Safflower is an important oilseed crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years because of the clinically valuable flavonoid glycosides in its flower petals.However,the biosynthesis an...Safflower is an important oilseed crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years because of the clinically valuable flavonoid glycosides in its flower petals.However,the biosynthesis and molecular regulation of these compounds are still elusive due to the lack of a high-quality reference genome and scarce identification of key biosynthetic pathway genes in a medicinal safflower variety.Here we leveraged an integrative multi-omics strategy by combining genomic,comparative genomics,and tissue-specific transcriptome profiling with biochemical analysis to identify uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases(UGTs)for flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in safflower.We assembled and annotated a high-quality reference genome of a medicinal safflower variety,‘Yunhong3’.A comprehensive comparative genomic analysis indicated that an evolutionary whole-genome triplication event occurring in safflower contributed to gene amplification of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.By combining comparative transcriptome profiling with enzymatic reactions,we identified 11 novel UGTs that could catalyze the conversion of naringenin chalcone and phloretin to the corresponding O-glycosides.Moreover,we outlined the molecular pathway of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)biosynthesis featured by 17 newly identified UGTs with promising catalytic activity,laying the foundation for the synthetic production of HSYA.Our study reports systemic genome and gene expression information for flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in medicinal safflower and provides insights into mechanisms regulating HSYA biosynthesis,which would facilitate the genetic improvement and synthetic bioengineering design for producing clinically valuable flavonoid glycosides in safflower.展开更多
Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the reg...Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.展开更多
The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmento...The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.展开更多
Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcri...Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.展开更多
Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMM...Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMMs has been recently highlighted,but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding,especially in relation to metabolites.This study delved into the identification of CYP genes that are linked to the tolerance mechanisms of plants in response to heavy metal stress.The findings highlight the significant metabolic pathways that contribute to this resilience,using rice and Arabidopsis as exemplars.THMM exposure changed CYP gene expression in plants,and THMM antidotes mitigated its downregulation and that of flavonoid biosynthesis genes.CYP genes involved in THMM responses were predominantly enriched in the pathways associated with flavonoid synthesis,indicating functional adaptations to distinct stresses.Notably,anthocyanin(Ant)accumulation,a type of flavonoid,affected the uptake of various heavy metals in Brassica rapa,with flavonoid biosynthesis-associated genes correlating with Cd or As tolerance and Ant content.These findings highlight the critical importance of flavonoid metabolism and the intricate network of biosynthesis genes in bolstering plant resilience against heavy metal stress.This enhanced understanding paves the way for significant advancements in phytoremediation technologies,offering innovative solutions for soil and water decontamination.展开更多
Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoid...Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.展开更多
[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the r...[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the raw material,the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic temperature,time,and solid-to-liquid ratio on the total flavonoid yield were investigated through single-factor and orthogonal experiments.[Results]All factors had a significant effect on the yield.The optimized conditions were determined as follows:ethanol concentration 75%,ultrasonic temperature 60℃,ultrasonic time 30 min,and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:50(g/ml).Under these conditions,the total flavonoid yield reached 3.08%.Evaluation of antioxidant activity revealed that the extract exhibited superior scavenging rates against both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals compared with the standard reference compound BHT.[Conclusions]This study holds significant importance for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of flavonoids in H.undatus and for expanding their application in medicine and health products.展开更多
The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase ge...The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.展开更多
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated...Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated obesity,metabolic syndrome,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance(IR)as central drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis.Despite the absence of approved pharmacological therapies or clearly defined molecular targets,flavonoids have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential.As key bioactive molecules,flavonoids may modulate critical gene networks implicated in the progression of NAFLD.In addition to mitigating lipid accumulation induced by IR,these compounds exert multifaceted regulatory effects by modulating proteasome activity,intracellular signaling cascades,gene transcription,and inflammatory processes that contribute to hepatic lipid dysregulation.展开更多
Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats wer...Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats were divided into the Control,Model,AMI positive control(Propranolol hydrochloride,30 mg/kg),low dose TFSB(50 mg/kg),and high dose TFSB(100 mg/kg)groups.Rats received the corresponding treatment by intragastric administration once daily for 10 consecutive days.Electrocardiogram,myocardial enzyme,triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining,hematoxylin-eosin,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate the protective effect of TFSB on AMI rats.Then,the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method based on serum metabolomics was utilised to search for metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways.Subsequently,Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were employed to identify the respective genes and proteins.Results:Pharmacodynamics revealed that TFSB could ameliorate AMI in rats.The results of the metabolomics analysis indicated that the alterations in metabolic profile observed in rats with AMI were partially improved by treatment with TFSB.Moreover,the mRNA expression levels of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)and 15-lipoxygenase(15-LOX)and the protein expression levels of 5-LOX,15-LOX,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and NF-κB p65 were reduced following treatment with TFSB.Conclusion:The potential treatment of TFSB in AMI may be ascribed to its ability to regulate arachidonic acid metabolism.展开更多
