Objective The influence of cocoa flavanols(CFs)on cognitive functions in human has been investigated in some clinical trials,but the results are inconclusive.We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis of rand...Objective The influence of cocoa flavanols(CFs)on cognitive functions in human has been investigated in some clinical trials,but the results are inconclusive.We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)to figure out whether CFs intervention have a positive effect on cognitive functions.Methods A comprehensive literature search of articles published until June 2019 was performed in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Medline,and Web of Science.Weighted mean difference(WMD)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated to reflect the size of the combined effect.Random effect models were used for all analyses.Results A total of 9 RCT studies were finally enrolled in this meta-analysis.CFs has no notable effect on Trail Making Test-A(TMT-A)(WMD:-5.75s,95%CI:-16.71-5.21),which reflects the shifting subdomain of executive function and global executive function.CFs has no significant effect on Trail Making Test-B(TMT-B)(WMD:-11.32s,95%CI:-26.14-3.50),which reflects another specific aspect of the shifting subdomain.Gross cognitive changed as measured by mini mental state examination(MMSE)which consists of a series of items covering cognitive functions except for the executive function domain,but significantly associated with composite z score of several subdomains tests of executive function(WSD:0.40s,95%CI:0.29-0.46).Conclusion This study suggests CFs may have a positive effect on cognitive function,especially executive function.However,large scale and high quality RCTs are needed to further confirm/refute this conclusion.展开更多
α-Glucosidase and lipase inhibitors play important roles in the treatment of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia. To identify novel naturally occurring inhibitors, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical research was performe...α-Glucosidase and lipase inhibitors play important roles in the treatment of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia. To identify novel naturally occurring inhibitors, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical research was performed on the pu-erh tea. One new flavanol, named(–)-epicatechin-3-O-(Z)-coumarate(1), and 16 known analogs(2–17) were isolated from the aqueous extract of the pu-erh tea. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Furthermore, the water extract of pu-erh tea and its fractions exhibited inhibitory activities against α-glucosidases and lipases in vitro;compound 15 showed moderate inhibitory effect against sucrase with an IC_(50) value of 32.5 μmol/L and significant inhibitory effect against maltase with an IC_(50) value of 1.3 μmol/L. Compounds 8, 10, 11 and15 displayed moderate activity against a lipase with IC_(50) values of 16.0, 13.6, 19.8, and 13.3 μmol/L,respectively.展开更多
[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using hi...[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.[Result]The results showed that eight flavanols and four to five flavonols were detected,no anthocyanins was detected.The contents of flavonoids were differnt in four varieties.The contents of flavanols（11 mg/g） and flavonols（1.78 mg/g） in＇Dabailing＇ were one-time higher than other varieties.Quercetin 3 rutinoside was the major flavonol.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis for further study on mechanism of Jujube pigment turnning into the red.展开更多
In this work, a grape phenolic extract obtained by methanol extraction has been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting the growth of different strains and species of Campylobacter, one of the most important bacter...In this work, a grape phenolic extract obtained by methanol extraction has been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting the growth of different strains and species of Campylobacter, one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Noteworthily, it was particularly effective against several strains presenting multiple antibiotic resistances. In all cases, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower than 300 mg GAE/L, being of 60 mg GAE/L for one of the most resistant strains (C. coli LP2), while the others were between 120 mg GAE/L and 180 mg GAE/L. The analytical study of the main phenolic compounds in the grape extract revealed that it was mainly constituted by catechins (85.7%) and phenolic acids (13.7%). However, experiments developed using pure standards demonstrate that phenolic acids (such as gallic, p-hidroxibenzoic, vanillic, and homovanillic acids) were the most active, provoking a Campylobacter growth decrease between 6.7 and 7.6 log, while epicatechin was the only catechin with activity as pure compound (1 log of growth decrease).展开更多
Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. ...Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. The objective of the present paper is to produce healthful and disease preventive beverages based on ＂Saperavi＂ red wine and bilberries, using grape juice concentrate and stevioside, a natural sweetener, instead of saccharose. The technology is based on the removal of alcohol at a low temperature and low pressure. In these conditions about 50% of moisture is evaporated. The extract is then diluted with 0.25% of stevioside liquid and the ratio is 1：1. The working name is ＂Saperavi-S＂. Bilberry juice is added to this beverage at the ratio of 1： l in order to enrich it with biologically active substances. The working name of this beverage is ＂Marnidan＂. The products have high contents of phenolic compounds, mainly-anthocyanins. The main idea of technology uses bilberry juice with grape juice concentrate. Bilberries have quite high antioxidant activity, amounting to 55% against l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. It is the first time we have produced a beverage based on dealcoholized red wine, stevioside and bilberry juice. This beverage is of special importance in terms of its disease-preventive qualities, including prevention of diabetes, one of the most widespread chronic diseases.展开更多
A novel flavanol bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C-C bonding,named brainin A（1）,was isolated from the rhizomes of Brainea insignis.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data incl...A novel flavanol bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C-C bonding,named brainin A（1）,was isolated from the rhizomes of Brainea insignis.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data including 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.展开更多
<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological comp...<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 μM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.</span> </div>展开更多
Two new flavanol derivatives, bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C--C bonding, named brainin B （1） and brainin C （2）, were isolated from Brainea insignis. Their structures were elucidated by NMR ...Two new flavanol derivatives, bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C--C bonding, named brainin B （1） and brainin C （2）, were isolated from Brainea insignis. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectrometry, Brainins B and C were tested for their antioxidant properties in DPPH （2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl- hydrazyl） radical scavenging, and both compounds displayed potent antioxidant activities.展开更多
The discovery of novel flavonoids and elucidation of their biosynthesis are fundamental to understanding their roles in plants and their benefits for human and animal health.Here,we report a new pathway for polymeriza...The discovery of novel flavonoids and elucidation of their biosynthesis are fundamental to understanding their roles in plants and their benefits for human and animal health.Here,we report a new pathway for polymerization of a group of novel oligomeric flavonoids in plants.We engineered red cells for discovering genes of interest involved in the flavonoid pathway and identified a gene encoding a novel flavanol polymerase(FP)localized in the central vacuole.FP catalyzes the polymerization of flavanols,such as epicatechin and catechin,to produce yellowish dimers or oligomers.Structural elucidation shows that these compounds feature a novel oligomeric flaven–flavan(FF)skeleton linked by interflavan–flaven and interflaven bonds,distinguishing them from proanthocyanidins and dehydrodicatechins.Detailed chemical and physical characterizations further confirmed the novel FFs as flavonoids.Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that FP polymerizes flavan-3-ols and flav-2-en-3-ol carbocation,forming dimeric or oligomeric flaven-4→8-flavans,which we term“papanridins.”Data from transgenic experiments,mutant analysis,metabolic profiling,and phylogenetic analyses show that the biosynthesis of papanridins is prevalent in cacao,grape,blueberry,corn,rice,Arabidopsis,and other species in the plant kingdom.In summary,our study discoveries a group of novel oligomeric flavonoids,namely papanridins,and reveals that a novel FP-mediated polymerization mechanism for the biosynthesis of papanridins in plants.展开更多
文摘Objective The influence of cocoa flavanols(CFs)on cognitive functions in human has been investigated in some clinical trials,but the results are inconclusive.We conduct this systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials(RCTs)to figure out whether CFs intervention have a positive effect on cognitive functions.Methods A comprehensive literature search of articles published until June 2019 was performed in PubMed,Cochrane Library,Medline,and Web of Science.Weighted mean difference(WMD)and 95%confidence interval(95%CI)were calculated to reflect the size of the combined effect.Random effect models were used for all analyses.Results A total of 9 RCT studies were finally enrolled in this meta-analysis.CFs has no notable effect on Trail Making Test-A(TMT-A)(WMD:-5.75s,95%CI:-16.71-5.21),which reflects the shifting subdomain of executive function and global executive function.CFs has no significant effect on Trail Making Test-B(TMT-B)(WMD:-11.32s,95%CI:-26.14-3.50),which reflects another specific aspect of the shifting subdomain.Gross cognitive changed as measured by mini mental state examination(MMSE)which consists of a series of items covering cognitive functions except for the executive function domain,but significantly associated with composite z score of several subdomains tests of executive function(WSD:0.40s,95%CI:0.29-0.46).Conclusion This study suggests CFs may have a positive effect on cognitive function,especially executive function.However,large scale and high quality RCTs are needed to further confirm/refute this conclusion.
