Objective． An internal fixation apparatus—— distraction reduction fixation system(DRFS) was designed to satisfy the clinical needs for spondylolisthesis. Methods. Since 1996, 53 patients were treated with DRFS. Amo...Objective． An internal fixation apparatus—— distraction reduction fixation system(DRFS) was designed to satisfy the clinical needs for spondylolisthesis. Methods. Since 1996, 53 patients were treated with DRFS. Among them, 35 had spondylolisthesis, 12 had lumbar canal stenosis accompanied with instability, 2 had vertebral tumors and 4 suffered from spinal fracture. The average age was 53.6 years old (ranged 24～ 72yrs). The mean time for follow- up was 30.6 months (16～ 44 months). Results． The slip rate was 0.15± 0.10 before operation, and decreased to 0.09± 0.07 after operation. Entire slip reposition was achieved in 19 cases (54.3％ ). The change in height of the intervertebral space within the fixation segments was 0.7± 0.17. Conclusion． DRFS achieved better results for spondylolisthesis less II degree and no other adverse effects were found. Compared with other foreign and domestic techniques, it had advantages in less implants, less operation gears required and ease to utilize in operation. It was proved to be an ideal internal fixation apparatus.展开更多
Objective To explore the effects of the anterior internal fixation systems on the post-operative lateral angulation in treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyze the 172 pat...Objective To explore the effects of the anterior internal fixation systems on the post-operative lateral angulation in treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyze the 172 patients who had展开更多
Plasma nitrogen fixation(PNF)has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gasfree and renewable energy-based agriculture.Yet,most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues.In this ...Plasma nitrogen fixation(PNF)has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gasfree and renewable energy-based agriculture.Yet,most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues.In this work,we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications.The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO_(x)from air and water under atmospheric conditions.Experimental results showed that the system with a dualloop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates.Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation,resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol^(-1)and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh^(-1)for NO_(3)^(-)production,respectively.Moreover,the concentration of exhausted NO_(x)was below the emission standards.Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO_(x)^(-)produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.Overall,our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.展开更多
Objective:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of bridge combined internal fixation system and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by emphaticall...Objective:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of bridge combined internal fixation system and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by emphatically observing fracture healing and shoulder joint function.Methods:Totally 44 elderly patients with Robinson type 2B displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were included from the Department of Orthopaedics,Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital during February 2016 and December 2018,including 23 males and 21 females,mean age(69.8±10.2)years old.The patients were divided into a bridge combined internal fixation system group(bridge group,n=22)and a locking compression plate internal fixation group(plate group,n=22)according to the internal fixation methods.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,and postoperative complications were recorded.At 12 months after surgery,the shoulder joint Constant-Murley score and DASH score were used to assess the recovery of joint function.The serum levels of bone turnover biochemical markers procollagen I N-terminal peptide(P1NP),cross-linked Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-I),and osteoblast specific factor(OSF)were measured before and 3 months after surgery.Results:The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time of the bridge group were significantly shorter than those of the plate group(P<0.05).Constant scores and DASH scores in the bridge group were significantly better than those of the plate group at 12 months after surgery(P<0.05).Serum levels of CTX-I was significantly decreased,while the P1NP and OSF were significantly increased compared with before surgery in the both groups(P<0.05),and the changes were more obvious in the bridge group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was similar between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the locking plate system,the bridge combined internal fixation system can effectively improve the operation efficiency,have more benefits on fracture healing,better promote the recovery of patients'function,and reduce the failure rate of internal fixation,thus providing a better choice to treat displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by intraoperative internal fixation.展开更多
Background Absorbable cranial flap fixation products,represented by Aesculap^(®)CranioFix absorbable clamp,are widely used in neurosurgery.However,the product has some shortcomings,as it is not entirely biodegrad...Background Absorbable cranial flap fixation products,represented by Aesculap^(®)CranioFix absorbable clamp,are widely used in neurosurgery.However,the product has some shortcomings,as it is not entirely biodegradable,the lower disc’s angle cannot be adjusted,and there is a failure to readjust after fixation.To address these issues,MedArt Technology Co.,Ltd.from China has come up with a high-purity PLLA combined with an innovative structural design to develop a novel cranial flap fixation system that is more convenient to operate,has a better resetting effect,and can be fully absorbed.This study aims to verify its safety and effectiveness through in vitro experiments and clinical trials.Methods In this study,the absorbable cranial flap fixation system of MedArt was used as the experimental group,and the CranioFix absorbable clamp constituted the control group.The material properties and the changing trend of mechanical properties of the two groups were compared by accelerated degradation experiments in vitro.A multicenter,randomized,parallel,positive-controlled,non-inferiority clinical study was conducted with a 48-week follow-up.The shortening degree of the bone flap gap,qualified rate of bone flap displacement,changing trend of implant volume,and occurrence of postoperative adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results The results of the in vitro accelerated degradation