The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inse...The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.展开更多
Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalyst...Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.展开更多
A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance wa...A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.展开更多
Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected ...Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.展开更多
Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A fiel...Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:Thi...AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied ...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency...As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.展开更多
Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junct...Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.展开更多
Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of...Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.展开更多
The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to...The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.展开更多
This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit...This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.展开更多
Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room f...Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.展开更多
This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and...This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.展开更多
To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital con...To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital concealed penises who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(Yinchuan,China)between September 2020 and November 2023.In all cases,the penis was observed to be short,and retracting the skin at the base revealed a normal penile body,which immediately returned to its original position upon release.All patients underwent the modified Devine procedure with subcutaneous sliding fixation and completed a 12-week postoperative follow-up.A statistically significant increase in penile length was observed postoperatively,with the median length increasing from 4.0(interquartile range[IQR]:3.5–4.8;95%confidence interval[CI]:3.9–4.4)cm to 8.0(IQR:7.8–8.0;95%CI:7.7–7.9)cm,with P<0.001.The parents were satisfied with the outcomes,including increased penile length,improved hygiene,and enhanced esthetics.Except for mild foreskin edema in all cases,no complications(such as infections,skin necrosis,or penile retraction)were observed.The edema was resolved within 4 weeks after the operation.This study demonstrates that the modified Devine procedure utilizing the subcutaneous sliding fixation method yields excellent outcomes with minimal postoperative complications,reduced penile retraction,and high satisfaction rates among patients and their families.展开更多
In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enh...In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enhance crop yield and improve resource use efficiency, especially in Southwest China. To optimize N utilization and increase grain yield, we conducted a two-year field experiment with single-factor randomized block designs of a maize-soybean intercropping system （IMS）. Three N rates, NN （no nitrogen application）, LN （lower N application： 270 kg N ha-1）, and CN （conventional N application： 330 kg N ha-1）, and three topdressing distances of LN （LND）, e.g., 15 cm （LND1）, 30 cm （LND2） and 45 cm （LND3） from maize rows were evaluated. At the beginning seed stage （R5）, the leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity of LND3 were 1.86 mg plant-1 and 0.14 mL h-1 plant-1, and those of LND1 and LND2 were increased by 31.4 and 24.5%, 6.4 and 32.9% compared with LND3, respectively. The ureide content and N accumulation of soybean organs in LND1 and LND2 were higher than those of LND3. The N uptake, NUE and N agronomy efficiency （NAE） of IMS under CN were 308.3 kg ha-1, 28.5%, and 5.7 kg grain kg-1 N, respectively; however, those of LN were significantly increased by 12.4, 72.5, and 51.6% compared with CN, respectively. The total yield in LND1 and LND2 was increased by 12.3 and 8.3% compared with CN, respectively. Those results suggested that LN with distances of 15-30 cm from the topdressing strip to the maize row was optimal in maize-soybean intercropping. Lower N input with an optimized fertilization location for IMS increased N fixation and N use efficiency without decreasing grain yield.展开更多
Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects exte...Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the modernization of society and transportation in the last decades in China,the incidence of high-energy trauma increased sharply in China,including that of acetabular fractures.AIM To establish diffe...BACKGROUND With the modernization of society and transportation in the last decades in China,the incidence of high-energy trauma increased sharply in China,including that of acetabular fractures.AIM To establish different finite element models for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.METHODS The three-dimensional models of the normal and fractured pelvis and the five internal fixations were established using the computed tomography data of the pelvis of a living volunteer.After the vertebral body model was inserted in the way of origin matching and all cancellous bones were copied using the duplicated cancellous bone model as the subtractive entity,the Boolean operation was performed on the pelvis model to obtain the model of the complete pelvis cortical and cancellous bones.RESULTS In the standing position,the maximum stress was 46.21 MPa.In the sitting position,the sacrum bore the simulated gravity load at the upper end.When comparing the five fixations,there were no significant differences in the stress mean values among groups(sitting:P=0.9794;standing:P=0.9741).In terms of displacement,the average displacement of the internal iliac plate group was smaller than that of the spring plate group(P=0.002),and no differences were observed between the other pairs of groups(all P>0.05).In the standing position,there were no significant differences in the mean value of displacement among the groups(P=0.2985).It can be seen from the stress nephogram of the internal fixations in different positions that the stress of the internal fixation was mainly concentrated in the fracture segment.CONCLUSION There were no significant differences among the fixations for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.展开更多
For an electron microscopic study of the liver,expertise and complicated,time-consuming processing of hepatic tissues and cells is needed.The interpretation of electron microscopy(EM) images requires knowledge of the ...For an electron microscopic study of the liver,expertise and complicated,time-consuming processing of hepatic tissues and cells is needed.The interpretation of electron microscopy(EM) images requires knowledge of the liver fine structure and experience with the numerous artifacts in fixation,embedding,sectioning,contrast staining and microscopic imaging.Hence,the aim of this paper is to present a detailed summary of different methods for the preparation of hepatic cells and tissue,for the purpose of preserving long-standing expertise and to encourage new investigators and clinicians to include EM studies of liver cells and tissue in their projects.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42377227)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.2232061)。
文摘The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.
