The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis techn...The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis technique. Experimental results show that the excited triplet of AQS （3AQS＊） could react rapidly with H2O and the transient absorption spectra greatly changed by increasing the volume fraction of the ionic liquid （VIL） in [BPy][BF4]/H2O mixtures. The absorbance at 510 nm increased gradually with increasing VIL when 0〈VIL〈0.1. By contrast, the absorbance decreased gradually when VIL〉0.1. Otherwise, the absorbance of the band near 380 nm steadily increased. The apparent kinetic parameters of transient species B and ^3AQS＊ are obtained approximately. 3AQS＊ abstracting hydrogen from [BPy]＋ was also explored. It was deduced that the 350-420 nm band was the superposition of the peaks of 3AQS＊ and AQSH＇. The two reactions of 3AQS＊ with [BPy][BF4] and H2O are a pair of competitive reactions. We also concluded that the entire reaction processes slow down in the case of high [BPy] [BF4] concentrations.展开更多
Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quanti...Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quantitative and systematic analysis of data is necessary.Particularly,the FLASH effect response model to the dose or dose rate is still unclear.This study investigated the relationships between the FLASH effect and experimental parameters,such as dose,dose rate,and other factors by analyzing published in vivo experimental data from animal models.The data were modeled based on logistic regression analysis using the sigmoid function.The model was evaluated using prediction accuracy,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve.Results showed that the FLASH effect was closely related to the dose,mean dose rate,tissue type,and corresponding biological endpoints.The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering cognitive protection in the brain was 45 Gy s^(-1).The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering intestinal crypt survival and regeneration was 140 Gy s^(-1).For the skin toxicity effect,the dose corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering the FLASH effect was 24 Gy.This study helps to characterize the conditions underlying the FLASH effect and provides important information for optimizing experiments.展开更多
Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic mo...Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic modelling,namely from the HEC-RAS/HEC-GeoRAS software.The GIS spatial analysis performed in this study seeks to explain and quantify the spatial relationships between the stream channel features and flow components during flash flood events.Despite these relationships are generically known,there are few studies exploring this subject in different geographic contexts.A 1D hydraulic model was applied in a small watershed in Portugal,providing good results in the definition of floodable areas,water depths and longitudinal velocities.No direct relationship was found between water depths and velocities in the floodable areas;however,negative strong correlations were found between the two flow components along the stream centerlines.Bed slope,channel and flood width,and roughness prove to be highly relevant on the longitudinal variations of water depths and velocities and on the location of maximum values.Increasing peak discharges and return periods(R;)can change the relationships between water depths and velocities at the same location.Results can be improved with more accurate elevation data for stream channels and floodplains.展开更多
Process heating constitutes a significant share of final energy consumption in the industrial sector around the world.In this paper,a high-temperature heat pump(HTHP)using flash tank vapor injection technology(FTVI)is...Process heating constitutes a significant share of final energy consumption in the industrial sector around the world.In this paper,a high-temperature heat pump(HTHP)using flash tank vapor injection technology(FTVI)is proposed to develop low-temperature geothermal source for industrial process heating with temperature above 100°C.With heat sink output temperatures between 120°C and 150°C,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system using R1234ze(Z)as refrigerant is analyzed and also compared to the single-stage vapor compression(SSVC)system by employing the developed mathematical model.The coefficient of performance(COP),exergy efficiency(ηexe),net present value(NPV)and payback period(PBP)are used as performance indicators.The results show that under the typical working conditions,the COP andηexe of FTVI HTHP system are 3.00 and 59.66%,respectively,and the corresponding NPV and PBP reach 8.13×106 CNY and 4.13 years,respectively.Under the high-temperature heating conditions,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system is significantly better than that of the SSVC system,and the larger the temperature lift,the greater the thermo-economic advantage of the FTVI HTHP system.Additionally,the FTVI HTHP system is more capable than the SSVC system in absorbing the financial risks associated with changes of electricity price and natural gas price.展开更多