showed that in terms of the decrease in intrinsic viscosity,the control and experimental groups took 7 days and 14 days,respectively,to reach the test endpoint.For mechanical properties,the control group and experimental groups lost clinical safety fixation significance on the 3rd and 4th day after the degradation began,respectively.Regarding the release of degradation products,the control group showed a burst of lactic acid release during the first 3-7 days,while the experimental group released lactic acid slowly and constantly.In the clinical study,90 patients were randomly enrolled,87 of whom completed the operation,with an average age of 50.The 3D reconstruction of CT images showed that the bone flap gaps in both groups were less than 2 mm after surgery.The qualified rate of bone flap displacement in the experimental group was 100%after surgery.In contrast,in the control group,there was one unqualified case at 1 week after surgery and two unqualified cases at 6 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks,and 48 weeks.The residual volume of the implant in the experimental group was closer to 50%(about 48.8%)48 weeks after surgery,than in the control group(about 43.9%)12 weeks after surgery.Regarding safety,only one possible device-related adverse event occurred in the control group,with an incidence rate of 2.22%,manifested as poor healing at the incision site.Conclusions The study has verified that the experimental group had better stability,longer biodegradation time,and better mechanical properties than the control group.Moreover,the experimental group could significantly narrow the cranial flap gap,reduce the flap displacement,and promote skull healing after craniotomy.It shows a fairly reliable fixation effect and safety.展开更多
Rethinking carbon fixation beyond the Calvin cycle.The Calvin-Benson-Bassham(CBB)cycle is the central pathway for CO_(2) fixation.However,its efficiency is limited by two major carbon losses.The first is the oxidative...Rethinking carbon fixation beyond the Calvin cycle.The Calvin-Benson-Bassham(CBB)cycle is the central pathway for CO_(2) fixation.However,its efficiency is limited by two major carbon losses.The first is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A(CoA),which causes the loss of one out of every three fixed carbons.展开更多
BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM ...BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM To assess the effectiveness of suture button fixation in managing ligamentous Lisfranc injuries through a systematic evaluation of short-term clinical and radiological outcomes.METHODS During March 2024,the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.Data regarding patient demographics,pathological characteristics,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS Eight studies were included.In total,94 patients(94 feet)underwent suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries at a weighted mean follow-up of 27.2±10.2 months.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 39.2±11.8 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 82.8±5.4.The weighted mean visual analogue scale score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 7.7±0.6 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 2.0±0.4.In total,100%of patients returned to sport at a mean time of 16.8 weeks.The complication rate was 5%,the most common complication of which was residual midfoot stiffness(3.0%).No failures nor secondary surgical procedures were recorded.CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that suture button fixation for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries produced improved clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up.In addition,there was an excellent return-to-sport rate(100%)at a weighted mean time of 16.8 weeks.This review highlights that suture button fixation is a potent surgical treatment strategy for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries;however,caution should be taken when evaluating this data in light of the lack of high quality,comparative studies,and short-term follow-up.展开更多
Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodg...Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodging-resistant semi-dwarf varieties,but required more nitrogen fertilizers,posing an environmental threat.Genes that can improve nitrogen use efficiency need to be integrated into semi-dwarf varieties to avoid the overuse of fertilizers without the loss of dwarfism.Unlike cereal crops,soybean can assimilate atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria.Here,we created new alleles of Gm GID1-2(Glycine max GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1-2)using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)editing,which improved soybean architecture,yield,seed oil content,and nitrogen fixation,by regulation of important pathways and known genes related to branching,lipid metabolism,and nodule symbiosis.Gm GID1-2 knockout reduced plant height,and increased stem diameter and strength,number of branches,nodes on the primary stem,pods,and seeds per plant,leading to an increase in seed weight per plant and yield in soybean.The nodule number,nodule weight,nitrogenase activity,and nitrogen content were also improved in Gm GID1-2knockout soybean lines,which is novel compared with the semi-dwarf genes in cereal crops.No loss-of-function allele for Gm GID1-2 was identified in soybean germplasm and the edited Gm GID1-2s are superior to the natural alleles,suggesting the Gm GID1-2 knockout mutants generated in this study are valuable genetic resources to further improve soybean yield and seed oil content in future breeding programs.This study illustrates the pleiotropic functions of the GID1 knockout alleles with positive effects on plant architecture,yield,and nitrogen fixation in soybean,which provides a promising strategy toward sustainable agriculture.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:Thi...AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.展开更多
The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inse...The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.展开更多
Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied ...Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.展开更多
Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The appro...Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.展开更多
Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junct...Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.展开更多