基金supported by the funds of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019YFA0904700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471477)to Cheng Qi.
文摘Biological nitrogen fixation(BNF)and photosynthetic carbon fixation underpin food production and climate mitigation,yet natural systems are constrained by oxygen sensitivity,high energy demand,and inefficient catalysts.This review synthesizes advances that recast these processes as engineering targets and proposes a conceptual roadmap that bridges synthetic symbioses with the synthetic biology of enzymes and pathways.For BNF,progress spans cross-kingdom strategies—from refactoring nif gene sets and targeting nitrogenase assembly to eukaryotic organelles,to engineering plant-associated diazotrophs,rhizosphere control circuits,and emerging nodule-like microenvironments.For carbon assimilation,new-to-nature CO_(2)-fixation modules and photorespiratory bypasses illustrate how pathway redesign and alternative carboxylases can circumvent key Calvin–Benson–Bassham limitations,and expanding photosynthetic light capture offers additional leverage.Across these domains,we extract common design principles:(i)nitrogenase output is increasingly governed by carbon/energy supply and electron delivery as much as by oxygen protection;(ii)robust function requires compartment-aware enzyme–chassis coordination,substrate channeling,and dynamic regulation using sensors and control circuits;and(iii)scalable implementation may benefit from distributing metabolic labor across engineered consortia rather than forcing all functions into a single host.We discuss enabling technologies—including AI-guided protein design and directed evolution,cell-free prototyping,chassis toolkits,and materials/bioelectrochemical interfaces—that can accelerate design–build–test–learn cycles and reduce barriers to deployment.Together,these insights define a path toward integrated nitrogen and carbon fixation systems for low-emission agriculture and biomanufacturing.
文摘A collection of ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)homojunction catalysts was prepared in-situ through a facile one-step hydrothermal process,and their photocatalytic nitrogen fixation to synthesize ammonia performance was evaluated.Results showed that ordered-disordered Bi_(2)WO_(6)(OD-2)obtained by adding 1.5 mL of ethylene glycol during preparation exhibited the optimal nitrogen fixation performance,with a nitrogen fixation rate of 114.92μmol·g^(-1)·h^(-1).However,its crystal counterpart,Bi_(2)WO_(6)(BWO),lacked nitrogen-fixation activity.In-situ diffuse reflectance-Fourier transform infrared technique(DR-FTIR),electrochemical tests,and energy band structure analysis confirmed that the surface disordered structure in OD-2 not only promoted nitrogen activation but also enabled the effective separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs at the ordered-disordered interface,facilitating the interface electrons transfer to the surface disordered structure of OD-2 and reacting with N_(2) adsorbed on the disordered structure,thereby promoting the smooth progress of the nitrogen fixation reaction.
