For the accurate description of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft,a wavelet neural network (WNN) aerodynamic modeling method from flight data,based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with i...For the accurate description of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft,a wavelet neural network (WNN) aerodynamic modeling method from flight data,based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with information sharing strategy and velocity disturbance operator,is proposed.In improved PSO algorithm,an information sharing strategy is used to avoid the premature convergence as much as possible;the velocity disturbance operator is adopted to jump out of this position once falling into the premature convergence.Simulations on lateral and longitudinal aerodynamic modeling for ATTAS (advanced technologies testing aircraft system) indicate that the proposed method can achieve the accuracy improvement of an order of magnitude compared with SPSO-WNN,and can converge to a satisfactory precision by only 60 120 iterations in contrast to SPSO-WNN with 6 times precocities in 200 times repetitive experiments using Morlet and Mexican hat wavelet functions.Furthermore,it is proved that the proposed method is feasible and effective for aerodynamic modeling from flight data.展开更多
In the event of an aircraft crash over the ocean,the potential risk of the Flight Data Recorder(FDR)system sinking to the ocean in conjunction with the aircraft debris is substantial,which would significantly complica...In the event of an aircraft crash over the ocean,the potential risk of the Flight Data Recorder(FDR)system sinking to the ocean in conjunction with the aircraft debris is substantial,which would significantly complicate search and rescue operations.To mitigate this challenge,a separable flight data recorder has been developed by our team which called Emergency Flight Data Recorder(EFDR)system.Encapsulated within a cushioning airbag,the recorder is ejected from the aircraft and decelerates to the sea surface via a deceleration parachute,enhancing both the efficiency of search and recovery operations and the feasibility of flight data analysis.This paper presents an experimental study on the ejection velocity of the ejection system in the EFDR framework,focusing on three critical parameters:airbag material,deceleration parachute placement,and flight data recorder weight.The experimental results indicate that encapsulating the device in an airbag reduces ejection velocity,with fabric airbags inducing a smaller velocity decrement compared to rubber counterparts.Additionally,the deployment of a deceleration parachute further decreases ejection velocity,with a more pronounced reduction observed when the parachute is positioned in front of the projectile than when placed at rear.However,this velocity penalty is deemed acceptable due to the enhanced reliability of parachute deployment in the anterior configuration.Within the counterweight weight range of 2–6 kg,ejection velocity exhibits a marginal decrease with increasing weight,suggesting that variable payloads have a negligible influence on ejection performance.These findings provide empirical insights for the subsequent design optimization of the EFDR system.展开更多
Flight data anomaly detection plays an imperative role in the safety and maintenance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).It has attracted extensive attention from researchers.However,the problems related to the difficul...Flight data anomaly detection plays an imperative role in the safety and maintenance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).It has attracted extensive attention from researchers.However,the problems related to the difficulty in obtaining abnormal data,low model accuracy,and high calculation cost have led to severe challenges with respect to its practical applications.Hence,in this study,firstly,several UAV flight data simulation softwares are presented based on a brief presentation of the basic concepts of anomalies,the contents of UAV flight data,and the public datasets for flight data anomaly detection.Then,anomaly detection technologies for UAV flight data are comprehensively reviewed,including knowledge-based,model-based,and data-driven methods.Next,UAV flight data anomaly detection applications are briefly described and analyzed.Finally,the future trends and directions of UAV flight data anomaly detection are summarized and prospected,which aims to provide references for the following research.展开更多