Purpose:This study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of"8"and"0"wire fixation systems combined with double-head cannulated compression screws or Kirschner wires for the treatment of tra...Purpose:This study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of"8"and"0"wire fixation systems combined with double-head cannulated compression screws or Kirschner wires for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.Methods:From September 2011 to September 2018,patients with closed transverse patellar fractures treated with a double-head compression screw or Kirschner wire were included and analyzed retrospectively.Patients with patellar fractures combined with distal femoral fractures,tibial plateau fracture or preoperative lower limb dysfunction were excluded.The patients treated with the"8"tension band wire fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group A;those treated with the"0"fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group B;those treated with the"8"fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group C;and those treated with the"0"fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group D.Six weeks and one year after the operation and every month from the third month after the operation until the fractures healed,an X-ray examination was performed to identify fracture healing.The time of fracture healing and postoperative complications of the four groups were compared.One year after the operation,knee function was evaluated by Bostman’s score.Results:During the study period,168 patients with patellar fractures were treated by operations,and 88 patients were excluded because the fracture type did not meet the requirements or because there were combined fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau.As a result,80 patients were included in this study,20 in each group.All the patients were followed up for an average period of 12.2 months.Compared with Group A,patients in Group D presented less postoperative discomfort in the prepatellar region,quicker fracture healing,less fixation failure and better postoperative knee function scores(all p<0.05).The incidence of internal fixation failure in Group(B+D)was lower than that in Group(A+C)(p>0.05).Conclusion:The"0"wire fixation system combined with a double-head cannulated compression screw seems to be more beneficial than the other three fixation systems for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.展开更多
In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enh...In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enhance crop yield and improve resource use efficiency, especially in Southwest China. To optimize N utilization and increase grain yield, we conducted a two-year field experiment with single-factor randomized block designs of a maize-soybean intercropping system （IMS）. Three N rates, NN （no nitrogen application）, LN （lower N application： 270 kg N ha-1）, and CN （conventional N application： 330 kg N ha-1）, and three topdressing distances of LN （LND）, e.g., 15 cm （LND1）, 30 cm （LND2） and 45 cm （LND3） from maize rows were evaluated. At the beginning seed stage （R5）, the leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity of LND3 were 1.86 mg plant-1 and 0.14 mL h-1 plant-1, and those of LND1 and LND2 were increased by 31.4 and 24.5%, 6.4 and 32.9% compared with LND3, respectively. The ureide content and N accumulation of soybean organs in LND1 and LND2 were higher than those of LND3. The N uptake, NUE and N agronomy efficiency （NAE） of IMS under CN were 308.3 kg ha-1, 28.5%, and 5.7 kg grain kg-1 N, respectively; however, those of LN were significantly increased by 12.4, 72.5, and 51.6% compared with CN, respectively. The total yield in LND1 and LND2 was increased by 12.3 and 8.3% compared with CN, respectively. Those results suggested that LN with distances of 15-30 cm from the topdressing strip to the maize row was optimal in maize-soybean intercropping. Lower N input with an optimized fertilization location for IMS increased N fixation and N use efficiency without decreasing grain yield.展开更多
Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility in paddy field ecosystems. Rice variety influences BNF, but how different rice varieties regulate BNF and associated diazot...Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility in paddy field ecosystems. Rice variety influences BNF, but how different rice varieties regulate BNF and associated diazotroph communities has not been quantified. Airtight, field-based 15N2-labelling grow th chamber experiments were used to assess the BNF capac 辻 y of different rice varie ties. In addition, both the 16S rRNA and nifH genes were sequenced to assess the influence of different rice varieties on bacterial and diazotrophic communities in paddy soils. After subjecting a rice-soil system to 74 d of continuous airtight, field-based 15N2 labelling in pots in a growth chamber, the amounts of fixed N were 22.3 and 38.9 kg ha^-1 in inbred japonica (W23) and hybrid indica (IIY) rice cultivars plan ted in the rice-soil systems, respectively, and only 1%—2.5% of the fixed N was allocated to the rice plants and weeds. A greater abundance of diazotrophs was found in the surface soil (0-1 cm) under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed significantly greater abundances of the cyanobacterial genera Nostoc, Anabaena, and Cylindrospermum under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the nifH gene also showed a significantly greater abundance of Nostoc under IIY than under W23. These results indicate that the hybrid rice cultivar (IIY) promoted BNF to a greater extent than the inbred rice cultivar (W23) and that the increase in BNF might have been due to the enhanced heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostoc.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dynamic fixation with a hook plate-double loop plate internal fixation system for high-energy acromioclavicular joint complex dislocation(denoted as HACD,i.e.,Rockwood t...Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dynamic fixation with a hook plate-double loop plate internal fixation system for high-energy acromioclavicular joint complex dislocation(denoted as HACD,i.e.,Rockwood type III-V dislocation).Methods:Fifty-eight patients with HACD were selected and evenly divided by drawing lots.The experimental group underwent ligament reconstruction treatment,while the reference group received hook plate fixation treatment.The efficacy and other indicators were compared between the groups.Results:The overall effective rates between the groups were similar(P>0.05).The experimental group had a longer surgical duration,lower pain scores at 6 months postoperatively,higher shoulder joint function scores,and a lower complication rate,with P<0.05 when compared between groups.Conclusion:The effectiveness of the double loop plate internal fixation system ligament reconstruction treatment for patients with HACD is comparable to that of hook plate fixation treatment.Although the surgical duration is slightly longer,postoperative pain is milder,facilitating the recovery of shoulder joint function in patients and offering higher safety.展开更多