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic advantages of closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation versus open reduction and plate fixation in patients with hand surgery fractures. Methods: The sample was collected from May 2021 to May 2025, consisting of 80 patients with hand surgery fractures. These patients were randomly divided into two groups using the red and blue ball method: the plate fixation group (40 cases, treated with open reduction and plate fixation) and the Kirschner wire fixation group (40 cases, treated with closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation). The therapeutic effects between the two groups were randomly compared. Results: The Kirschner wire fixation group outperformed the plate fixation group in all indicators except for hand function scores (p < 0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in hand function scores between the two groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Compared with open reduction and plate fixation, closed reduction and Kirschner wire fixation for patients with hand surgery fractures achieves a more pronounced therapeutic effect, with advantages such as less trauma, shorter operation time, less bleeding, and a lower incidence of complications. It is suitable for hand surgery fractures with good stability. Open reduction and plate internal fixation have greater advantages in complex fractures and cases requiring high stability, and are worthy of promotion and application.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301962 and 31901127)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2024M752947)+2 种基金the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(GZC20232437)the State Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-breeding and Integrated Utilization Open Fund,China(CB2023C02)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province,China(252300420222)。
文摘Legume-based intercropping enhances asymbiotic biological nitrogen fixation(BNF);however,the underlying mechanisms remain unclear,including the roles of soil keystone diazotroph taxa with varying niche breadths.A field experiment was conducted to evaluate soil BNF variations between rhizosphere and bulk soils in peanut/cotton intercropping systems and monocultures.BNF activities were measured by nitrogen fixation rates,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance.Phylogenetic null models,co-occurrence networks,and niche breadth analysis were applied to investigate the roles of diazotrophic keystone taxa and their ecological niches.Rhizosphere soils exhibited 7.8–125.5%higher BNF potentials than bulk soils,whereas intercropping systems showed 11.6–323.0%increases over monocultures for nitrogen fixation rate,nitrogenase activity,and nifH gene abundance(all P<0.05).Diazotrophic community composition and diversity differed significantly,with Proteobacteria(excluding Alphaproteobacteria)enriched in intercropping and rhizosphere soils,while Cyanobacteria and Firmicutes were less abundant.Deterministic processes,particularly heterogeneous selection,dominated community assembly in the rhizosphere(91.9%)and intercropping soils(86.3%).The co-occurrence networks consistently revealed more complex and interconnected communities in intercropping and rhizosphere soils that were dominated by opportunistic diazotrophs(78.8–85.9%),followed by specialists(10.2–18.5%)and generalists(1.38–3.80%).Keystone taxa,including opportunists such as Azoarcus,Azohydromonas,and Steroidobacter,and generalists like Pseudomonas and Azotobacter,correlated positively with microbial biomass carbon and nitrate nitrogen,contributing to enhanced BNF.Peanut/cotton intercropping enhances BNF by selectively enriching the keystone diazotrophic taxa with varying ecological roles,particularly opportunists and generalists.Such targeted intercropping strategies can optimize BNF,improve soil fertility,and promote sustainable agricultural production.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22172144 and 22272151)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C03148).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273043).
文摘As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,No.52372212)。
文摘Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.
基金supported by the Fuxing Nursing Research Foundation of Fudan University[FNF202352].
文摘Objectives This review aimed to systematically synthesize the available research on the disclosure of diagnosis and related issues in childhood cancer from the perspectives of healthcare professionals,with the goal of informing the optimization of disclosure processes and meeting the communication needs of affected families.Methods In accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodology for mixed methods systematic reviews,the convergent segregated approach was used in this review.Articles were retrieved from 11 databases,including PubMed,Web of Science,CINAHL,CENTRAL,Embase,Ovid/Medline,PsycINFO,PsycArticles,Scopus,ERIC,and China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI).The quality of the selected articles was assessed using the Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT).The review protocol was registered on PROSPERO(CRD42024542746).Results A total of 21 studies from 10 countries were included.Their methodological quality was generally medium to high,with MMAT scores ranging from 60%to 100%.The synthesis yielded three core themes:1)the spectrum of professional and societal attitudes toward disclosure;2)the dynamic practices of navigating disclosure amid uncertainty,including timing and environment,stakeholders,and content of disclosure;and 3)factors influencing disclosure,including children’s,parental,healthcare professionals’,and socio-cultural factors.Conclusions This review synthesized the perspectives and experiences of healthcare professionals regarding disclosure in childhood cancer,highlighting the complexity and multidimensional nature of this process in clinical practice.Future research should further investigate the experiences and needs of children and their parents,explore cultural variations in disclosure practices,develop context-appropriate assessment tools,and construct multidimensional intervention strategies to enhance the humanistic care and professional effectiveness of the disclosure process.
文摘The Good Wife is an American TV series that focuses on women’s independence,politics,and law.The drama has been remade in China,Japan,and South Korea.This research aims to use Nida’s Functional Equivalence Theory to analyze the methods of its English-to-Chinese subtitle translation by considering social,cultural,and historic backgrounds between China and America.After data collection and case analysis,the study found that:(1)Five major translation methods are adopted in the subtitle translation of The Good Wife.They are free translation,variation,literal translation,addition,and omission.Among them,free translation is the most frequently used,while omission is used least.(2)The subtitle translation of films and TV series is limited by time and space restrictions,social-cultural differences,and other factors.When translating,translators should try to use humorous words,euphemism,intonation,and other ways,and combine different methods such as literal translation,free translation,variation,addition,omission,and other methods to seek equivalence both in the meaning and function of subtitles under the guidance of Functional Equivalence Theory.