基金supported by grants from National Mega–Project for Innovative Drugs(2012ZX09301002-002)
文摘α-Glucosidase and lipase inhibitors play important roles in the treatment of hyperglycaemia and dyslipidemia. To identify novel naturally occurring inhibitors, a bioactivity-guided phytochemical research was performed on the pu-erh tea. One new flavanol, named(–)-epicatechin-3-O-(Z)-coumarate(1), and 16 known analogs(2–17) were isolated from the aqueous extract of the pu-erh tea. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Furthermore, the water extract of pu-erh tea and its fractions exhibited inhibitory activities against α-glucosidases and lipases in vitro;compound 15 showed moderate inhibitory effect against sucrase with an IC_(50) value of 32.5 μmol/L and significant inhibitory effect against maltase with an IC_(50) value of 1.3 μmol/L. Compounds 8, 10, 11 and15 displayed moderate activity against a lipase with IC_(50) values of 16.0, 13.6, 19.8, and 13.3 μmol/L,respectively.
基金Supported by National Key Technology R & D Program 2006BAD01A1701 and 2006BAD18B02Shandong Agriculture Good Cultivar Engineering Project (2008LZ09)~~
文摘[Objective]The aim was to identify the composition of pigments from Jujube fruit skin.[Method]Pigments were extracted from＇Lubei Dongzao＇,＇Lajiao Zao＇,＇Chengwu Dongzao＇,＇Dabailing＇and identificated by using high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（HPLC-MS）.[Result]The results showed that eight flavanols and four to five flavonols were detected,no anthocyanins was detected.The contents of flavonoids were differnt in four varieties.The contents of flavanols（11 mg/g） and flavonols（1.78 mg/g） in＇Dabailing＇ were one-time higher than other varieties.Quercetin 3 rutinoside was the major flavonol.[Conclusion]The research provided theoretical basis for further study on mechanism of Jujube pigment turnning into the red.
文摘In this work, a grape phenolic extract obtained by methanol extraction has been demonstrated to be effective in inhibiting the growth of different strains and species of Campylobacter, one of the most important bacterial foodborne pathogens causing gastroenteritis worldwide. Noteworthily, it was particularly effective against several strains presenting multiple antibiotic resistances. In all cases, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was lower than 300 mg GAE/L, being of 60 mg GAE/L for one of the most resistant strains (C. coli LP2), while the others were between 120 mg GAE/L and 180 mg GAE/L. The analytical study of the main phenolic compounds in the grape extract revealed that it was mainly constituted by catechins (85.7%) and phenolic acids (13.7%). However, experiments developed using pure standards demonstrate that phenolic acids (such as gallic, p-hidroxibenzoic, vanillic, and homovanillic acids) were the most active, provoking a Campylobacter growth decrease between 6.7 and 7.6 log, while epicatechin was the only catechin with activity as pure compound (1 log of growth decrease).