Purpose:The present study aimed to systematically review and compare 2 femoral autograft fixation techniques,namely,interference screws and suture anchors,for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in ...Purpose:The present study aimed to systematically review and compare 2 femoral autograft fixation techniques,namely,interference screws and suture anchors,for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability at mid-to long-term follow-up.Methods:A literature search was performed in September 2020.All studies reporting the outcomes of primary isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability were considered for inclusion.Only studies reporting the type of femoral autograft fixation under examination were considered.Studies reporting data from patients with elevated tibial tuberosity-tibial groove,patella alta,and/or Dejour’s trochlear dysplasia types C and D,were not included.Only articles reporting data with a minimum follow-up period of 18 months were considered.Results:Data from 19 studies(615 patients)were retrieved.The overall age was 24.4±6.7 years(mean±SD).The mean follow-up was 46.5±20.9 months.There were 76 patients in the anchor group and 539 in the screw group.Comparability was found with regard to age and follow-up duration between the 2 study groups.There was comparability between the Kujala,Lysholm,and Tegner scores at baseline.At the last follow-up,no worthy differences were found in terms of mean Kujala(+2.1%;p=0.04),Lysholm(+1.7%;p=0.05),and Tegner(+15.8%;p=0.05)scores.Although complications occurred almost exclusively in the screw cohort,no statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion:Femoral autograft fixation through interference screws or suture anchors report similar clinical scores and rate of apprehension test,persistent joint instability,re-dislocations,and revisions.These results must be interpreted within the limitations of the present study.展开更多
文摘Objective． An internal fixation apparatus—— distraction reduction fixation system(DRFS) was designed to satisfy the clinical needs for spondylolisthesis. Methods. Since 1996, 53 patients were treated with DRFS. Among them, 35 had spondylolisthesis, 12 had lumbar canal stenosis accompanied with instability, 2 had vertebral tumors and 4 suffered from spinal fracture. The average age was 53.6 years old (ranged 24～ 72yrs). The mean time for follow- up was 30.6 months (16～ 44 months). Results． The slip rate was 0.15± 0.10 before operation, and decreased to 0.09± 0.07 after operation. Entire slip reposition was achieved in 19 cases (54.3％ ). The change in height of the intervertebral space within the fixation segments was 0.7± 0.17. Conclusion． DRFS achieved better results for spondylolisthesis less II degree and no other adverse effects were found. Compared with other foreign and domestic techniques, it had advantages in less implants, less operation gears required and ease to utilize in operation. It was proved to be an ideal internal fixation apparatus.
文摘Objective To explore the effects of the anterior internal fixation systems on the post-operative lateral angulation in treatment of thoracolumbar fractures.Methods A retrospective study was done to analyze the 172 patients who had
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China(No.5400202133157A-0-0-00)partially supported by the State Grid Gansu Electric Power Company,China。
文摘Plasma nitrogen fixation(PNF)has been emerging as a promising technology for greenhouse gasfree and renewable energy-based agriculture.Yet,most PNF studies seldom address practical application-specific issues.In this work,we present the development of a compact and automatic PNF system for on-site agricultural applications.The system utilized a gliding-arc discharge as the plasma source and employed a dual-loop design to generate NO_(x)from air and water under atmospheric conditions.Experimental results showed that the system with a dualloop design performs well in terms of energy costs and production rates.Optimal operational parameters for the system were determined through experimentation,resulting in an energy cost of 13.9 MJ mol^(-1)and an energy efficiency of 16 g kWh^(-1)for NO_(3)^(-)production,respectively.Moreover,the concentration of exhausted NO_(x)was below the emission standards.Soilless lettuce cultivation experiments demonstrated that NO_(x)^(-)produced by the PNF system could serve as liquid nitrate nitrogen fertilizer.Overall,our work demonstrates the potential of the developed PNF system for on-site application in the production of green-leaf vegetables.
文摘Objective:To compare the clinical therapeutic effect of bridge combined internal fixation system and locking compression plate internal fixation in the treatment of displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by emphatically observing fracture healing and shoulder joint function.Methods:Totally 44 elderly patients with Robinson type 2B displaced midshaft clavicle fractures were included from the Department of Orthopaedics,Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital during February 2016 and December 2018,including 23 males and 21 females,mean age(69.8±10.2)years old.The patients were divided into a bridge combined internal fixation system group(bridge group,n=22)and a locking compression plate internal fixation group(plate group,n=22)according to the internal fixation methods.The operation time,intraoperative blood loss,fracture healing time,and postoperative complications were recorded.At 12 months after surgery,the shoulder joint Constant-Murley score and DASH score were used to assess the recovery of joint function.The serum levels of bone turnover biochemical markers procollagen I N-terminal peptide(P1NP),cross-linked Carboxy-terminal telopeptide of typeⅠcollagen(CTX-I),and osteoblast specific factor(OSF)were measured before and 3 months after surgery.Results:The operation time,intraoperative blood loss and fracture healing time of the bridge group were significantly shorter than those of the plate group(P<0.05).Constant scores and DASH scores in the bridge group were significantly better than those of the plate group at 12 months after surgery(P<0.05).Serum levels of CTX-I was significantly decreased,while the P1NP and OSF were significantly increased compared with before surgery in the both groups(P<0.05),and the changes were more obvious in the bridge group(P<0.05).The incidence of complications was similar between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:Compared with the locking plate system,the bridge combined internal fixation system can effectively improve the operation efficiency,have more benefits on fracture healing,better promote the recovery of patients'function,and reduce the failure rate of internal fixation,thus providing a better choice to treat displaced midshaft clavicle fractures by intraoperative internal fixation.
基金funded by MedArt Technology Co.,Ltd.,located in Chengdu,China.The company supplied cranial flap fixation products utilized in the study and provided financial support for the research.