This study evaluates the uncertainty involved in the determination of the flash flood guidance(FFG) of the flash flood warning system(FFWS) for a small mountainous region(FFWS_MR)in Korea. The sensitivity is evaluated...This study evaluates the uncertainty involved in the determination of the flash flood guidance(FFG) of the flash flood warning system(FFWS) for a small mountainous region(FFWS_MR)in Korea. The sensitivity is evaluated both at each step to determine the FFG and for all steps together. The results show that the relative difference of the FFG is about 50% of the current system, most of which involves the channel width. Especially, the use of some specific empirical equations to estimate the major parameters results in a considerable amount of the relative difference of the FFG. In addition, though only four basins were field-surveyed, it is found that the indirect estimation of the major parameters always introduces some amount of additional uncertainty. In conclusion, accurate estimation of the major parameters must be the most important procedure to derive an accurate FFG, among which the channel cross-section at the exit of the basin lies at the center.展开更多
A kind of 3D color graphics display system for the STL model is developed by calling the functions from Open GL graphic library through VC++6.0 under the Windows environment in this paper. The STL model is a high qual...A kind of 3D color graphics display system for the STL model is developed by calling the functions from Open GL graphic library through VC++6.0 under the Windows environment in this paper. The STL model is a high quality one that can be quiescent or animated. This system is conducive to find out the disfigurement of the STL model in a rapid prototyping process and to repair it. Therefore, the component quality can be enhanced.展开更多
BACKGROUND Commonly used glucocorticoids replacement regimens in patients with hypopituitarism have difficulty mimicking physiological cortisol rhythms and are usually accompanied by risks of over-treatment,with adver...BACKGROUND Commonly used glucocorticoids replacement regimens in patients with hypopituitarism have difficulty mimicking physiological cortisol rhythms and are usually accompanied by risks of over-treatment,with adverse effects on glucose metabolism.Disorders associated with glucose metabolism are established risk factors of cardiovascular events,one of the life-threatening ramifications.AIM To investigate the glycometabolism profile in patients with hypopituitarism receiving prednisone(Pred)replacement,and to clarify the impacts of different Pred doses on glycometabolism and consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.METHODS Twenty patients with hypopituitarism receiving Pred replacement[patient group(PG)]and 20 normal controls(NCs)were recruited.A flash glucose monitoring system was used to record continuous glucose levels during the day,which provided information on glucose-target-rate,glucose variability(GV),period glucose level,and hypoglycemia occurrence at certain periods.Islet β-cell function was also assessed.Based on the administered Pred dose per day,the PG was then regrouped into Pred>5 mg/d and Pred≤5 mg/d subgroups.Comparative analysis was carried out between the PG and NCs.RESULTS Significantly altered glucose metabolism profiles were identified in the PG.This includes significant reductions in glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with elevations in GV,hypoglycemia occurrence and postprandial glucose level,when compared with those in NCs.Subgroup analysis indicated more significant glucose metabolism impairment in the Pred>5 mg/d group,including significantly decreased glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with increased GV,hypoglycemia occurrence,and postprandial glucose level.With regard to islet β-cell function,PG showed significant difference in homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-β compared with that of NCs;a notable difference in HOMA-βwas identified in Pred>5 mg/d group when compared with those of NCs;as for Pred≤5 mg/d group,significant differences were found in HOMA-β,and fasting glucose/insulin ratio when compared with NCs.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Pred replacement disrupted glycometabolic homeostasis in patients with hypopituitarism.A Pred dose of>5 mg/d seemed to cause more adverse effects on glycometabolism than a dose of≤5 mg/d.Comprehensive and accurate evaluation is necessary to consider a suitable Pred replacement regimen,wherein,flash glucose monitoring system is a kind of promising and reliable assessment device.The present data allows us to thoroughly examine our modern treatment standards,especially in difficult cases such as hormonal replacement mimicking delicate natural cycles,in conditions such as diabetes mellitus that are rapidly growing in worldwide prevalence.展开更多
This work presents NiS/graphene/carbon nanotube （NiS/GNS/CNT） composites as electrode material for the supercapacitor application in sea flashing signal systems. NiS nanosheets were closely anchored on the conductiv...This work presents NiS/graphene/carbon nanotube （NiS/GNS/CNT） composites as electrode material for the supercapacitor application in sea flashing signal systems. NiS nanosheets were closely anchored on the conductive GNS-CNT networks. As a result, the NiS/GNS/CNT electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 2 377 F.g^-1 at 2 mV.s^-1 and good cycling stability compared with the pure NiS （1 599F.g^-1）. The enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to the synergetic effect between the conductive carbon and the pseudo-capacitive NiS. The high performance supercapacitor may provide application in the sea flashing signal system.展开更多