This paper introduces the background, aim, experimental design, configuration and data processing for an airborne test flight of the HY-2 Microwave scatterometer(HSCAT). The aim was to evaluate HSCAT performance and a...This paper introduces the background, aim, experimental design, configuration and data processing for an airborne test flight of the HY-2 Microwave scatterometer(HSCAT). The aim was to evaluate HSCAT performance and a developed data processing algorithm for the HSCAT before launch. There were three test flights of the scatterometer, on January 15, 18 and 22, 2010, over the South China Sea near Lingshui, Hainan. The test flights successfully generated simultaneous airborne scatterometer normalized radar cross section(NRCS), ASCAT wind, and ship-borne-measured wind datasets, which were used to analyze HSCAT performance. Azimuthal dependence of the NRCS relative to the wind direction was nearly cos(2w), with NRCS minima at crosswind directions, and maxima near upwind and downwind. The NRCS also showed a small difference between upwind and downwind directions, with upwind crosssections generally larger than those downwind. The dependence of airborne scatterometer NRCS on wind direction and speed showed favorable consistency with the NASA scatterometer geophysical model function(NSCAT GMF), indicating satisfactory HSCAT performance.展开更多
Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems. Data from the quick access recorder （QAR） are first filtered through the kinematic compatibility analysis. T...Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems. Data from the quick access recorder （QAR） are first filtered through the kinematic compatibility analysis. The filtered data are then organized into longitudinal- and lateral-directional aerodynamic model data with dynamic ground effect. The dynamic ground effect requires the radio height and sink rate in the models. The model data are then refined into numerical models through a fuzzy logic algorithm without data smoothing in advance. These numerical models describe nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamics and are used in nonlinear flight dynamics simulation. For the jet transport under study, it is found that the effect of crosswind is significant enough to excite the Dutch roll motion. Through a linearized analysis in flight dynamics at every instant of time, the Dutch roll motion is found to be in nonlinear oscillation without clear damping of the amplitude. In the analysis, all stability derivatives vary with time and hence are nonlinear functions of state variables. Since the Dutch roll motion is not damped despite the fact that a full-time yaw damper is engaged, it is concluded that the design data for the yaw damper is not sufficiently realistic and the contribution of time derivative of sideslip angle to damping should be considered. As a result of nonlinear flight simulation, the vertical wind acting on the aircraft is estimated to be mostly updraft which varies along the flight path before touchdown. Varying updraft appears to make the descent rate more difficult to control to result in a higher g-load at touchdown.展开更多
In western China, the terrain and meteorological conditions are so complex that it is not suitable to construct new radar stations. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast （ADS-B） is a totally new surveillance me...In western China, the terrain and meteorological conditions are so complex that it is not suitable to construct new radar stations. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast （ADS-B） is a totally new surveillance method, so before practically applied and operated in China, abundant tests and evaluations are necessary to validate the performance of ADS-B and guarantee the operational security. During the flight tests, we collect the data of radar, ADS-B and high accuracy position and compare the performance of ADS-B with radar based on high accuracy position. To solve the asynchronous problem among radar data, ADS-B data and real-time kinematic （RTK） data caused by different update rates, this artic.le proposes the technique of synchronizing multi-surveil- lance data by extrapolating from the data of low update rate to high update rate according to velocity and heading. Meanwhile, because radar data, ADS-B data and RTK data are expressed in different coordinates and cannot be compared each other, this article provides a method to unifying the coordinates of multi-surveillance data. By the analysis and evaluation, we can conclude that the performance of ADS-B is better than radar.展开更多
Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at Institute of Modern Physics is reviewed briefly.Based on the cooler storage ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, nuclear data terminal was establis...Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at Institute of Modern Physics is reviewed briefly.Based on the cooler storage ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, nuclear data terminal was established.The nuclear data measurement facility for the ADS spallation target has been constructed, which provides a very important platform for the experimental measurements of spallation reactions. A number of experiments have been conducted in the nuclear data terminal. A Neutron Time-of-Flight(NTOF)spectrometer was developed for the study of neutron production from spallation reactions related to the ADS project.The experiments of 400 MeV/u ^(16)O bombarded on a tungsten target were presented using a NTOF spectrometer.Neutron yields for 250 MeV protons incident on a thick grain-made tungsten target and a thick solid lead target have been measured using the water-bath neutron activation method. Spallation residual productions were studied by bombarding W and Pb targets with a 250 MeV proton beam using the neutron activation method. Benchmarking of evaluated nuclear data libraries was performed for D-T neutrons on ADS relevant materials by using the benchmark experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.展开更多
In order to improve the accuracy of free flight conflict detection and reduce the false alarm rate, an improved flight conflict detection algorithm is proposed based on Gauss-Hermite particle filter（GHPF）. The algor...In order to improve the accuracy of free flight conflict detection and reduce the false alarm rate, an improved flight conflict detection algorithm is proposed based on Gauss-Hermite particle filter（GHPF）. The algorithm improves the traditional flight conflict detection method in two aspects：（i） New observation data are integrated into system state transition probability, and Gauss-Hermite Filter（GHF） is used for generating the importance density function.（ii） GHPF is used for flight trajectory prediction and flight conflict probability calculation. The experimental results show that the accuracy of conflict detection and tracing with GHPF is better than that with standard particle filter. The detected conflict probability is more precise with GHPF, and GHPF is suitable for early free flight conflict detection.展开更多
Aerodynamic modeling and parameter estimation from quick accesses recorder （QAR） data is an important technical way to analyze the effects of highland weather conditions upon aerodynamic characteristics of airplane....Aerodynamic modeling and parameter estimation from quick accesses recorder （QAR） data is an important technical way to analyze the effects of highland weather conditions upon aerodynamic characteristics of airplane. It is also an essential content of flight accident analysis. The related techniques are developed in the present paper, including the geometric method for angle of attack and sideslip angle estimation, the extended Kalman filter associated with modified Bryson-Frazier smoother （EKF-MBF） method for aerodynamic coefficient identification, the radial basis function （RBF） neural network method for aerodynamic mod- eling, and the Delta method for stability/control derivative estimation. As an application example, the QAR data of a civil air- plane approaching a high-altitude airport are processed and the aerodynamic coefficient and derivative estimates are obtained. The estimation results are reasonable, which shows that the developed techniques are feasible. The causes for the distribution of aerodynamic derivative estimates are analyzed. Accordingly, several measures to improve estimation accuracy are put forward.展开更多
文摘For the accurate description of aerodynamic characteristics for aircraft,a wavelet neural network (WNN) aerodynamic modeling method from flight data,based on improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm with information sharing strategy and velocity disturbance operator,is proposed.In improved PSO algorithm,an information sharing strategy is used to avoid the premature convergence as much as possible;the velocity disturbance operator is adopted to jump out of this position once falling into the premature convergence.Simulations on lateral and longitudinal aerodynamic modeling for ATTAS (advanced technologies testing aircraft system) indicate that the proposed method can achieve the accuracy improvement of an order of magnitude compared with SPSO-WNN,and can converge to a satisfactory precision by only 60 120 iterations in contrast to SPSO-WNN with 6 times precocities in 200 times repetitive experiments using Morlet and Mexican hat wavelet functions.Furthermore,it is proved that the proposed method is feasible and effective for aerodynamic modeling from flight data.
基金support of Shanghai Central Guide Local Science and Technology Development Funds(YDZX20233100004008)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities:Key Laboratory of Civil Aviation Emergency Science and Technology CAAC(Grant No.XCA2402202).