文摘Background Absorbable cranial flap fixation products,represented by Aesculap^(®)CranioFix absorbable clamp,are widely used in neurosurgery.However,the product has some shortcomings,as it is not entirely biodegradable,the lower disc’s angle cannot be adjusted,and there is a failure to readjust after fixation.To address these issues,MedArt Technology Co.,Ltd.from China has come up with a high-purity PLLA combined with an innovative structural design to develop a novel cranial flap fixation system that is more convenient to operate,has a better resetting effect,and can be fully absorbed.This study aims to verify its safety and effectiveness through in vitro experiments and clinical trials.Methods In this study,the absorbable cranial flap fixation system of MedArt was used as the experimental group,and the CranioFix absorbable clamp constituted the control group.The material properties and the changing trend of mechanical properties of the two groups were compared by accelerated degradation experiments in vitro.A multicenter,randomized,parallel,positive-controlled,non-inferiority clinical study was conducted with a 48-week follow-up.The shortening degree of the bone flap gap,qualified rate of bone flap displacement,changing trend of implant volume,and occurrence of postoperative adverse events were compared between the two groups.Results The results of the in vitro accelerated degradation showed that in terms of the decrease in intrinsic viscosity,the control and experimental groups took 7 days and 14 days,respectively,to reach the test endpoint.For mechanical properties,the control group and experimental groups lost clinical safety fixation significance on the 3rd and 4th day after the degradation began,respectively.Regarding the release of degradation products,the control group showed a burst of lactic acid release during the first 3-7 days,while the experimental group released lactic acid slowly and constantly.In the clinical study,90 patients were randomly enrolled,87 of whom completed the operation,with an average age of 50.The 3D reconstruction of CT images showed that the bone flap gaps in both groups were less than 2 mm after surgery.The qualified rate of bone flap displacement in the experimental group was 100%after surgery.In contrast,in the control group,there was one unqualified case at 1 week after surgery and two unqualified cases at 6 weeks,12 weeks,24 weeks,and 48 weeks.The residual volume of the implant in the experimental group was closer to 50%(about 48.8%)48 weeks after surgery,than in the control group(about 43.9%)12 weeks after surgery.Regarding safety,only one possible device-related adverse event occurred in the control group,with an incidence rate of 2.22%,manifested as poor healing at the incision site.Conclusions The study has verified that the experimental group had better stability,longer biodegradation time,and better mechanical properties than the control group.Moreover,the experimental group could significantly narrow the cranial flap gap,reduce the flap displacement,and promote skull healing after craniotomy.It shows a fairly reliable fixation effect and safety.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2025YFC3409200 and 2022YFC3401800)the Hundred Talents Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(E3J56201)+2 种基金the Director-Led Scientific Research and Innovation Fund Program(SZJJ2024-019 and SZJJ2024-032)the Beijing Life Science Academy(2023200CB0070 and 2023000CB0040)the Science and Technology Program of Tangshan(24150214C).
文摘Rethinking carbon fixation beyond the Calvin cycle.The Calvin-Benson-Bassham(CBB)cycle is the central pathway for CO_(2) fixation.However,its efficiency is limited by two major carbon losses.The first is the oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate to acetyl-coenzyme A(CoA),which causes the loss of one out of every three fixed carbons.
文摘BACKGROUND The purpose of this systematic review was to evaluate the clinical and radiological outcomes at short-term follow-up following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.AIM To assess the effectiveness of suture button fixation in managing ligamentous Lisfranc injuries through a systematic evaluation of short-term clinical and radiological outcomes.METHODS During March 2024,the PubMed,EMBASE,and Cochrane library databases were systematically reviewed to identify clinical studies examining outcomes following suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries.Data regarding patient demographics,pathological characteristics,subjective clinical outcomes,radiological outcomes,complications,and failure rates were extracted and analyzed.RESULTS Eight studies were included.In total,94 patients(94 feet)underwent suture button fixation for the management of ligamentous Lisfranc injuries at a weighted mean follow-up of 27.2±10.2 months.The American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 39.2±11.8 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 82.8±5.4.The weighted mean visual analogue scale score improved from a weighted mean pre-operative score of 7.7±0.6 preoperatively to a post-operative score of 2.0±0.4.In total,100%of patients returned to sport at a mean time of 16.8 weeks.The complication rate was 5%,the most common complication of which was residual midfoot stiffness(3.0%).No failures nor secondary surgical procedures were recorded.CONCLUSION This systematic review demonstrated that suture button fixation for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries produced improved clinical outcomes at short-term follow-up.In addition,there was an excellent return-to-sport rate(100%)at a weighted mean time of 16.8 weeks.This review highlights that suture button fixation is a potent surgical treatment strategy for ligamentous Lisfranc injuries;however,caution should be taken when evaluating this data in light of the lack of high quality,comparative studies,and short-term follow-up.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32372192)the Core Technology Development for Breeding Program of Jiangsu Province(JBGS-2021-014)Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Soybean Biotechnology and Intelligent Breeding(BM2024005)。
