Osmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops worldwide.Refrigeration has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time of Osmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops,but...Osmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops worldwide.Refrigeration has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time of Osmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops,but the fitness of Osmia after refrigeration remains unknown.Here,the effects of long-term refrigeration at 0℃on the vitality,flight ability,and metabolism of Osmia excavata,which is known as the"king of pollination"in China,were studied.The survival rate(>90%before 120 d),weight loss rate(<15%after 170 d),and mean flight speed of 0.excavata were not greatly affected after long-term refrigeration.The content of fats,which have antifreeze and energy storage properties,was not significantly altered in O.excavata before 130 d of refrigeration,which might explain why the survival rates and flight speed of O.excavata remained high after long-term refrigeration.However,the flight duration and distance decreased significantly(P<0.05),and both were positively correlated with the reduced trehalose levels in 0.excavata(r=[+0.69]-[+0.71];P<0.05).Overall,these findings indicate that the pollination potential of O.excavata for various crops with different flowering periods is high after long-term refrigeration;however,long-term refrigeration may decrease pollination efficiency.Our findings highlight new research directions that could improve the ecological service function of refrigerated O.excavata.展开更多
In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed duri...In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed during its fall,emphasizing the influence of the complex filament structure on the formation of wake vortices.However,research on the flight lift force due to the dandelion seed’s morphological profile under lateral crosswind conditions is quite limited.This study investigates the aerodynamic behavior of dandelion seed using a novel virtual barrier model.This model is proposed,based on the regular pattern of the filaments’outer contours and the virtual barrier effect produced by their columnar array.Through elaborate numerical simulations,it is found that the morphological profile of dandelion seed possesses superior aerodynamic properties,particularly in generating lift force under crosswind conditions.This characteristic is a crucial mechanism for the long-distance dispersal of dandelion seed.Subsequently,the study extends to examine the aerodynamic performance of the model at varying degrees of opening angles and inflow attack angles,offering a fresh perspective on understanding the flight characteristics of dandelion seed in natural environments.The findings not only contribute to the field of plant aerodynamics but also provide insights into potential biomimetic applications in engineering.展开更多
基金supported by the Bee Industry Innovation Team of Shandong Province,National Natural Science Foundation of China(32202316)Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Project of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CXGC2023D01,CXGC2023F04).
文摘Osmia solitary bees are important pollinators of various crops worldwide.Refrigeration has been widely used to synchronize the emergence time of Osmia species from cocoons with the blooming time of different crops,but the fitness of Osmia after refrigeration remains unknown.Here,the effects of long-term refrigeration at 0℃on the vitality,flight ability,and metabolism of Osmia excavata,which is known as the"king of pollination"in China,were studied.The survival rate(>90%before 120 d),weight loss rate(<15%after 170 d),and mean flight speed of 0.excavata were not greatly affected after long-term refrigeration.The content of fats,which have antifreeze and energy storage properties,was not significantly altered in O.excavata before 130 d of refrigeration,which might explain why the survival rates and flight speed of O.excavata remained high after long-term refrigeration.However,the flight duration and distance decreased significantly(P<0.05),and both were positively correlated with the reduced trehalose levels in 0.excavata(r=[+0.69]-[+0.71];P<0.05).Overall,these findings indicate that the pollination potential of O.excavata for various crops with different flowering periods is high after long-term refrigeration;however,long-term refrigeration may decrease pollination efficiency.Our findings highlight new research directions that could improve the ecological service function of refrigerated O.excavata.
基金supported by the Sir Joseph Pope Fellowship from Nottingham University,the High Performance Computing Platform of Xi'an Jiaotong University,and the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12072254,12102323,and 12472108).
文摘In this paper,the effect of the morphological profile of dandelion seed on flight lift force under crosswind conditions is explored.Existing studies primarily focus on the flight characteristics of dandelion seed during its fall,emphasizing the influence of the complex filament structure on the formation of wake vortices.However,research on the flight lift force due to the dandelion seed’s morphological profile under lateral crosswind conditions is quite limited.This study investigates the aerodynamic behavior of dandelion seed using a novel virtual barrier model.This model is proposed,based on the regular pattern of the filaments’outer contours and the virtual barrier effect produced by their columnar array.Through elaborate numerical simulations,it is found that the morphological profile of dandelion seed possesses superior aerodynamic properties,particularly in generating lift force under crosswind conditions.This characteristic is a crucial mechanism for the long-distance dispersal of dandelion seed.Subsequently,the study extends to examine the aerodynamic performance of the model at varying degrees of opening angles and inflow attack angles,offering a fresh perspective on understanding the flight characteristics of dandelion seed in natural environments.The findings not only contribute to the field of plant aerodynamics but also provide insights into potential biomimetic applications in engineering.