[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Tota...[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Total flavonoids in milk powder were extracted with ethanol using 45℃ water bath ultrasonication for 60 min.Flavonoids contain a benzopyran ring structure and react with aluminum nitrate in a potassium acetate environment to form a yellow complex.The absorbance of this complex was measured at 420 nm for quantitative determination.[Results]The method exhibited a good linear relationship within the range of 0.2-1.0 mg.The limit of detection(LOD)was 0.05 g/100 g,and the limit of quantification(LOQ)was 0.3 g/100 g.When the spiked amount of total flavonoids was in the range of 0.3% to 1.0%,the spike recovery rates were 99.3% to 103.4%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD s)were less than 3.0%.[Conclusions]This method offers advantages such as rapidness,accuracy,good stability,and high sensitivity,and can be used for the detection of total flavonoid content in milk powder.展开更多
The objective of this study was to predict,screen,synthesize,and investigate cocrystals of poorly soluble flavonoids that are commonly found in dietary supplements with bipolar compound picolinic acid(PA).To improve t...The objective of this study was to predict,screen,synthesize,and investigate cocrystals of poorly soluble flavonoids that are commonly found in dietary supplements with bipolar compound picolinic acid(PA).To improve the efficiency and success rate of experimental screening,two virtual tools based on hydrogen bond propensity(HBP)and modified molecular electrostatic potential(MEP)maps were used.The prediction accuracy of HBP and MEP is 58.82%and 94.11%,respectively,presenting that the MEP model is very powerful in the discovery of pharmaceutical cocrystals.Among the 12 successfully obtained cocrystals,4 single crystals of PA with luteolin(LUT),genistein(GEN),taxifolin(TAX),dihydromyricetin(DHM)were obtained for the first time.Charged-assisted O-H…O and N-H…O hydrogen bonds appear as main hydrogen bonding synthons,and PA adopts a zwitterionic form after cocrystallization.GEN-PA,TAX-PA,and DHM-PA showed higher DPPH'radical-scavenging capacities;LUT-PA and DHM-PA showed higher ABTS^(+)radical-scavenging capacities;GEN-PA and DHM-PA possessed better protective effects on H9c2 cells from hypoxic injury caused by CoCl_(2)than corresponding pure flavonoids.展开更多
[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of tota...[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.展开更多
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,...Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,compounded by a lack of specific and effective clinical therapies.Key pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress,inflammation,programmed cell death,and fibrosis,influenced by external risk factors such as cigarette smoke and internal factors like immune deficiency.Natural flavonoids emerge as promising adjuvant treatments or potential drug candidates for COPD,attributed to their multi-target properties and low toxicity.This article provides an overview of various types and sources of natural flavonoids that exhibit therapeutic effects on COPD,their specific pharmacological actions and detailed mechanisms of action.This review aims to serve as a reference for adjuvant treatment strategies in daily dietary practices and to inspire novel drug candidates for COPD.展开更多
Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.)Moq.,commonly known as sandrice,is an annual medicinal plant prevalent in the dunes across China's deserts.A garden trial revealed that flavonoid content varies among sandrice ecotypes d...Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.)Moq.,commonly known as sandrice,is an annual medicinal plant prevalent in the dunes across China's deserts.A garden trial revealed that flavonoid content varies among sandrice ecotypes due to long-term local adaptation to water variability.To investigate how sandrice responds to drought stress through the molecular metabolic regulation of flavonoids,we employed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses during a 9-d ambient drought stress,examining three ecotypes along a precipitation gradient.The three ecotypes located in Dengkou(DK)County,Dulan(DL)County,and Aerxiang(AEX)village of northern China,which had 137,263,and 485 mm precipitation,respectively.Soil moisture content was 4.04%after drought stress,causing seedlings of the three sandrice ecotypes to display collapsed structures,yellowing leaves,wilting,and curling.Among these,DL exhibited superior drought tolerance,in which plant height increase(PHI)and leaf area(LA)were significantly higher than those of DK and AEX.Flavonoid-targeted metabolomics identified that rutin,isoquercitrin,and astragalin constituted over 95.00%of the 15 flavonoid metabolites detected.A total of 12 differentially accumulated flavonoids(DAFs)were found,with rutin being the most abundant(1231.57-2859.34 ng/100 mg fresh weight(FW)),showing a gradual increase along the precipitation gradient.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 14 common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with flavonoid synthesis among the three ecotypes.Integrative analysis of DEGs and DAFs indicated that sandrice adapts to drought stress by activating different flavonoid synthesis pathways.In DK,the dihydrokaempferol-dihydroquercetin pathway,regulated by flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase(CYP75B1),likely enhances drought adaptation.In AEX,transcriptional repression by O-methylatransferase(OMT)shifts the metabolic flux from the quercetin-isorhamnetin pathway to the quercetin-isoquercetin-rutin pathway in response to drought.DL,the most droughttolerant ecotype,appears to activate the naringenin-apigenin-luteolin route and employs a unique flavonoid accumulation pattern in response to drought stress.Our data reveal that flavonoid synthesis in sandrice is fine-tuned among ecotypes to cope with drought,offering valuable germplasm resources and evaluation methods for sandrice acclimation and providing insights into drought response in non-model plants.展开更多
In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undat...In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose (H. undatus) has not been reported yet. Through transcriptomic analysis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, and RT-qPCR validation, we investigated the role of the LBD TFs in the senescence of H. undatus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HuLBD1 is a key transcription factor of the LBD family regulating H. undatus senescence. After silencing HuLBD1, 5075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GSEA results showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The leading subset of genes in these two pathways included 16 DEGs, with four upregulated genes, HuCHS1-2, HuFLS1, HuCYP75B2, and HuCHS5-2 being central in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. H. undatus phenotypic experiments confirmed that silencing HuLBD1 significantly increased the flavonoid content in the fruit peel, and RT-qPCR validation showed that the gene expression trends were consistent with the RNA-seq data. The study indicated that HuLBD1 likely delays the fruit senescence process by negatively regulating the expression of four key genes, including HuCHS1-2, thus promoting the synthesis of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the HuLBD1 TF plays an important role in the senescence of H. undatus fruit, providing a theoretical basis for postharvest senescence control.展开更多
