the engineering design of the wind-photovoltaics-thermal-storage system targeting smart grid and be beneficial for the middle-long-term planning of the green and low-carbon transition of the power system.
文摘The depletion of fossil energy and the deterioration of the ecological environment have severely restricted the development of the power industry.Therefore,it is extremely urgent to transform energy production methods and vigorously develop renewable energy sources.It is therefore important to ensure the stability and operation of a large multi-energy complementary system,and provide theoretical support for the world’s largest single complementary demonstration project with hydro-wind-PV power-battery storage in Qinghai Province.Considering all the multiple power supply constraints,an optimization scheduling model is established with the objective of minimizing the volatility of output power.As particle swarm optimization(PSO)has a problem of premature convergence and slow convergence in the latter half,combined with niche technology in evolution,a niche particle swarm optimization(NPSO)is proposed to determine the optimal solution of the model.Finally,the multiple stations’coordinated operation is analyzed taking the example of 10 million kilowatt complementary power stations with hydropower,wind power,PV power,and battery storage in the Yellow River Company Hainan prefecture.The case verifies the rationality and feasibility of the model.It shows that complementary operations can improve the utilization rate of renewable energy and reduce the impact of wind and PV power’s volatility on the power grid.