文摘Soybean is an important source of oil,protein,and feed.However,its yield is far below that of major cereal crops.The green revolution increased the yield of cereal crops partially through high-density planting of lodging-resistant semi-dwarf varieties,but required more nitrogen fertilizers,posing an environmental threat.Genes that can improve nitrogen use efficiency need to be integrated into semi-dwarf varieties to avoid the overuse of fertilizers without the loss of dwarfism.Unlike cereal crops,soybean can assimilate atmospheric nitrogen through symbiotic bacteria.Here,we created new alleles of Gm GID1-2(Glycine max GIBBERELLIN INSENSITIVE DWARF 1-2)using clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats(CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated nuclease 9(Cas9)editing,which improved soybean architecture,yield,seed oil content,and nitrogen fixation,by regulation of important pathways and known genes related to branching,lipid metabolism,and nodule symbiosis.Gm GID1-2 knockout reduced plant height,and increased stem diameter and strength,number of branches,nodes on the primary stem,pods,and seeds per plant,leading to an increase in seed weight per plant and yield in soybean.The nodule number,nodule weight,nitrogenase activity,and nitrogen content were also improved in Gm GID1-2knockout soybean lines,which is novel compared with the semi-dwarf genes in cereal crops.No loss-of-function allele for Gm GID1-2 was identified in soybean germplasm and the edited Gm GID1-2s are superior to the natural alleles,suggesting the Gm GID1-2 knockout mutants generated in this study are valuable genetic resources to further improve soybean yield and seed oil content in future breeding programs.This study illustrates the pleiotropic functions of the GID1 knockout alleles with positive effects on plant architecture,yield,and nitrogen fixation in soybean,which provides a promising strategy toward sustainable agriculture.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a new minimally invasive technique using horizontal mattress sutures and Hoffman pockets for four-point refixation of dislocated fourhaptic intraocular lenses(IOLs).METHODS:This retrospective consecutive case series included eyes with dislocated Akreos AO60 IOLs underwent scleral refixation using a horizontal mattress doubleneedle suture technique with intralamellar knot burial via Hoffman pockets.Clinical outcomes assessed included pre-and postoperative best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA),intraocular pressure(IOP),spherical equivalent(SE),suture duration,IOL centration,and perioperative complications.RESULTS:A total of 10 eyes from 10 patients(6 males)were included.The mean age at the time of IOL refixation was 53.10±13.07y(range:28-68y).The mean interval between initial IOL implantation and dislocation was 8.44±3.54y.The mean postoperative follow-up duration was 11.45±10.30mo.Surgical time averaged 15.3±1.77min,with no intraoperative complications.The mean axial length was 27.16±4.35 mm,with high myopia(HM)as the leading comorbidity(4/10 eyes).Postoperative BCVA significantly improved compared to preoperative values(P=0.025).Postoperative SE was significantly improved compared with preoperative(P=0.01).All IOLs remained centered throughout follow-up.CONCLUSION:This minimally invasive four-point scleral fixation technique offers a safe and effective refixation strategy for dislocated four-haptic IOLs.The horizontal mattress suture configuration combined with Hoffman pockets facilitates durable centration,avoids conjunctival dissection,and could be adopted into routine surgical practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.42377227)Beijing Natural Science Foundation (No.2232061)。
文摘The rate-limited activation of N≡N triple bonds with high bond energies has been a bottleneck in photoctalytic nitrogen fixation.Here,polymeric carbon nitride with frustrated Lewis pairs(FLPs) was constructed by inserting electron-deficient magnesium into g-C_(3)N_(4)(CN).The synergistic interactions between Mg and amino groups in CN led to a 7.2 fold increase in the photoreactivity of nitrogen(N_(2)) fixation by carbon nitride.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22172144 and 22272151)Key Research and Development Program of Zhejiang Province(2023C03148).
文摘Photocatalytic nitrogen fixation has emerged as a sustainable alternative for ammonia synthesis,playing a crucial role in alleviating energy shortages and environmental pollution.In this study,PbBiO_(2)Br was applied to photocatalytic nitrogen fixation for the first time,and its photocatalytic performance was effectively enhanced through Cu doping.The catalyst was synthesized via a simple reduction method,and its morphology,structure,and physicochemical properties were systematically investigated using various characterization techniques and density functional theory calculations.The results revealed that the incorporation of Cu2+partially replaced Pb2+,inducing lattice distortion in PbBiO_(2)Br,promoting the formation of oxygen vacancies,and modifying its electronic band structure.Specifically,Cu doping led to a slight bandgap narrowing,a reduction in work function,and a significant upward shift in the conduction band position.These changes enhanced light absorption,facilitated charge carrier migration and separation,and improved the reduction ability of photogenerated electrons.Moreover,Cu doping promoted N_(2)adsorption and activation.Consequently,the photocatalytic nitrogen fixation performance of Cu-doped PbBiO_(2)Br was significantly enhanced,achieving an optimal nitrogen fixation rate of 293μmol L^(−1)g^(−1)h^(−1),which is 3.6 times higher than that of pristine PbBiO_(2)Br.Additionally,Cu–PbBiO_(2)Br also showed good activity in the photocatalytic degradation of RhB,with a degradation rate 4.6 times higher than that of PbBiO_(2)Br.This work offers new insights into the application of PbBiO_(2)Br in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and offers valuable guidance for the development of highly efficient nitrogen fixation materials in the future.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2101604)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U23A20123,22278339)+1 种基金Fujian Provincial Key Science and Technology Program of China(No.2022YZ037013)Xiamen University for the financial support.