Chemotherapy-induced toxicity(CIT)remains a major concern in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.New approaches to ameliorate the side effects of chemotherapy are urgently needed.Recently,the nutritional value of ...Chemotherapy-induced toxicity(CIT)remains a major concern in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.New approaches to ameliorate the side effects of chemotherapy are urgently needed.Recently,the nutritional value of citrus fruits has attracted wide attention.Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin are the main active components in citrus fruits.Hesperidin and hesperetin have a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.This review aims to provide insights into the potential application of citrus flavonoids in CIT and summarize the underlying mechanisms of hesperidin and hesperetin in alleviating CIT.We have collected and collated relevant scientific articles on hesperidin and hesperetin and their treatment of CIT from different scientific databases.Hesperidin and its glycosides can reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs,and their therapeutic effects are mainly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.At present,modern medical treatment is the main treatment method for CIT,but hesperidin,as an extract of food and medicinal materials,can greatly alleviate CIT.While killing tumor cells,chemotherapeutic drugs also damage normal cells leading to toxic effect on various organs.The pathological mechanism of CIT has not been fully elucidated,but current evidences indicate that cellular stress plays a key role.The citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin have the protective effect against CIT,highlighting its potential as an adjuvant in chemotherapy regimens.Hesperidin may also have synergistic anti-tumor activity with chemotherapeutic agents.We believe that more functional foods and anti-CIT drugs based on natural foods will be developed.展开更多
Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poor...Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poorly understood.Through comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of freezing-tolerant(CM,Solanum commersonii)and freezing-sensitive(DM,DM1-3516R44)varieties,we identified a coldinduced UDP-glycosyltransferase gene,ScUGT73B4,which is associated with the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids in wild CM varieties.Overexpression of ScUGT73B4 led to increased accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids and enhanced antioxidant capacity,resulting in improved freezing tolerance in potato plantlets.These findings reveal a UDP-glycosyltransferase in the flavonoid pathway and offer a potential valuable genetic resource for breeding potatoes with improved freezing tolerance.展开更多
Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance...Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance and serious adverse effects.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dietary flavonoids exhibit an alleviative effect on IBD by influencing gut microbiota.The microbiota-derived metabolites also regulate IBD and maintain intestinal homeostasis.In this review,we investigate the therapeutic effect of gut microbiota and metabolites on IBD by intestinal immune and intestinal barrier function.We demonstrate the underlying mechanism of dietary flavonoids as an anti-inflammatory molecule alleviating IBD by regulating gut microbiota,short chain fatty acid(SCFA),bile acid(BA),tryptophan(Trp)metabolism and lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling pathway.Based on structural differences of flavonoids,we summarize the recent research progress on the role of different dietary flavonoids in alleviating IBD by gut microbiota and metabolites in animal and clinical trials.This review indicates that dietary flavonoids targeting gut microbiota and metabolites provide a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation and novel insights into the management of IBD.展开更多
Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomar...Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomarein,and possesses multiple health-promoting properties,such as antioxidant,hypoglycemic and vasorelaxant effects.Previous bioactivity investigations majorly focused on C.tinctoria and its crude extract.The aim of the present study was to prepare marein-dominant C.tinctoria flavonoids(CF),further investigate the CF protective effects of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms.Results have demonstrated that CF effectively attenuated hepatofibrogenesis by increasing the activity of glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD);suppressing the hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation,inhibiting transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)activation and the production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),alleviating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)and small mothers against decapentaplegic1/2(Smad1/2),thus maintaining the collagen metabolic homeostasis in the liver.Our study revealed that CF possesses an efficacious protective effect against chronic hepatic fibrosis due to their strong inhibitory effects of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.展开更多
基金supported by the ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(Grant No.2060302)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0900603)+1 种基金the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2020YFA0908000)the crosswise task based on DEYUANTANG pharmacy Co.,Ltd.Shanxi,China(Grant No.DYTKY180725).
文摘Safflower is an important oilseed crop that has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years because of the clinically valuable flavonoid glycosides in its flower petals.However,the biosynthesis and molecular regulation of these compounds are still elusive due to the lack of a high-quality reference genome and scarce identification of key biosynthetic pathway genes in a medicinal safflower variety.Here we leveraged an integrative multi-omics strategy by combining genomic,comparative genomics,and tissue-specific transcriptome profiling with biochemical analysis to identify uridine diphosphate glycosyltransferases(UGTs)for flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in safflower.We assembled and annotated a high-quality reference genome of a medicinal safflower variety,‘Yunhong3’.A comprehensive comparative genomic analysis indicated that an evolutionary whole-genome triplication event occurring in safflower contributed to gene amplification of the flavonoid biosynthetic pathway.By combining comparative transcriptome profiling with enzymatic reactions,we identified 11 novel UGTs that could catalyze the conversion of naringenin chalcone and phloretin to the corresponding O-glycosides.Moreover,we outlined the molecular pathway of hydroxysafflor yellow A(HSYA)biosynthesis featured by 17 newly identified UGTs with promising catalytic activity,laying the foundation for the synthetic production of HSYA.Our study reports systemic genome and gene expression information for flavonoid glycoside biosynthesis in medicinal safflower and provides insights into mechanisms regulating HSYA biosynthesis,which would facilitate the genetic improvement and synthetic bioengineering design for producing clinically valuable flavonoid glycosides in safflower.