文摘In the event of an aircraft crash over the ocean,the potential risk of the Flight Data Recorder(FDR)system sinking to the ocean in conjunction with the aircraft debris is substantial,which would significantly complicate search and rescue operations.To mitigate this challenge,a separable flight data recorder has been developed by our team which called Emergency Flight Data Recorder(EFDR)system.Encapsulated within a cushioning airbag,the recorder is ejected from the aircraft and decelerates to the sea surface via a deceleration parachute,enhancing both the efficiency of search and recovery operations and the feasibility of flight data analysis.This paper presents an experimental study on the ejection velocity of the ejection system in the EFDR framework,focusing on three critical parameters:airbag material,deceleration parachute placement,and flight data recorder weight.The experimental results indicate that encapsulating the device in an airbag reduces ejection velocity,with fabric airbags inducing a smaller velocity decrement compared to rubber counterparts.Additionally,the deployment of a deceleration parachute further decreases ejection velocity,with a more pronounced reduction observed when the parachute is positioned in front of the projectile than when placed at rear.However,this velocity penalty is deemed acceptable due to the enhanced reliability of parachute deployment in the anterior configuration.Within the counterweight weight range of 2–6 kg,ejection velocity exhibits a marginal decrease with increasing weight,suggesting that variable payloads have a negligible influence on ejection performance.These findings provide empirical insights for the subsequent design optimization of the EFDR system.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFB1713300)Guizhou Provincial Colleges and Universities Talent Training Base Project(Grant No.[2020]009)+3 种基金Guizhou Province Science and Technology Plan Project(Grant Nos.[2015]4011 and[2017]5788)Guizhou Provincial Department of Education Youth Science and Technology Talent Growth Project(Grant No.[2022]142)the Scientific Research Project for Introducing Talents from Guizhou University(Grant No.(2021)74)the Guizhou Province Higher Education Integrated Research Platform Project(Grant No.[2020]005)。
文摘Flight data anomaly detection plays an imperative role in the safety and maintenance of unmanned aerial vehicles(UAVs).It has attracted extensive attention from researchers.However,the problems related to the difficulty in obtaining abnormal data,low model accuracy,and high calculation cost have led to severe challenges with respect to its practical applications.Hence,in this study,firstly,several UAV flight data simulation softwares are presented based on a brief presentation of the basic concepts of anomalies,the contents of UAV flight data,and the public datasets for flight data anomaly detection.Then,anomaly detection technologies for UAV flight data are comprehensively reviewed,including knowledge-based,model-based,and data-driven methods.Next,UAV flight data anomaly detection applications are briefly described and analyzed.Finally,the future trends and directions of UAV flight data anomaly detection are summarized and prospected,which aims to provide references for the following research.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41106152)the National Science and Technology Support Program of China(No.2013BAD13B01)+3 种基金the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2013AA09A505)the International Science&Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2011DFA22260)the National High Technology Industrialization Project(No.[2012]2083)the Marine Public Projects of China(Nos.201105032,201305032,201105002-07)
文摘This paper introduces the background, aim, experimental design, configuration and data processing for an airborne test flight of the HY-2 Microwave scatterometer(HSCAT). The aim was to evaluate HSCAT performance and a developed data processing algorithm for the HSCAT before launch. There were three test flights of the scatterometer, on January 15, 18 and 22, 2010, over the South China Sea near Lingshui, Hainan. The test flights successfully generated simultaneous airborne scatterometer normalized radar cross section(NRCS), ASCAT wind, and ship-borne-measured wind datasets, which were used to analyze HSCAT performance. Azimuthal dependence of the NRCS relative to the wind direction was nearly cos(2w), with NRCS minima at crosswind directions, and maxima near upwind and downwind. The NRCS also showed a small difference between upwind and downwind directions, with upwind crosssections generally larger than those downwind. The dependence of airborne scatterometer NRCS on wind direction and speed showed favorable consistency with the NASA scatterometer geophysical model function(NSCAT GMF), indicating satisfactory HSCAT performance.
基金Foundation item： National Natural Science Foundation of China （60832012）
文摘Flight data of a twin-jet transport aircraft in revenue flight are analyzed for potential safety problems. Data from the quick access recorder （QAR） are first filtered through the kinematic compatibility analysis. The filtered data are then organized into longitudinal- and lateral-directional aerodynamic model data with dynamic ground effect. The dynamic ground effect requires the radio height and sink rate in the models. The model data are then refined into numerical models through a fuzzy logic algorithm without data smoothing in advance. These numerical models describe nonlinear and unsteady aerodynamics and are used in nonlinear flight dynamics simulation. For the jet transport under study, it is found that the effect of crosswind is significant enough to excite the Dutch roll motion. Through a linearized analysis in flight dynamics at every instant of time, the Dutch roll motion is found to be in nonlinear oscillation without clear damping of the amplitude. In the analysis, all stability derivatives vary with time and hence are nonlinear functions of state variables. Since the Dutch roll motion is not damped despite the fact that a full-time yaw damper is engaged, it is concluded that the design data for the yaw damper is not sufficiently realistic and the contribution of time derivative of sideslip angle to damping should be considered. As a result of nonlinear flight simulation, the vertical wind acting on the aircraft is estimated to be mostly updraft which varies along the flight path before touchdown. Varying updraft appears to make the descent rate more difficult to control to result in a higher g-load at touchdown.