文摘Fruit processing is the appropriative way to augment fruit intake. The present paper shows production technology, which is based on the characteristics of selected raw materials and does not use sugar （saccharose）. The objective of the present paper is to produce healthful and disease preventive beverages based on ＂Saperavi＂ red wine and bilberries, using grape juice concentrate and stevioside, a natural sweetener, instead of saccharose. The technology is based on the removal of alcohol at a low temperature and low pressure. In these conditions about 50% of moisture is evaporated. The extract is then diluted with 0.25% of stevioside liquid and the ratio is 1：1. The working name is ＂Saperavi-S＂. Bilberry juice is added to this beverage at the ratio of 1： l in order to enrich it with biologically active substances. The working name of this beverage is ＂Marnidan＂. The products have high contents of phenolic compounds, mainly-anthocyanins. The main idea of technology uses bilberry juice with grape juice concentrate. Bilberries have quite high antioxidant activity, amounting to 55% against l,l-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl. It is the first time we have produced a beverage based on dealcoholized red wine, stevioside and bilberry juice. This beverage is of special importance in terms of its disease-preventive qualities, including prevention of diabetes, one of the most widespread chronic diseases.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.30560178 and 20964005)by a program for New Century Excellent Talents in University from MOE(No.NCET-08-0925)a grant from Education Department of Yunnan Province(No.08Y10302)
文摘A novel flavanol bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C-C bonding,named brainin A（1）,was isolated from the rhizomes of Brainea insignis.Its structure was elucidated on the basis of spectral data including 2D NMR and HR-ESI-MS.
文摘<div style="text-align:justify;"> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Enteroviruses are responsible for emerging diseases which cause diverse symptoms and may result in neurological complications. An antiviral with multiple mechanisms of action can help prevent enterovirus mediated disease despite differences in the pathogenesis between enteroviruses, including the recently identified enterovirus 69 (EV-69) for which pathogenesis is not well understood. This study investigated the efficacy of epigallocatechin-3-gallate stearate (EGCG-S), a modified form of the antioxidant green tea catechin epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), in inhibiting EV-69 infection of lung fibroblast cells </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Treatment with EGCG-S resulted in moderate protection from EV-69 mediated cytotoxicity as demonstrated by increased metabolic activity as well as maintenance of cell morphology and mitochondrial function. These effects were correlated with reduced hydrogen peroxide production in infected cells following EGCG-S treatment with concentrations less than 100 μM, suggesting a role for inhibition of EV-69 mediated oxidative stress. This study provides insight into characteristics of EV-69 infection as well as the efficacy of EGCG-S mediated inhibition of EV-69 infection.</span> </div>
文摘Two new flavanol derivatives, bearing phenylpropionic acid moiety at C-4 through a C--C bonding, named brainin B （1） and brainin C （2）, were isolated from Brainea insignis. Their structures were elucidated by NMR and MS spectrometry, Brainins B and C were tested for their antioxidant properties in DPPH （2,2-diphenyl-l-picryl- hydrazyl） radical scavenging, and both compounds displayed potent antioxidant activities.
基金funded by the US Department of Agriculture 526614-09725(D.-Y.X.)in 2006.
文摘The discovery of novel flavonoids and elucidation of their biosynthesis are fundamental to understanding their roles in plants and their benefits for human and animal health.Here,we report a new pathway for polymerization of a group of novel oligomeric flavonoids in plants.We engineered red cells for discovering genes of interest involved in the flavonoid pathway and identified a gene encoding a novel flavanol polymerase(FP)localized in the central vacuole.FP catalyzes the polymerization of flavanols,such as epicatechin and catechin,to produce yellowish dimers or oligomers.Structural elucidation shows that these compounds feature a novel oligomeric flaven–flavan(FF)skeleton linked by interflavan–flaven and interflaven bonds,distinguishing them from proanthocyanidins and dehydrodicatechins.Detailed chemical and physical characterizations further confirmed the novel FFs as flavonoids.Mechanistic investigations demonstrated that FP polymerizes flavan-3-ols and flav-2-en-3-ol carbocation,forming dimeric or oligomeric flaven-4→8-flavans,which we term“papanridins.”Data from transgenic experiments,mutant analysis,metabolic profiling,and phylogenetic analyses show that the biosynthesis of papanridins is prevalent in cacao,grape,blueberry,corn,rice,Arabidopsis,and other species in the plant kingdom.In summary,our study discoveries a group of novel oligomeric flavonoids,namely papanridins,and reveals that a novel FP-mediated polymerization mechanism for the biosynthesis of papanridins in plants.