基金supported by the China Agricultural Research System(Grant No.CARS-09)the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development Project(Grant No.YDZX2023029)the Gansu Planning Projects on Science and Technology(Grant No.23CXNJ0013).
文摘Flavonoids,abundant in the fruits,are pivotal to their growth,development,and storage.In addition,they have significant beneficial effects on human health.Consequently,research is increasingly concentrating on the regulatory mechanisms governing flavonoid biosynthesis in fruits.Phytohormones are involved in the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.The abscisic acid,ethylene,jasmonic acid,cytokinins,and brassinosteroids promote flavonoid biosynthesis,while auxin negatively regulates flavonoid biosynthesis.Subsequently,transcription factors from the MYB,bHLH,WRKY,NAC,and bZIP families are pivotal in regulating flavonoid biosynthesis.In addition,non-coding RNAs(microRNA and lncRNA)also participate in the regulation of flavonoids biosynthesis.MicroRNAs are generally believed to negatively regulate flavonoid metabolism in fruits,while lncRNAs have the opposite effect.Furthermore,the interactions between plant hormones,transcription factors,and non-coding RNAs in fruit flavonoid biosynthesis were analyzed.Ultimately,a foundational regulatory network for fruit flavonoid biosynthesis was hereby established.
基金Fundação de AmparoàPesquisa do Estado de São Paulo(FAPESP,Brazil,#2020/11667-0)and Universidade Federal do ABC(UFABC,Brazil)were recipients of fellowships from FAPESP:THLV(#2021/11969-9 and#2024/00828-3),GBS(#2021/14227-3),and GMB(#2024/10858-7)+1 种基金recipients of fellowships from Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior(CAPES,Brazil):MIM(Finance Code 001,#88887.597402/2021-00)recipients of fellowships from Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico(CNPq,Brazil.):GKD(#145164/2024-1),and DRA(#308819/2022-5).
文摘The intricate landscape of neurodegenerative diseases complicates the search for effective therapeutic approaches.Photoreceptor degeneration,the common endpoint in various retinal diseases,including retinitis pigmentosa and age-related macular degeneration,leads to vision loss or blindness.While primary cell death is driven by genetic mutations,oxidative stress,and neuroinflammation,additional mechanisms contribute to disease progression.In retinitis pigmentosa,a multitude of genetic alterations can trigger the degeneration of photoreceptors,while other retinopathies,such as agerelated macular degeneration,are initiated by combinations of environmental factors,such as diet,smoking,and hypertension,with genetic predispositions.Nutraceutical therapies,which blend the principles of nutrition and pharmaceuticals,aim to harness the health benefits of bioactive compounds for therapeutic applications.These compounds generally possess multi-target effects.Polyphenols and flavonoids,secondary plant metabolites abundant in plant-based foods,are known for their antioxidant,neuroprotective,and anti-inflammatory properties.This review focuses on the potential of polyphenols and flavonoids as nutraceuticals to treat neurodegenerative diseases such as retinitis pigmentosa.Furthermore,the importance of developing reliable delivery methods to enhance the bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy of these compounds will be discussed.By combining nutraceuticals with other emerging therapies,such as genetic and cell-based treatments,it is possible to offer a more comprehensive approach to treating retinal degenerative diseases.These advancements could lead to a viable and accessible option,improving the quality of life for patients with retinal diseases.
基金the Projects of Science and Technology of Shanghai(22N11900400)Key Projects of Beijing Institute of Life Science and Technology(2024400CB0050)+1 种基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(32488102)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA24030303)。
文摘Flavonoids are crucial secondary metabolites widely distributed in plants,playing vital roles in diverse biological processes.Although the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway has been extensively characterized,the transcriptional regulatory mechanisms remain poorly understood.In this study,we identify the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module comprising the miR166 and its target gene ATHB14-LIKE as a key regulator of flavonoid biosynthesis in soybean(Glycine max).Knockdown of miR166 or overexpression of ATHB14-LIKE upregulated multiple flavonoid biosynthesis genes,leading to increased flavonoid accumulation.Conversely,miR166 overexpression suppressed these genes and reduced flavonoid levels.We further show that ATHB14-LIKE directly activates specific flavonoid biosynthesis genes by binding to their promoters.Additionally,ATHB14-LIKE forms homodimers and heterodimers with homologous proteins to regulate downstream flavonoid biosynthesis genes.Together,our findings demonstrate that the miR166–ATHB14-LIKE module controls soybean flavonoid content by coordinating the expression of key biosynthetic genes.
基金supported by the Guizhou Provincial Science and Technology Project(Grant No.[2022]091).