文摘This paper studies high order compact finite volume methods on non-uniform meshes for one-dimensional elliptic and parabolic differential equations with the Robin boundary conditions.An explicit scheme and an implicit scheme are obtained by discretizing the equivalent integral form of the equation.For the explicit scheme with nodal values,the algebraic system can be solved by the Thomas method.For the implicit scheme with both nodal values and their derivatives,the system can be implemented by a prediction-correction procedure,where in the correction stage,an implicit formula for recovering the nodal derivatives is introduced.Taking two point boundary value problem as an example,we prove that both the explicit and implicit schemes are convergent with fourth order accuracy with respect to some standard discrete norms using the energy method.Two numerical examples demonstrate the correctness and effectiveness of the schemes,as well as the indispensability of using non-uniform meshes.
文摘Objective: To analyze the advantages of diversified teaching methods in the clinical instruction of operating room nursing interns. Methods: Twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from March 2023 to March 2024 were selected as the control group and received conventional teaching methods. Another twenty-one nursing interns who underwent internships in the operating room from April 2024 to April 2025 were selected as the experimental group and received diversified teaching methods. The teaching effects of the two groups were compared. Results: The experimental group scored higher than the control group in assessments, teaching satisfaction, and teaching quality evaluations, as well as in post-instruction professional identity scores (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Diversified teaching methods can enhance the professional competence of operating room nursing interns, cultivate their professional identity, and yield high teaching satisfaction, thereby improving teaching quality.
基金Supported by Innovation Project of Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences(2022KJCXZX-CGS-7)Hebei Agriculture Research System(HBCT2024170406).
文摘This paper presents an overview of the pathogens, symptoms of damage, patterns of occurrence, and chemical control methods associated with four major pear tree diseases: pear scab, pear ring rot, pear anthracnose, and pear speckle. The objective is to provide valuable references for the scientific and precise prevention and management of diseases in pear orchards, thereby contributing to the production of high-quality and high-yield pear fruits.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81860268,and No.82201000)Ningxia Natural Science Foundation(No.2021AAC02025)+2 种基金Ningxia science and technology innovation leading talent training project(No.2020GKLRLX06 and No.2020GKLRLX11)Ningxia Medical University research project(No.XTJKF240315)Ningxia Key Research and Development Project(No.2023BEG03021 and No.2021BEB04034).
文摘To evaluate the therapeutic effect of a modified Devine procedure with a subcutaneous sliding fixation method for the treatment of congenital concealed penis,we retrospectively selected 45 patients with congenital concealed penises who were admitted to General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University(Yinchuan,China)between September 2020 and November 2023.In all cases,the penis was observed to be short,and retracting the skin at the base revealed a normal penile body,which immediately returned to its original position upon release.All patients underwent the modified Devine procedure with subcutaneous sliding fixation and completed a 12-week postoperative follow-up.A statistically significant increase in penile length was observed postoperatively,with the median length increasing from 4.0(interquartile range[IQR]:3.5–4.8;95%confidence interval[CI]:3.9–4.4)cm to 8.0(IQR:7.8–8.0;95%CI:7.7–7.9)cm,with P<0.001.The parents were satisfied with the outcomes,including increased penile length,improved hygiene,and enhanced esthetics.Except for mild foreskin edema in all cases,no complications(such as infections,skin necrosis,or penile retraction)were observed.The edema was resolved within 4 weeks after the operation.This study demonstrates that the modified Devine procedure utilizing the subcutaneous sliding fixation method yields excellent outcomes with minimal postoperative complications,reduced penile retraction,and high satisfaction rates among patients and their families.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671625, 31271669)