文摘Carbon dioxide(CO_(2))is the main greenhouse gas(GHG)released by human activities.The substitution of fossil resources by biomass as a bio-renewable resource,has significant potential to reduce GHG emissions.The approach to biomass,as the only true full-scale alternative to fossil resources,is progressing rapidly.Converting biomass into furanic compounds,as versatile platform chemicals for synthesizing a wide range of bio-based products is the cornerstone of sustainable technologies.The extensive body of this review combines the biomass valorization to furanic compounds by CO_(2)utilization and furanic compounds conversion by CO_(2)fixation.These processes can be strategically applied through both‘thermochemical’and‘electrochemical’pathways,by utilizing CO_(2)from the atmosphere or industrial emission point and returning it to the natural carbon cycle.In the thermochemical pathway CO_(2)acts as a carbon source(carboxylation and polymerization)or active reaction assistant in the biomass conversion(CO_(2)-assisted conversion),without altering its oxidation state,facilitating the synthesis of valuable products and polymers.Conversely,in the electrochemical pathway,CO_(2)can be used as a carbon source(electrocarboxylation)to give the corresponding carboxylic acid,or it can undergo reduction,yielding methanol,carbon monoxide(CO),formic acid,and analogous compounds,while on the other side,furanic compounds undergo oxidation yielding high-value-added chemicals.Finally,potential future research directions are suggested to promote CO_(2)utilization and fixation in the valorization of biomass-derived furanic compounds,and challenges facing further research are highlighted.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC,No.52372212)。
文摘Photocatalysis uses solar energy to convert nitrogen and water directly into ammonia,helping reduce dependence on fossil fuels and offering a way to integrate the nitrogen cycle into a clean energy network.Ohmic junctions between metals and semiconductors have demonstrated significant advantages in enhancing stability and reducing carrier recombination,but their application in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation is limited due to the difficulty of work function matching and the complexity of fabrication processes.In this study,density functional theory(DFT) calculations were used to confirm the work function matching between Bi and Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(BTO),ensuring the formation of an Ohmic junction.A Bi-Bi_(2)Ti_(2)O_(7)(B-BTO) composite was successfully synthesized via a one-step hydrothermal method,using bismuth nitrate and titanium sulfate as precursors.Compared to pure BTO,the B-BTO heterojunction,driven by dual electron injection from both metal Bi and BTO,significantly increased the ammonia synthesis rate to 686.95 μmol g^(-1)h^(-1),making it the most active nitrogen fixation material among similar pyrochlorebased catalysts to date.The differential charge density calculations,photocurrent(i-t) measurements,and photoluminescence(PL) tests further validate the role of Ohmic contacts in enhancing charge transfer and prolonging carrier lifetimes.This research provides valuable insight into the application of Ohmic junctions in photocatalytic nitrogen fixation and contributes to advancements in this field.
文摘Purpose:This study was designed to compare the clinical efficacy of"8"and"0"wire fixation systems combined with double-head cannulated compression screws or Kirschner wires for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.Methods:From September 2011 to September 2018,patients with closed transverse patellar fractures treated with a double-head compression screw or Kirschner wire were included and analyzed retrospectively.Patients with patellar fractures combined with distal femoral fractures,tibial plateau fracture or preoperative lower limb dysfunction were excluded.The patients treated with the"8"tension band wire fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group A;those treated with the"0"fixation system and Kirschner wire were taken as Group B;those treated with the"8"fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group C;and those treated with the"0"fixation system and double-head cannulated compression screw were taken as group D.Six weeks and one year after the operation and every month from the third month after the operation until the fractures healed,an X-ray examination was performed to identify fracture healing.The time of fracture healing and postoperative complications of the four groups were compared.One year after the operation,knee function was evaluated by Bostman’s score.Results:During the study period,168 patients with patellar fractures were treated by operations,and 88 patients were excluded because the fracture type did not meet the requirements or because there were combined fractures of the distal femur or tibial plateau.As a result,80 patients were included in this study,20 in each group.All the patients were followed up for an average period of 12.2 months.Compared with Group A,patients in Group D presented less postoperative discomfort in the prepatellar region,quicker fracture healing,less fixation failure and better postoperative knee function scores(all p<0.05).The incidence of internal fixation failure in Group(B+D)was lower than that in Group(A+C)(p>0.05).Conclusion:The"0"wire fixation system combined with a double-head cannulated compression screw seems to be more beneficial than the other three fixation systems for the treatment of transverse patellar fractures.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0300202)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671625, 31271669)