文摘Toxic heavy metal and metalloid(THMM)contamination poses a major global challenge,threatening human health and sustainable agriculture.The crucial role of the Cytochrome P450(CYP)gene family in plant tolerance to THMMs has been recently highlighted,but there is still a lack of comprehensive understanding,especially in relation to metabolites.This study delved into the identification of CYP genes that are linked to the tolerance mechanisms of plants in response to heavy metal stress.The findings highlight the significant metabolic pathways that contribute to this resilience,using rice and Arabidopsis as exemplars.THMM exposure changed CYP gene expression in plants,and THMM antidotes mitigated its downregulation and that of flavonoid biosynthesis genes.CYP genes involved in THMM responses were predominantly enriched in the pathways associated with flavonoid synthesis,indicating functional adaptations to distinct stresses.Notably,anthocyanin(Ant)accumulation,a type of flavonoid,affected the uptake of various heavy metals in Brassica rapa,with flavonoid biosynthesis-associated genes correlating with Cd or As tolerance and Ant content.These findings highlight the critical importance of flavonoid metabolism and the intricate network of biosynthesis genes in bolstering plant resilience against heavy metal stress.This enhanced understanding paves the way for significant advancements in phytoremediation technologies,offering innovative solutions for soil and water decontamination.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.32160677)the Hainan University Mango Research System.
文摘Mango(Mangifera indica L.)is one of the main economic crops in Hainan,China,prized for its distinctive flavor and high nutritional value.It is also rich in health-promoting antioxidants such as vitamin C and flavonoids.Enhanced ultraviolet-B(UV—B)radiation,a growing global environmental concern,alters plant antioxidant systems,with increased flavonoid accumulation as a common adaptive response.However,its effects on mango fruit remain largely unexplored.To investigate the antioxidant responses of mango to enhanced UV-B radiation and identify key responsive flavonoid compounds and regulatory genes,we exposed‘Tainong 1’mango fruits growing under natural light to 96 kJ·m^(-2)·d^(-1)of UV-B radiation to simulate high UV-B conditions.Treated fruits were smaller in size and had a pulp of a more intense yellow colour.Further,malondialdehyde content in treated fruits was higher during the phase of rapid fruit enlargement.Additionally,treated fruits showed increased sugar-acid ratios,total phenol,total flavonoid,carotenoid,and ascorbic acid contents.Furthermore,they showed significantly enhanced antioxidant activity,as measured by the FRAP,ABTS,and DPPH assays.Extensive targeted metabolomic-analysis identified flavonoids as the largest category of compounds differentially expressed in treated and control groups.Quantitative metabolomics of flavonoids identified hyperoside,quercimeritrin,and(-)-catechin gallate as the key flavonoid metabolites responsive to UV-B treatment.Transcriptome analysis revealed an enrichment of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,with most associated differentially expressed genes showing upregulation.Furthermore,qRT-PCR analysis confirmed that the expression of the genes MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiCHI2,MiFLS,MiF3H2,and MiF3H3 correlated with changes in key flavonoid metabolites.Indeed,correlation analysis indicated that MiCHS7,MiCHI1,MiFLS,and MiF3H3 are potential key genes involved in flavonoid accumulation under UV-B treatment.Thus,our study provides a theoretical basis for breeding for new resilient varieties and developing UV-B-resistant mango cultivation techniques.
基金Supported by Zhaoqing University-Zhanjiang Institute for Food and Drug Control Joint Laboratory(52).
文摘[Objectives]This study was conducted to investigate the extraction process,content determination,and antioxidant properties of flavonoids from Hylocereus undatus(Haw.)Britton&Rose.[Methods]Using H.undatus as the raw material,the effects of ethanol concentration,ultrasonic temperature,time,and solid-to-liquid ratio on the total flavonoid yield were investigated through single-factor and orthogonal experiments.[Results]All factors had a significant effect on the yield.The optimized conditions were determined as follows:ethanol concentration 75%,ultrasonic temperature 60℃,ultrasonic time 30 min,and solid-to-liquid ratio 1:50(g/ml).Under these conditions,the total flavonoid yield reached 3.08%.Evaluation of antioxidant activity revealed that the extract exhibited superior scavenging rates against both DPPH and hydroxyl radicals compared with the standard reference compound BHT.[Conclusions]This study holds significant importance for elucidating the pharmacological mechanisms of flavonoids in H.undatus and for expanding their application in medicine and health products.
基金supported by Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan province(2024NK1010,2023NK1010,2023ZJ1080)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20208).
文摘The chalcone isomerase gene OsCHI,one of the key genes in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway,plays an important role in rice(Oryza sativa)resistance to abiotic stresses.This study reveals how the chalcone isomerase gene family member OsCHI3 participates in rice responses to drought stress through the regulation of flavonoid biosynthesis.Overexpression of OsCHI3 increased the tolerance of rice to drought stress.In contrast,CRISPR/Cas9-mediated deletion of OsCHI3 reduced the drought tolerance of rice,an effect that is reversed by exogenous ABA treatment.Transcriptomic and physiological biochemical analyses indicated that flavonoids regulated by OsCHI3 not only scavenge reactive oxygen species(ROS)but also increase drought tolerance in rice by stimulating ABA biosynthesis through the regulation of OsNCED1 and OsABA8ox3 expression.These findings demonstrate that OsCHI3 increases drought stress tolerance in rice by activating the antioxidant defense system and the ABA metabolic pathway,providing new clues for drought-resistant rice breeding research.
基金Chongqing Municipal High-Level Medical Talent Development Project for Middle-Aged and Young ProfessionalsChongqing Health Commission of Traditional Chinese Medicine Research Project(Grant No.2025WSJK175)。
文摘Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)has emerged as a predominant contributor to chronic liver disorders and hepatocellular carcinoma,representing a significant global health burden.Mounting evidence has implicated obesity,metabolic syndrome,oxidative stress,and insulin resistance(IR)as central drivers of NAFLD pathogenesis.Despite the absence of approved pharmacological therapies or clearly defined molecular targets,flavonoids have garnered increasing attention for their therapeutic potential.As key bioactive molecules,flavonoids may modulate critical gene networks implicated in the progression of NAFLD.In addition to mitigating lipid accumulation induced by IR,these compounds exert multifaceted regulatory effects by modulating proteasome activity,intracellular signaling cascades,gene transcription,and inflammatory processes that contribute to hepatic lipid dysregulation.