文摘In western China, the terrain and meteorological conditions are so complex that it is not suitable to construct new radar stations. Automatic dependent surveillance-broadcast （ADS-B） is a totally new surveillance method, so before practically applied and operated in China, abundant tests and evaluations are necessary to validate the performance of ADS-B and guarantee the operational security. During the flight tests, we collect the data of radar, ADS-B and high accuracy position and compare the performance of ADS-B with radar based on high accuracy position. To solve the asynchronous problem among radar data, ADS-B data and real-time kinematic （RTK） data caused by different update rates, this artic.le proposes the technique of synchronizing multi-surveil- lance data by extrapolating from the data of low update rate to high update rate according to velocity and heading. Meanwhile, because radar data, ADS-B data and RTK data are expressed in different coordinates and cannot be compared each other, this article provides a method to unifying the coordinates of multi-surveillance data. By the analysis and evaluation, we can conclude that the performance of ADS-B is better than radar.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences ADS Project(No.XDA03030200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.91426301)
文摘Recent progress in nuclear data measurement for ADS at Institute of Modern Physics is reviewed briefly.Based on the cooler storage ring of the Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, nuclear data terminal was established.The nuclear data measurement facility for the ADS spallation target has been constructed, which provides a very important platform for the experimental measurements of spallation reactions. A number of experiments have been conducted in the nuclear data terminal. A Neutron Time-of-Flight(NTOF)spectrometer was developed for the study of neutron production from spallation reactions related to the ADS project.The experiments of 400 MeV/u ^(16)O bombarded on a tungsten target were presented using a NTOF spectrometer.Neutron yields for 250 MeV protons incident on a thick grain-made tungsten target and a thick solid lead target have been measured using the water-bath neutron activation method. Spallation residual productions were studied by bombarding W and Pb targets with a 250 MeV proton beam using the neutron activation method. Benchmarking of evaluated nuclear data libraries was performed for D-T neutrons on ADS relevant materials by using the benchmark experimental facility at the China Institute of Atomic Energy.
基金Supported by the Joint Project of National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaCivil Aviation Administration of China(U1333116)
文摘In order to improve the accuracy of free flight conflict detection and reduce the false alarm rate, an improved flight conflict detection algorithm is proposed based on Gauss-Hermite particle filter（GHPF）. The algorithm improves the traditional flight conflict detection method in two aspects：（i） New observation data are integrated into system state transition probability, and Gauss-Hermite Filter（GHF） is used for generating the importance density function.（ii） GHPF is used for flight trajectory prediction and flight conflict probability calculation. The experimental results show that the accuracy of conflict detection and tracing with GHPF is better than that with standard particle filter. The detected conflict probability is more precise with GHPF, and GHPF is suitable for early free flight conflict detection.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(60832012)
文摘Aerodynamic modeling and parameter estimation from quick accesses recorder （QAR） data is an important technical way to analyze the effects of highland weather conditions upon aerodynamic characteristics of airplane. It is also an essential content of flight accident analysis. The related techniques are developed in the present paper, including the geometric method for angle of attack and sideslip angle estimation, the extended Kalman filter associated with modified Bryson-Frazier smoother （EKF-MBF） method for aerodynamic coefficient identification, the radial basis function （RBF） neural network method for aerodynamic mod- eling, and the Delta method for stability/control derivative estimation. As an application example, the QAR data of a civil air- plane approaching a high-altitude airport are processed and the aerodynamic coefficient and derivative estimates are obtained. The estimation results are reasonable, which shows that the developed techniques are feasible. The causes for the distribution of aerodynamic derivative estimates are analyzed. Accordingly, several measures to improve estimation accuracy are put forward.