Flash Crowd attacks are a form of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect due to its ability to imitate normal user behavior in Cloud Computing(CC).Botnets are often...Flash Crowd attacks are a form of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect due to its ability to imitate normal user behavior in Cloud Computing(CC).Botnets are often used by attackers to perform a wide range of DDoS attacks.With advancements in technology,bots are now able to simulate DDoS attacks as flash crowd events,making them difficult to detect.When it comes to application layer DDoS attacks,the Flash Crowd attack that occurs during a Flash Event is viewed as the most intricate issue.This is mainly because it can imitate typical user behavior,leading to a substantial influx of requests that can overwhelm the server by consuming either its network bandwidth or resources.Therefore,identifying these types of attacks on web servers has become crucial,particularly in the CC.In this article,an efficient intrusion detection method is proposed based on White Shark Optimizer and ensemble classifier(Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and LighGBM).Experiments were conducted using a CICIDS 2017 dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in real-life situations.The proposed IDS achieved superior results,with 95.84%accuracy,96.15%precision,95.54%recall,and 95.84%F1 measure.Flash crowd attacks are challenging to detect,but the proposed IDS has proven its effectiveness in identifying such attacks in CC and holds potential for future improvement.展开更多
BACKGROUND Multiple studies demonstrate that fluctuating blood glucose level produces greater damage compared with sustained hyperglycemia.Flash glucose monitoring system is an effective method in documenting blood gl...BACKGROUND Multiple studies demonstrate that fluctuating blood glucose level produces greater damage compared with sustained hyperglycemia.Flash glucose monitoring system is an effective method in documenting blood glucose variability,contributing to better glucose management and reduced hypoglycemic event occurrence.AIM To investigate the improvement in glycemic variability(GV),blood glucose level,and metabolic indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after combined treatment of exenatide once weekly(EXQW)and metformin.METHODS Twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from poor blood glucose control under metformin treatment were recruited.The recruited patients were prescribed with oral metformin only(maintaining a dosage of metformin at≥1500 mg/day)for 2 wk(screening period),and then given EXQW(2 mg,subcutaneous injection)for 12 wk(experimental period).The flash glucose monitoring system was used to document blood glucose values during the screening period and the last 2 wk of the experimental period.RESULTS Four patients were excluded for various reasons,yielding a total of 21 patients,including 17 males and 4 females,with an average age of 48.8 years,who completed this study.The estimated glycated hemoglobin,mean blood glucose,fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels,and percentage of blood glucose above 7.8 mmol/L decreased compared to those at baseline(P=0.003,0.003,0.008,0.010,0.014,0.017,and 0.005,respectively),while the percentage of blood glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L significantly increased(P=0.005).Parameters of GV including standard deviation of blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,mean of daily difference,area under the curve difference between percentiles 25 and 75,and area under the curve difference between percentiles 10 and 90 were significantly lower compared to that of baseline(P=0.017,0.006,0.000,0.024,0.036,respectively).The durations of blood glucose below 3.9 mmol/L during the day and nocturnal periods significantly increased after treatment(P=0.041 and 0.028,respectively),but there was no significant increase in severe hypoglycemia(<3.0 mmol/L)compared with that at baseline(P=0.207).In addition,some metabolic indicators improved after EXQW treatment.CONCLUSION EXQW combined with metformin can effectively improve blood glucose levels,reduce GV,and improve metabolic indicators.However,there is still a risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia,and careful attention should be paid to patients with EXQW treatment.展开更多
Flash floods are a natural disaster that occurs annually, especially in the mountainous terrain and steep slopes of northern Thailand. The current flood forecasting systems and tools are available but have low accurac...Flash floods are a natural disaster that occurs annually, especially in the mountainous terrain and steep slopes of northern Thailand. The current flood forecasting systems and tools are available but have low accuracy and efficiency. The numbers of rainfall and runoff stations are less, because the access to the station area is difficult. Additionally, the operation and maintenance costs are high. Hydrological modeling of a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） was used in this study with the application of three days weather forecast from the NWP （numerical weather prediction）, which provided temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine and wind speed. The data from NWP and SWAT were used to simulate the runoff from the Nan River in the last 10 years （2000-2010）. It was found that the simulated flow rate for