基金sponsored by Shandong Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Major Technological Innovation Project)([2021]CXGC010508)Guizhou Province Youth Science and Technology Talent Plan(YQK[2023]038)+1 种基金Science and Technology Department of Zunyi City of Guizhou province of China([2020]7)Key project at central government level:the ability establishment of sustainable use for valuable Chinese medicine resources(2060302).
文摘Background:The study aimed to investigate the protective effect and mechanism of total flavonoids of Scutellaria baicalensis(TFSB)on acute myocardial ischemia(AMI)rats by using functional metabonomics.Methods:Rats were divided into the Control,Model,AMI positive control(Propranolol hydrochloride,30 mg/kg),low dose TFSB(50 mg/kg),and high dose TFSB(100 mg/kg)groups.Rats received the corresponding treatment by intragastric administration once daily for 10 consecutive days.Electrocardiogram,myocardial enzyme,triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining,hematoxylin-eosin,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were performed to evaluate the protective effect of TFSB on AMI rats.Then,the UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap MS method based on serum metabolomics was utilised to search for metabolic biomarkers and metabolic pathways.Subsequently,Western blot and RT-PCR techniques were employed to identify the respective genes and proteins.Results:Pharmacodynamics revealed that TFSB could ameliorate AMI in rats.The results of the metabolomics analysis indicated that the alterations in metabolic profile observed in rats with AMI were partially improved by treatment with TFSB.Moreover,the mRNA expression levels of 5-lipoxygenase(5-LOX)and 15-lipoxygenase(15-LOX)and the protein expression levels of 5-LOX,15-LOX,interleukin-1β(IL-1β),and NF-κB p65 were reduced following treatment with TFSB.Conclusion:The potential treatment of TFSB in AMI may be ascribed to its ability to regulate arachidonic acid metabolism.
基金Supported by Key Research and Development and Achievement Transformation Plan Project of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region(2023YFHH0093).
文摘[Objectives]Based on spectrophotometry,a method for determining the total flavonoid content in milk powder was established by optimizing sample pretreatment conditions,and method validation was performed.[Methods]Total flavonoids in milk powder were extracted with ethanol using 45℃ water bath ultrasonication for 60 min.Flavonoids contain a benzopyran ring structure and react with aluminum nitrate in a potassium acetate environment to form a yellow complex.The absorbance of this complex was measured at 420 nm for quantitative determination.[Results]The method exhibited a good linear relationship within the range of 0.2-1.0 mg.The limit of detection(LOD)was 0.05 g/100 g,and the limit of quantification(LOQ)was 0.3 g/100 g.When the spiked amount of total flavonoids was in the range of 0.3% to 1.0%,the spike recovery rates were 99.3% to 103.4%,and the relative standard deviations(RSD s)were less than 3.0%.[Conclusions]This method offers advantages such as rapidness,accuracy,good stability,and high sensitivity,and can be used for the detection of total flavonoid content in milk powder.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.7222261)CAMS Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences(No.2022-I2M-1-015)。
文摘The objective of this study was to predict,screen,synthesize,and investigate cocrystals of poorly soluble flavonoids that are commonly found in dietary supplements with bipolar compound picolinic acid(PA).To improve the efficiency and success rate of experimental screening,two virtual tools based on hydrogen bond propensity(HBP)and modified molecular electrostatic potential(MEP)maps were used.The prediction accuracy of HBP and MEP is 58.82%and 94.11%,respectively,presenting that the MEP model is very powerful in the discovery of pharmaceutical cocrystals.Among the 12 successfully obtained cocrystals,4 single crystals of PA with luteolin(LUT),genistein(GEN),taxifolin(TAX),dihydromyricetin(DHM)were obtained for the first time.Charged-assisted O-H…O and N-H…O hydrogen bonds appear as main hydrogen bonding synthons,and PA adopts a zwitterionic form after cocrystallization.GEN-PA,TAX-PA,and DHM-PA showed higher DPPH'radical-scavenging capacities;LUT-PA and DHM-PA showed higher ABTS^(+)radical-scavenging capacities;GEN-PA and DHM-PA possessed better protective effects on H9c2 cells from hypoxic injury caused by CoCl_(2)than corresponding pure flavonoids.
基金Supported by Shanghai Putuo District R&D Platform Project(2024QX04).
文摘[Objectives]To explore the effects of fermentation process on the content and functions of flavonoids in Gardenia jasminoides.[Methods]G.jasminoides was fermented by microorganisms,and the fermentation process of total flavonoids from G.jasminoides was optimized,and the antioxidant activity and hyaluronidase inhibitory activity of the fermentation broth were tested.[Results]The best strain for fermentation of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides was Bacillus subtilis.The optimum fermentation conditions were as follows:the solid-liquid ratio was 1:30,the inoculation amount was 2%,and the fermentation time was 24 h.Under these fermentation conditions,the content of total flavonoids in G.jasminoides reached 36.90 mg/g,which was 45.22%higher than that of the control group without microbial fermentation,and it had good DPPH free radical and hydroxyl free radical scavenging ability,and the inhibition ability of hyaluronidase after fermentation was also improved.[Conclusions]This study provides a technical reference for the comprehensive application of G.jasminoides.
