The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a chain of socioeconomic effects worldwide.China’s social and economic operations and labor market have also been suffered because of this global crisis.During hard times,flexible emp...The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a chain of socioeconomic effects worldwide.China’s social and economic operations and labor market have also been suffered because of this global crisis.During hard times,flexible employment becomes an important means for stabilizing employment.However,the pandemic also exposed the problems ensuing from insufficient legal protection for flexible workers.First,there are some gaps and defects in the labor and social security laws in terms of their scope and applicability to flexible workers.Second,there were limitations in the support and protection policies for flexible workers at the early stages of the pandemic.Although the government implemented measures soon after the outbreak of COVID-19,their role is still constrained by the legal lacunae in protecting flexible workers.As flexible employment will continue to play a significant role in China’s labor market,the State Council issued a far-reaching official document in July 28,2020 to support it.This document indicates the directions for providing better legal protection for flexible workers,which contains expanding the legal scope and enriching the legal protection.Based on the realities and latest policies,the legal protection for flexible workers should be systemically improved in the future.展开更多
In real production,machines are operated by workers,and the constraints of worker flexibility should be considered.The flexible job shop scheduling problem with both machine and worker resources(DRCFJSP)has become a r...In real production,machines are operated by workers,and the constraints of worker flexibility should be considered.The flexible job shop scheduling problem with both machine and worker resources(DRCFJSP)has become a research hotspot in recent years.In this paper,DRCFJSP with the objective of minimizing the makespan is studied,and it should solve three sub-problems:machine allocation,worker allocation,and operations sequencing.To solve DRCFJSP,a novel hybrid algorithm(CEAM-CP)of cooperative evolutionary algorithm with multiple populations(CEAM)and constraint programming(CP)is proposed.Specifically,the CEAM-CP algorithm is comprised of two main stages.In the first stage,CEAM is used based on three-layer encoding and full active decoding.Moreover,CEAM has three populations,each of which corresponds to one layer encoding and determines one sub-problem.Moreover,each population evolves cooperatively by multiple cross operations.To further improve the solution quality obtained by CEAM,CP is adopted in the second stage.Experiments are conducted on 13 benchmark instances to assess the effectiveness of multiple crossover operations,CP,and CEAM-CP.Most importantly,the proposed CEAM-CP improves 9 best-known solutions out of 13 benchmark instances.展开更多
文摘The COVID-19 pandemic has caused a chain of socioeconomic effects worldwide.China’s social and economic operations and labor market have also been suffered because of this global crisis.During hard times,flexible employment becomes an important means for stabilizing employment.However,the pandemic also exposed the problems ensuing from insufficient legal protection for flexible workers.First,there are some gaps and defects in the labor and social security laws in terms of their scope and applicability to flexible workers.Second,there were limitations in the support and protection policies for flexible workers at the early stages of the pandemic.Although the government implemented measures soon after the outbreak of COVID-19,their role is still constrained by the legal lacunae in protecting flexible workers.As flexible employment will continue to play a significant role in China’s labor market,the State Council issued a far-reaching official document in July 28,2020 to support it.This document indicates the directions for providing better legal protection for flexible workers,which contains expanding the legal scope and enriching the legal protection.Based on the realities and latest policies,the legal protection for flexible workers should be systemically improved in the future.
基金supported by the Funds for the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52205529 and 62303204)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Nos.ZR2021QE195 and ZR2021QF036)+2 种基金Youth Innovation Team Program of Shandong Higher Education Institution(No.2023KJ206)Guangyue。Youth Scholar Innovation Talent Program support received from Liaocheng University(No.LCUGYTD2022-03)Foundation of Young Talent of Lifting engineering for Science and Technology in Shandong,China(No.SDAST2024QTA074).
文摘In real production,machines are operated by workers,and the constraints of worker flexibility should be considered.The flexible job shop scheduling problem with both machine and worker resources(DRCFJSP)has become a research hotspot in recent years.In this paper,DRCFJSP with the objective of minimizing the makespan is studied,and it should solve three sub-problems:machine allocation,worker allocation,and operations sequencing.To solve DRCFJSP,a novel hybrid algorithm(CEAM-CP)of cooperative evolutionary algorithm with multiple populations(CEAM)and constraint programming(CP)is proposed.Specifically,the CEAM-CP algorithm is comprised of two main stages.In the first stage,CEAM is used based on three-layer encoding and full active decoding.Moreover,CEAM has three populations,each of which corresponds to one layer encoding and determines one sub-problem.Moreover,each population evolves cooperatively by multiple cross operations.To further improve the solution quality obtained by CEAM,CP is adopted in the second stage.Experiments are conducted on 13 benchmark instances to assess the effectiveness of multiple crossover operations,CP,and CEAM-CP.Most importantly,the proposed CEAM-CP improves 9 best-known solutions out of 13 benchmark instances.