the main streams using data from NWP were higher than the observations. At the N64 and Nl stations, the ratios of the maximum simulated flow rate to the observations were equal to 108% and 118%, respectively. However, for the tributaries, it was found that the simulated flow rate using NWP data was lower than the observations, but, it was still within the acceptable range of not greater than 20%,6. At N65, D090201 and D090203 stations, the ratio of the maximum simulated flow rate were 90.0%, 83.0% and 86.0%, respectively. This was due to the rainfall from the NWP model being greater than the measured rainfall. The NWP rainfall was distributed all over the area while the rainfall data from the measurements were obtained from specific points. Therefore, the rain from the NWP model is very useful especially for the watershed areas without rain gauge stations. In summary, the data from the NWP can be used with the SWAT model and provides relatively sound results despite the value for the main river being slightly higher than the observed data. Consequently, the output can be used to create a flood map for flash flood warning in the area.展开更多
Objectives: The study was to determine the impact of using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control and the rate of events due to diabetes in people with diabete...Objectives: The study was to determine the impact of using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control and the rate of events due to diabetes in people with diabetes from different types and age groups. Methods: a retrospective cohort chart review study was carried out at three centers in the Taif region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The study was approved by an accredited centralized institutional review board. Paper or electronic medical records were included for individuals of any age with diabetes (type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes) managed with diet, insulin therapy, or/and oral antihyperglycemic medication and/or non-insulin injection therapy. The primary outcome measure was the laboratory HbA1c level as well as reduction. Secondary outcome measures were frequency of severe hypoglycemia, admission to hospital or ER visit related to diabetes complications, and severe hyperglycemia (DKA or HHS). Results: Data was analyzed from 1695 patients. The average HbA1c before using the flash glucose monitoring system was 9.60% ± 1.44% and 3 months HbA1c after using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system was 8.70% + 1.45% for a difference of -0.90% ([95% CI -0.92: -0.88];p 65 years, (p-values Conclusion: The benefits of using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system are self-evident in reducing HbA1c and events due to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.展开更多
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21173002） and the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China （No.1308085MB20）.
文摘The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis technique. Experimental results show that the excited triplet of AQS （3AQS＊） could react rapidly with H2O and the transient absorption spectra greatly changed by increasing the volume fraction of the ionic liquid （VIL） in [BPy][BF4]/H2O mixtures. The absorbance at 510 nm increased gradually with increasing VIL when 0〈VIL〈0.1. By contrast, the absorbance decreased gradually when VIL〉0.1. Otherwise, the absorbance of the band near 380 nm steadily increased. The apparent kinetic parameters of transient species B and ^3AQS＊ are obtained approximately. 3AQS＊ abstracting hydrogen from [BPy]＋ was also explored. It was deduced that the 350-420 nm band was the superposition of the peaks of 3AQS＊ and AQSH＇. The two reactions of 3AQS＊ with [BPy][BF4] and H2O are a pair of competitive reactions. We also concluded that the entire reaction processes slow down in the case of high [BPy] [BF4] concentrations.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2402300)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.12075330)。
文摘Ultrahigh-dose-rate radiotherapy(FLASH-RT)is a revolutionary radiotherapy technology that can spare normal tissues without compromising tumor control.Although qualitative experimental results have been reported,quantitative and systematic analysis of data is necessary.Particularly,the FLASH effect response model to the dose or dose rate is still unclear.This study investigated the relationships between the FLASH effect and experimental parameters,such as dose,dose rate,and other factors by analyzing published in vivo experimental data from animal models.The data were modeled based on logistic regression analysis using the sigmoid function.The model was evaluated using prediction accuracy,receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve,and area under the ROC curve.Results showed that the FLASH effect was closely related to the dose,mean dose rate,tissue type,and corresponding biological endpoints.The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering cognitive protection in the brain was 45 Gy s^(-1).The dose rate corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering intestinal crypt survival and regeneration was 140 Gy s^(-1).For the skin toxicity effect,the dose corresponding to a 50% probability of triggering the FLASH effect was 24 Gy.This study helps to characterize the conditions underlying the FLASH effect and provides important information for optimizing experiments.