基金supported by the Shandong Provincial Traditional Chinese Medicine Science and Technology Project“Study on the mechanism of Astragalus polysaccharide inhibiting the occurrence of liver fibrosis through PD-1 regulating NK cell function(2020Q004)”Shandong Provincial Medical and Health Science and Technology Development Project“Mechanism of STAT3 inhibition of liver fibrosis by regulating PD-1+NK cells(202002070991)”Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province“Astragalus polysaccharides inhibit liver fibrosis by regulating CD49a+NK cells(ZR2022QH111).”。
文摘Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)has been a major global public health issue due to its high prevalence,disability,and mortality rates.The pathogenesis of COPD is complex and remains incompletely understood,compounded by a lack of specific and effective clinical therapies.Key pathophysiological mechanisms include oxidative stress,inflammation,programmed cell death,and fibrosis,influenced by external risk factors such as cigarette smoke and internal factors like immune deficiency.Natural flavonoids emerge as promising adjuvant treatments or potential drug candidates for COPD,attributed to their multi-target properties and low toxicity.This article provides an overview of various types and sources of natural flavonoids that exhibit therapeutic effects on COPD,their specific pharmacological actions and detailed mechanisms of action.This review aims to serve as a reference for adjuvant treatment strategies in daily dietary practices and to inspire novel drug candidates for COPD.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32271695)the Science and Technology Program of Gulang County,Gansu Province(GL2302YFN006)+2 种基金the Youth Science and Technology Talent Innovation Project of Lanzhou City(2023-QN-140)the Strategic Biological Resources Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-BRP-007-015)the Development of Scientific and Technological Innovation Special Fund Competitive Project of Gansu Province(Y939BD1001).
文摘Agriophyllum squarrosum(L.)Moq.,commonly known as sandrice,is an annual medicinal plant prevalent in the dunes across China's deserts.A garden trial revealed that flavonoid content varies among sandrice ecotypes due to long-term local adaptation to water variability.To investigate how sandrice responds to drought stress through the molecular metabolic regulation of flavonoids,we employed transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses during a 9-d ambient drought stress,examining three ecotypes along a precipitation gradient.The three ecotypes located in Dengkou(DK)County,Dulan(DL)County,and Aerxiang(AEX)village of northern China,which had 137,263,and 485 mm precipitation,respectively.Soil moisture content was 4.04%after drought stress,causing seedlings of the three sandrice ecotypes to display collapsed structures,yellowing leaves,wilting,and curling.Among these,DL exhibited superior drought tolerance,in which plant height increase(PHI)and leaf area(LA)were significantly higher than those of DK and AEX.Flavonoid-targeted metabolomics identified that rutin,isoquercitrin,and astragalin constituted over 95.00%of the 15 flavonoid metabolites detected.A total of 12 differentially accumulated flavonoids(DAFs)were found,with rutin being the most abundant(1231.57-2859.34 ng/100 mg fresh weight(FW)),showing a gradual increase along the precipitation gradient.Transcriptomic analysis revealed 14 common differentially expressed genes(DEGs)associated with flavonoid synthesis among the three ecotypes.Integrative analysis of DEGs and DAFs indicated that sandrice adapts to drought stress by activating different flavonoid synthesis pathways.In DK,the dihydrokaempferol-dihydroquercetin pathway,regulated by flavonoid 3'-monooxygenase(CYP75B1),likely enhances drought adaptation.In AEX,transcriptional repression by O-methylatransferase(OMT)shifts the metabolic flux from the quercetin-isorhamnetin pathway to the quercetin-isoquercetin-rutin pathway in response to drought.DL,the most droughttolerant ecotype,appears to activate the naringenin-apigenin-luteolin route and employs a unique flavonoid accumulation pattern in response to drought stress.Our data reveal that flavonoid synthesis in sandrice is fine-tuned among ecotypes to cope with drought,offering valuable germplasm resources and evaluation methods for sandrice acclimation and providing insights into drought response in non-model plants.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFC1600802)Henan Provincial Science and Technology Research Project,China(No.232102110134)the National and Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of High Efficiency and Superior-Quality Cultivation and Fruit Deep Processing Technology of Characteristic Fruit Trees in South Xinjiang of China(No.FE202303).
文摘In plants, transcription factor (TF) family LATERAL ORGAN BOUNDARIES DOMAIN (LBD) has been identified to be involved in the ripening and senescence processes of fruits. However, the function of LBD in Hylocereus undatus (Haw.) Britton & Rose (H. undatus) has not been reported yet. Through transcriptomic analysis, virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, and RT-qPCR validation, we investigated the role of the LBD TFs in the senescence of H. undatus. Transcriptomic analysis revealed that HuLBD1 is a key transcription factor of the LBD family regulating H. undatus senescence. After silencing HuLBD1, 5075 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. GSEA results showed that these DEGs were mainly enriched in the phenylpropanoids and flavonoid biosynthesis pathway. The leading subset of genes in these two pathways included 16 DEGs, with four upregulated genes, HuCHS1-2, HuFLS1, HuCYP75B2, and HuCHS5-2 being central in the Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. H. undatus phenotypic experiments confirmed that silencing HuLBD1 significantly increased the flavonoid content in the fruit peel, and RT-qPCR validation showed that the gene expression trends were consistent with the RNA-seq data. The study indicated that HuLBD1 likely delays the fruit senescence process by negatively regulating the expression of four key genes, including HuCHS1-2, thus promoting the synthesis of phenylpropanoids such as flavonoids. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the HuLBD1 TF plays an important role in the senescence of H. undatus fruit, providing a theoretical basis for postharvest senescence control.