文摘In China, the abuse of chemical nitrogen （N） fertilizer results in decreasing N use efficiency （NUE）, wasting resources and causing serious environmental problems. Cereal-legume intercropping is widely used to enhance crop yield and improve resource use efficiency, especially in Southwest China. To optimize N utilization and increase grain yield, we conducted a two-year field experiment with single-factor randomized block designs of a maize-soybean intercropping system （IMS）. Three N rates, NN （no nitrogen application）, LN （lower N application： 270 kg N ha-1）, and CN （conventional N application： 330 kg N ha-1）, and three topdressing distances of LN （LND）, e.g., 15 cm （LND1）, 30 cm （LND2） and 45 cm （LND3） from maize rows were evaluated. At the beginning seed stage （R5）, the leghemoglobin content and nitrogenase activity of LND3 were 1.86 mg plant-1 and 0.14 mL h-1 plant-1, and those of LND1 and LND2 were increased by 31.4 and 24.5%, 6.4 and 32.9% compared with LND3, respectively. The ureide content and N accumulation of soybean organs in LND1 and LND2 were higher than those of LND3. The N uptake, NUE and N agronomy efficiency （NAE） of IMS under CN were 308.3 kg ha-1, 28.5%, and 5.7 kg grain kg-1 N, respectively; however, those of LN were significantly increased by 12.4, 72.5, and 51.6% compared with CN, respectively. The total yield in LND1 and LND2 was increased by 12.3 and 8.3% compared with CN, respectively. Those results suggested that LN with distances of 15-30 cm from the topdressing strip to the maize row was optimal in maize-soybean intercropping. Lower N input with an optimized fertilization location for IMS increased N fixation and N use efficiency without decreasing grain yield.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 31870500, 40871146, and 41501273)the Special Project on the Basis of National Science and Technology of China (No. 2015FY110700)+1 种基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. KZCX2-EW-409)the Technology Supporting Project of Jiangsu Province (No. BE2013451)
文摘Biological nitrogen (N) fixation (BNF) plays a significant role in maintaining soil fertility in paddy field ecosystems. Rice variety influences BNF, but how different rice varieties regulate BNF and associated diazotroph communities has not been quantified. Airtight, field-based 15N2-labelling grow th chamber experiments were used to assess the BNF capac 辻 y of different rice varie ties. In addition, both the 16S rRNA and nifH genes were sequenced to assess the influence of different rice varieties on bacterial and diazotrophic communities in paddy soils. After subjecting a rice-soil system to 74 d of continuous airtight, field-based 15N2 labelling in pots in a growth chamber, the amounts of fixed N were 22.3 and 38.9 kg ha^-1 in inbred japonica (W23) and hybrid indica (IIY) rice cultivars plan ted in the rice-soil systems, respectively, and only 1%—2.5% of the fixed N was allocated to the rice plants and weeds. A greater abundance of diazotrophs was found in the surface soil (0-1 cm) under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene showed significantly greater abundances of the cyanobacterial genera Nostoc, Anabaena, and Cylindrospermum under IIY than under W23. Sequencing of the nifH gene also showed a significantly greater abundance of Nostoc under IIY than under W23. These results indicate that the hybrid rice cultivar (IIY) promoted BNF to a greater extent than the inbred rice cultivar (W23) and that the increase in BNF might have been due to the enhanced heterocystous cyanobacteria Nostoc.
文摘Objective:To evaluate the therapeutic effect of dynamic fixation with a hook plate-double loop plate internal fixation system for high-energy acromioclavicular joint complex dislocation(denoted as HACD,i.e.,Rockwood type III-V dislocation).Methods:Fifty-eight patients with HACD were selected and evenly divided by drawing lots.The experimental group underwent ligament reconstruction treatment,while the reference group received hook plate fixation treatment.The efficacy and other indicators were compared between the groups.Results:The overall effective rates between the groups were similar(P>0.05).The experimental group had a longer surgical duration,lower pain scores at 6 months postoperatively,higher shoulder joint function scores,and a lower complication rate,with P<0.05 when compared between groups.Conclusion:The effectiveness of the double loop plate internal fixation system ligament reconstruction treatment for patients with HACD is comparable to that of hook plate fixation treatment.Although the surgical duration is slightly longer,postoperative pain is milder,facilitating the recovery of shoulder joint function in patients and offering higher safety.
文摘Purpose:The present study aimed to systematically review and compare 2 femoral autograft fixation techniques,namely,interference screws and suture anchors,for isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction in patients with recurrent patellofemoral instability at mid-to long-term follow-up.Methods:A literature search was performed in September 2020.All studies reporting the outcomes of primary isolated medial patellofemoral ligament reconstruction for recurrent patellofemoral instability were considered for inclusion.Only studies reporting the type of femoral autograft fixation under examination were considered.Studies reporting data from patients with elevated tibial tuberosity-tibial groove,patella alta,and/or Dejour’s trochlear dysplasia types C and D,were not included.Only articles reporting data with a minimum follow-up period of 18 months were considered.Results:Data from 19 studies(615 patients)were retrieved.The overall age was 24.4±6.7 years(mean±SD).The mean follow-up was 46.5±20.9 months.There were 76 patients in the anchor group and 539 in the screw group.Comparability was found with regard to age and follow-up duration between the 2 study groups.There was comparability between the Kujala,Lysholm,and Tegner scores at baseline.At the last follow-up,no worthy differences were found in terms of mean Kujala(+2.1%;p=0.04),Lysholm(+1.7%;p=0.05),and Tegner(+15.8%;p=0.05)scores.Although complications occurred almost exclusively in the screw cohort,no statistically significant difference was found.Conclusion:Femoral autograft fixation through interference screws or suture anchors report similar clinical scores and rate of apprehension test,persistent joint instability,re-dislocations,and revisions.These results must be interpreted within the limitations of the present study.