基金Centre of Geographical Studies,No.UIDB/00295/2020,No.UIDP/00295/2020FCT–Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology,I.P.,No.SFRH/BD/96632/2013,No.CEEIND/00268/2017Project Be Safe Slide,No.PTDC/GES-AMB/30052/2017。
文摘Water depths and flow velocities decisively influence the damage caused by flash floods.Geographic Information System(GIS)is a powerful and useful tool,allowing the spatial analysis of results obtained by hydraulic modelling,namely from the HEC-RAS/HEC-GeoRAS software.The GIS spatial analysis performed in this study seeks to explain and quantify the spatial relationships between the stream channel features and flow components during flash flood events.Despite these relationships are generically known,there are few studies exploring this subject in different geographic contexts.A 1D hydraulic model was applied in a small watershed in Portugal,providing good results in the definition of floodable areas,water depths and longitudinal velocities.No direct relationship was found between water depths and velocities in the floodable areas;however,negative strong correlations were found between the two flow components along the stream centerlines.Bed slope,channel and flood width,and roughness prove to be highly relevant on the longitudinal variations of water depths and velocities and on the location of maximum values.Increasing peak discharges and return periods(R;)can change the relationships between water depths and velocities at the same location.Results can be improved with more accurate elevation data for stream channels and floodplains.
基金supported by the Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization Science and Technology Innovation Special Fund of Jiangsu Province,China(No.BE2022859)Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(No.2021A1515011763).
文摘Process heating constitutes a significant share of final energy consumption in the industrial sector around the world.In this paper,a high-temperature heat pump(HTHP)using flash tank vapor injection technology(FTVI)is proposed to develop low-temperature geothermal source for industrial process heating with temperature above 100°C.With heat sink output temperatures between 120°C and 150°C,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system using R1234ze(Z)as refrigerant is analyzed and also compared to the single-stage vapor compression(SSVC)system by employing the developed mathematical model.The coefficient of performance(COP),exergy efficiency(ηexe),net present value(NPV)and payback period(PBP)are used as performance indicators.The results show that under the typical working conditions,the COP andηexe of FTVI HTHP system are 3.00 and 59.66%,respectively,and the corresponding NPV and PBP reach 8.13×106 CNY and 4.13 years,respectively.Under the high-temperature heating conditions,the thermo-economic performance of the FTVI HTHP system is significantly better than that of the SSVC system,and the larger the temperature lift,the greater the thermo-economic advantage of the FTVI HTHP system.Additionally,the FTVI HTHP system is more capable than the SSVC system in absorbing the financial risks associated with changes of electricity price and natural gas price.
基金supported by the Korea Environmental Industry & Technology Institute (KEITI) grant funded by the Ministry of Environment (Grant RE201902084)the National Institute for Disaster Prevention (NIDP) grant funded by Ministry of Public Administration and Security (NDMI-Basic-2017-16-01)
文摘This study evaluates the uncertainty involved in the determination of the flash flood guidance(FFG) of the flash flood warning system(FFWS) for a small mountainous region(FFWS_MR)in Korea. The sensitivity is evaluated both at each step to determine the FFG and for all steps together. The results show that the relative difference of the FFG is about 50% of the current system, most of which involves the channel width. Especially, the use of some specific empirical equations to estimate the major parameters results in a considerable amount of the relative difference of the FFG. In addition, though only four basins were field-surveyed, it is found that the indirect estimation of the major parameters always introduces some amount of additional uncertainty. In conclusion, accurate estimation of the major parameters must be the most important procedure to derive an accurate FFG, among which the channel cross-section at the exit of the basin lies at the center.
文摘A kind of 3D color graphics display system for the STL model is developed by calling the functions from Open GL graphic library through VC++6.0 under the Windows environment in this paper. The STL model is a high quality one that can be quiescent or animated. This system is conducive to find out the disfigurement of the STL model in a rapid prototyping process and to repair it. Therefore, the component quality can be enhanced.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770776,No.81973378,and No.82073909The Shanxi Provincial Central Leading Local Science and Technology Development Fund Project,No.YDZJSX2022A059Postgraduate Education Innovation Project of Shanxi Province,No.2022Y354.