基金Innovative Team Project of Ordinary Universities in Guangdong Province(No.2022KCXTD016).
文摘Chemotherapy-induced toxicity(CIT)remains a major concern in cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.New approaches to ameliorate the side effects of chemotherapy are urgently needed.Recently,the nutritional value of citrus fruits has attracted wide attention.Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin are the main active components in citrus fruits.Hesperidin and hesperetin have a wide range of pharmacological activities,including antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.This review aims to provide insights into the potential application of citrus flavonoids in CIT and summarize the underlying mechanisms of hesperidin and hesperetin in alleviating CIT.We have collected and collated relevant scientific articles on hesperidin and hesperetin and their treatment of CIT from different scientific databases.Hesperidin and its glycosides can reduce the toxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs,and their therapeutic effects are mainly through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects.At present,modern medical treatment is the main treatment method for CIT,but hesperidin,as an extract of food and medicinal materials,can greatly alleviate CIT.While killing tumor cells,chemotherapeutic drugs also damage normal cells leading to toxic effect on various organs.The pathological mechanism of CIT has not been fully elucidated,but current evidences indicate that cellular stress plays a key role.The citrus flavonoids hesperidin and hesperetin have the protective effect against CIT,highlighting its potential as an adjuvant in chemotherapy regimens.Hesperidin may also have synergistic anti-tumor activity with chemotherapeutic agents.We believe that more functional foods and anti-CIT drugs based on natural foods will be developed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U2002204 and 32272725)the China National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2022YFF1002500)+2 种基金the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2024M753583)the Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research(Grant No.2021B0301030004)Natural Science Foundation of Henan(Grant No.222300420109)。
文摘Potato(Solanum tuberosum)is a globally important staple crop.However,cultivated potato varieties are highly sensitive to low temperatures.The molecular mechanisms underlying freezing resistance in potatoes remain poorly understood.Through comparative metabolome and transcriptome analyses of freezing-tolerant(CM,Solanum commersonii)and freezing-sensitive(DM,DM1-3516R44)varieties,we identified a coldinduced UDP-glycosyltransferase gene,ScUGT73B4,which is associated with the accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids in wild CM varieties.Overexpression of ScUGT73B4 led to increased accumulation of glycosylated flavonoids and enhanced antioxidant capacity,resulting in improved freezing tolerance in potato plantlets.These findings reveal a UDP-glycosyltransferase in the flavonoid pathway and offer a potential valuable genetic resource for breeding potatoes with improved freezing tolerance.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31560459)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation(20224ACB205014)The Double Thousands Talents Plan of Jiangxi(jxsq2018102075,jxsq2018102076)。
文摘Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD)is a chronic gastrointestinal disease with a high incidence.Treatment for IBD includes medications and diet,and common anti-inflammatory medications have limitations like drug resistance and serious adverse effects.Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that dietary flavonoids exhibit an alleviative effect on IBD by influencing gut microbiota.The microbiota-derived metabolites also regulate IBD and maintain intestinal homeostasis.In this review,we investigate the therapeutic effect of gut microbiota and metabolites on IBD by intestinal immune and intestinal barrier function.We demonstrate the underlying mechanism of dietary flavonoids as an anti-inflammatory molecule alleviating IBD by regulating gut microbiota,short chain fatty acid(SCFA),bile acid(BA),tryptophan(Trp)metabolism and lipopolysaccharides(LPS)-toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)signaling pathway.Based on structural differences of flavonoids,we summarize the recent research progress on the role of different dietary flavonoids in alleviating IBD by gut microbiota and metabolites in animal and clinical trials.This review indicates that dietary flavonoids targeting gut microbiota and metabolites provide a promising strategy for the treatment of inflammation and novel insights into the management of IBD.
基金funded by the grant for Evaluation of Functional Property,Processing and Utilization of Xinjiang Characteristic Plant Resources(G2023046003L)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Outstanding Youth Science Fund project(2024D01E11)+1 种基金National Nature Science Fund of China(82060788)Hebei Natural Science Foundation(C2022204167).
文摘Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.,an edible flowering plant,belongs to the Chrysanthemum family and is mainly grown at high altitudes in Northwestern China.It is rich in polyphenolic compounds,particularly marein and flavomarein,and possesses multiple health-promoting properties,such as antioxidant,hypoglycemic and vasorelaxant effects.Previous bioactivity investigations majorly focused on C.tinctoria and its crude extract.The aim of the present study was to prepare marein-dominant C.tinctoria flavonoids(CF),further investigate the CF protective effects of liver fibrosis induced by carbon tetrachloride and elucidate the associated molecular mechanisms.Results have demonstrated that CF effectively attenuated hepatofibrogenesis by increasing the activity of glutathione(GSH)and superoxide dismutase(SOD);suppressing the hepatic stellate cell(HSC)activation,inhibiting transforming growth factorβ(TGF-β)activation and the production ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),alleviating the phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2(ERK1/2)and small mothers against decapentaplegic1/2(Smad1/2),thus maintaining the collagen metabolic homeostasis in the liver.Our study revealed that CF possesses an efficacious protective effect against chronic hepatic fibrosis due to their strong inhibitory effects of oxidative stress and chronic inflammation.