文摘In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enhance crop yield and improve resource use efficiency, especially in Southwest China. To optimize N utilization and increase grain yield, we conducted a two-year field experiment with single-factor randomized block designs of a maize-soybean intercropping system （IMS）. Three N rates, NN （no nitrogen application）, LN （lower N application： 270 kg N ha-1）, and CN （conventional N application： 330 kg N ha-1）, and three topdressing distances of LN （LND）, e.g., 15 cm （LND1）, 30 cm （LND2） and 45 cm （LND3） from maize rows were evaluated. At the beginning seed stage （R5）, the leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity of LND3 were 1.86 mg plant-1 and 0.14 mL h-1 plant-1, and those of LND1 and LND2 were increased by 31.4 and 24.5%, 6.4 and 32.9% compared with LND3, respectively. The ureide content and N accumulation of soybean organs in LND1 and LND2 were higher than those of LND3. The N uptake, NUE and N agronomy efficiency （NAE） of IMS under CN were 308.3 kg ha-1, 28.5%, and 5.7 kg grain kg-1 N, respectively; however, those of LN were significantly increased by 12.4, 72.5, and 51.6% compared with CN, respectively. The total yield in LND1 and LND2 was increased by 12.3 and 8.3% compared with CN, respectively. Those results suggested that LN with distances of 15-30 cm from the topdressing strip to the maize row was optimal in maize-soybean intercropping. Lower N input with an optimized fertilization location for IMS increased N fixation and N use efficiency without decreasing grain yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52021005,52325904,and 51991391)。
文摘Geological prospecting and the identification of adverse geological features are essential in tunnel construction,providing critical information to ensure safety and guide engineering decisions.As tunnel projects extend into deeper and more mountainous terrains,engineers face increasingly complex geological conditions,including high water pressure,intense geo-stress,elevated geothermal gradients,and active fault zones.These conditions pose substantial risks such as high-pressure water inrush,largescale collapses,and tunnel boring machine(TBM)blockages.Addressing these challenges requires advanced detection technologies capable of long-distance,high-precision,and intelligent assessments of adverse geology.This paper presents a comprehensive review of recent advancements in tunnel geological ahead prospecting methods.It summarizes the fundamental principles,technical maturity,key challenges,development trends,and real-world applications of various detection techniques.Airborne and semi-airborne geophysical methods enable large-scale reconnaissance for initial surveys in complex terrain.Tunnel-and borehole-based approaches offer high-resolution detection during excavation,including seismic ahead prospecting(SAP),TBM rock-breaking source seismic methods,fulltime-domain tunnel induced polarization(TIP),borehole electrical resistivity,and ground penetrating radar(GPR).To address scenarios involving multiple,coexisting adverse geologies,intelligent inversion and geological identification methods have been developed based on multi-source data fusion and artificial intelligence(AI)techniques.Overall,these advances significantly improve detection range,resolution,and geological characterization capabilities.The methods demonstrate strong adaptability to complex environments and provide reliable subsurface information,supporting safer and more efficient tunnel construction.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81272008.
文摘BACKGROUND With the modernization of society and transportation in the last decades in China,the incidence of high-energy trauma increased sharply in China,including that of acetabular fractures.AIM To establish different finite element models for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.METHODS The three-dimensional models of the normal and fractured pelvis and the five internal fixations were established using the computed tomography data of the pelvis of a living volunteer.After the vertebral body model was inserted in the way of origin matching and all cancellous bones were copied using the duplicated cancellous bone model as the subtractive entity,the Boolean operation was performed on the pelvis model to obtain the model of the complete pelvis cortical and cancellous bones.RESULTS In the standing position,the maximum stress was 46.21 MPa.In the sitting position,the sacrum bore the simulated gravity load at the upper end.When comparing the five fixations,there were no significant differences in the stress mean values among groups(sitting:P=0.9794;standing:P=0.9741).In terms of displacement,the average displacement of the internal iliac plate group was smaller than that of the spring plate group(P=0.002),and no differences were observed between the other pairs of groups(all P>0.05).In the standing position,there were no significant differences in the mean value of displacement among the groups(P=0.2985).It can be seen from the stress nephogram of the internal fixations in different positions that the stress of the internal fixation was mainly concentrated in the fracture segment.CONCLUSION There were no significant differences among the fixations for acetabular posterior column fractures involving the quadrilateral area of the acetabulum.
文摘For an electron microscopic study of the liver,expertise and complicated,time-consuming processing of hepatic tissues and cells is needed.The interpretation of electron microscopy(EM) images requires knowledge of the liver fine structure and experience with the numerous artifacts in fixation,embedding,sectioning,contrast staining and microscopic imaging.Hence,the aim of this paper is to present a detailed summary of different methods for the preparation of hepatic cells and tissue,for the purpose of preserving long-standing expertise and to encourage new investigators and clinicians to include EM studies of liver cells and tissue in their projects.