文摘BACKGROUND Commonly used glucocorticoids replacement regimens in patients with hypopituitarism have difficulty mimicking physiological cortisol rhythms and are usually accompanied by risks of over-treatment,with adverse effects on glucose metabolism.Disorders associated with glucose metabolism are established risk factors of cardiovascular events,one of the life-threatening ramifications.AIM To investigate the glycometabolism profile in patients with hypopituitarism receiving prednisone(Pred)replacement,and to clarify the impacts of different Pred doses on glycometabolism and consequent adverse cardiovascular outcomes.METHODS Twenty patients with hypopituitarism receiving Pred replacement[patient group(PG)]and 20 normal controls(NCs)were recruited.A flash glucose monitoring system was used to record continuous glucose levels during the day,which provided information on glucose-target-rate,glucose variability(GV),period glucose level,and hypoglycemia occurrence at certain periods.Islet β-cell function was also assessed.Based on the administered Pred dose per day,the PG was then regrouped into Pred>5 mg/d and Pred≤5 mg/d subgroups.Comparative analysis was carried out between the PG and NCs.RESULTS Significantly altered glucose metabolism profiles were identified in the PG.This includes significant reductions in glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with elevations in GV,hypoglycemia occurrence and postprandial glucose level,when compared with those in NCs.Subgroup analysis indicated more significant glucose metabolism impairment in the Pred>5 mg/d group,including significantly decreased glucose-target-rate and nocturnal glucose level,along with increased GV,hypoglycemia occurrence,and postprandial glucose level.With regard to islet β-cell function,PG showed significant difference in homeostasis model assessment(HOMA)-β compared with that of NCs;a notable difference in HOMA-βwas identified in Pred>5 mg/d group when compared with those of NCs;as for Pred≤5 mg/d group,significant differences were found in HOMA-β,and fasting glucose/insulin ratio when compared with NCs.CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that Pred replacement disrupted glycometabolic homeostasis in patients with hypopituitarism.A Pred dose of>5 mg/d seemed to cause more adverse effects on glycometabolism than a dose of≤5 mg/d.Comprehensive and accurate evaluation is necessary to consider a suitable Pred replacement regimen,wherein,flash glucose monitoring system is a kind of promising and reliable assessment device.The present data allows us to thoroughly examine our modern treatment standards,especially in difficult cases such as hormonal replacement mimicking delicate natural cycles,in conditions such as diabetes mellitus that are rapidly growing in worldwide prevalence.
基金Foundation item： Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Nos. 51077014, 21003028 and 51202043）： the Fundamental Research funds for the Central Universities, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-10-0050）, and the Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province of China.
文摘This work presents NiS/graphene/carbon nanotube （NiS/GNS/CNT） composites as electrode material for the supercapacitor application in sea flashing signal systems. NiS nanosheets were closely anchored on the conductive GNS-CNT networks. As a result, the NiS/GNS/CNT electrode showed a high specific capacitance of 2 377 F.g^-1 at 2 mV.s^-1 and good cycling stability compared with the pure NiS （1 599F.g^-1）. The enhanced electrochemical performances are attributed to the synergetic effect between the conductive carbon and the pseudo-capacitive NiS. The high performance supercapacitor may provide application in the sea flashing signal system.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the approval and the support of this research study by grant no.SCIA-2022-11-1551 from the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,K.S.A.
文摘Flash Crowd attacks are a form of Distributed Denial of Service(DDoS)attack that is becoming increasingly difficult to detect due to its ability to imitate normal user behavior in Cloud Computing(CC).Botnets are often used by attackers to perform a wide range of DDoS attacks.With advancements in technology,bots are now able to simulate DDoS attacks as flash crowd events,making them difficult to detect.When it comes to application layer DDoS attacks,the Flash Crowd attack that occurs during a Flash Event is viewed as the most intricate issue.This is mainly because it can imitate typical user behavior,leading to a substantial influx of requests that can overwhelm the server by consuming either its network bandwidth or resources.Therefore,identifying these types of attacks on web servers has become crucial,particularly in the CC.In this article,an efficient intrusion detection method is proposed based on White Shark Optimizer and ensemble classifier(Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)and LighGBM).Experiments were conducted using a CICIDS 2017 dataset to evaluate the performance of the proposed method in real-life situations.The proposed IDS achieved superior results,with 95.84%accuracy,96.15%precision,95.54%recall,and 95.84%F1 measure.Flash crowd attacks are challenging to detect,but the proposed IDS has proven its effectiveness in identifying such attacks in CC and holds potential for future improvement.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81770776 and No.81973378Cultivate Scientific Research Excellence Programs of Higher Education Institutions in Shanxi,No.2019KJ022Special Project for Transformation and Guidance of Scientific and Technological Achievements in Shanxi Province,No.201804D131044.
文摘BACKGROUND Multiple studies demonstrate that fluctuating blood glucose level produces greater damage compared with sustained hyperglycemia.Flash glucose monitoring system is an effective method in documenting blood glucose variability,contributing to better glucose management and reduced hypoglycemic event occurrence.AIM To investigate the improvement in glycemic variability(GV),blood glucose level,and metabolic indexes of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after combined treatment of exenatide once weekly(EXQW)and metformin.METHODS Twenty-five patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus suffering from poor blood glucose control under metformin treatment were recruited.The recruited patients were prescribed with oral metformin only(maintaining a dosage of metformin at≥1500 mg/day)for 2 wk(screening period),and then given EXQW(2 mg,subcutaneous injection)for 12 wk(experimental period).The flash glucose monitoring system was used to document blood glucose values during the screening period and the last 2 wk of the experimental period.RESULTS Four patients were excluded for various reasons,yielding a total of 21 patients,including 17 males and 4 females,with an average age of 48.8 years,who completed this study.The estimated glycated hemoglobin,mean blood glucose,fasting and postprandial blood glucose levels,and percentage of blood glucose above 7.8 mmol/L decreased compared to those at baseline(P=0.003,0.003,0.008,0.010,0.014,0.017,and 0.005,respectively),while the percentage of blood glucose between 3.9 and 7.8 mmol/L significantly increased(P=0.005).Parameters of GV including standard deviation of blood glucose,mean amplitude of glycemic excursions,mean of daily difference,area under the curve difference between percentiles 25 and 75,and area under the curve difference between percentiles 10 and 90 were significantly lower compared to that of baseline(P=0.017,0.006,0.000,0.024,0.036,respectively).The durations of blood glucose below 3.9 mmol/L during the day and nocturnal periods significantly increased after treatment(P=0.041 and 0.028,respectively),but there was no significant increase in severe hypoglycemia(<3.0 mmol/L)compared with that at baseline(P=0.207).In addition,some metabolic indicators improved after EXQW treatment.CONCLUSION EXQW combined with metformin can effectively improve blood glucose levels,reduce GV,and improve metabolic indicators.However,there is still a risk of nocturnal hypoglycemia,and careful attention should be paid to patients with EXQW treatment.
文摘Flash floods are a natural disaster that occurs annually, especially in the mountainous terrain and steep slopes of northern Thailand. The current flood forecasting systems and tools are available but have low accuracy and efficiency. The numbers of rainfall and runoff stations are less, because the access to the station area is difficult. Additionally, the operation and maintenance costs are high. Hydrological modeling of a SWAT （Soil and Water Assessment Tool） was used in this study with the application of three days weather forecast from the NWP （numerical weather prediction）, which provided temperature, relative humidity, rainfall, sunshine and wind speed. The data from NWP and SWAT were used to simulate the runoff from the Nan River in the last 10 years （2000-2010）. It was found that the simulated flow rate for the main streams using data from NWP were higher than the observations. At the N64 and Nl stations, the ratios of the maximum simulated flow rate to the observations were equal to 108% and 118%, respectively. However, for the tributaries, it was found that the simulated flow rate using NWP data was lower than the observations, but, it was still within the acceptable range of not greater than 20%,6. At N65, D090201 and D090203 stations, the ratio of the maximum simulated flow rate were 90.0%, 83.0% and 86.0%, respectively. This was due to the rainfall from the NWP model being greater than the measured rainfall. The NWP rainfall was distributed all over the area while the rainfall data from the measurements were obtained from specific points. Therefore, the rain from the NWP model is very useful especially for the watershed areas without rain gauge stations. In summary, the data from the NWP can be used with the SWAT model and provides relatively sound results despite the value for the main river being slightly higher than the observed data. Consequently, the output can be used to create a flood map for flash flood warning in the area.
文摘Objectives: The study was to determine the impact of using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system on glycemic control and the rate of events due to diabetes in people with diabetes from different types and age groups. Methods: a retrospective cohort chart review study was carried out at three centers in the Taif region in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: The study was approved by an accredited centralized institutional review board. Paper or electronic medical records were included for individuals of any age with diabetes (type 1, type 2, gestational diabetes) managed with diet, insulin therapy, or/and oral antihyperglycemic medication and/or non-insulin injection therapy. The primary outcome measure was the laboratory HbA1c level as well as reduction. Secondary outcome measures were frequency of severe hypoglycemia, admission to hospital or ER visit related to diabetes complications, and severe hyperglycemia (DKA or HHS). Results: Data was analyzed from 1695 patients. The average HbA1c before using the flash glucose monitoring system was 9.60% ± 1.44% and 3 months HbA1c after using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system was 8.70% + 1.45% for a difference of -0.90% ([95% CI -0.92: -0.88];p 65 years, (p-values Conclusion: The benefits of using the FreeStyle Libre<sup>TM</sup> flash glucose monitoring system are self-evident in reducing HbA1c and events due to hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia.
