With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing number of high-rise buildings,elevators,as key equipment for vertical transportation,have attracted significant attention regarding the safety,reliability,and e...With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing number of high-rise buildings,elevators,as key equipment for vertical transportation,have attracted significant attention regarding the safety,reliability,and efficiency of their operation.This design develops a four-floor elevator control system based on S7-200PLC.It realizes the following functions:the second and third floors support both upward and downward request functions(with corresponding indicator lights turning on),the first floor only supports the upward request function,and the fourth floor only supports the downward request function.Meanwhile,the elevator automatically opens its door after arriving at each floor and closes the door automatically 6 seconds later.The design aims to achieve precise control and efficient operation of the elevator.展开更多
In this research, the vibration of elevator ropes, including the main rope and compensation rope are investigated simultaneously in a high-rise elevator system under earthquake excitation. Moreover, the paper presents...In this research, the vibration of elevator ropes, including the main rope and compensation rope are investigated simultaneously in a high-rise elevator system under earthquake excitation. Moreover, the paper presents a new control method to restrain the sway of both ropes. This study considers varying rope lengths during elevator operation which cause other system parameters such as natural frequency, and damping ratio to be time-variant variables. The dynamics of the ropes are analyzed by solving the governing non-stationary, nonlinear equation numerically. In order to mitigate the vibration of ropes in several motion conditions, particularly upwards movement, downward movement, stopped at the lowest position, and stopped at the highest position, an active equipment is installed at the compensation sheave. The stability of the system using the controller is analyzed at four states: without disturbance and static car, without disturbance and mobile car, including disturbance and static car, and including disturbance and mobile car. The efficiency of the controller used for dampening the vibration of elevator ropes is validated by numerical simulation results.展开更多
In this paper, three different controllers are proposed and simulated for maglev guiding systems to have convenient and smooth elevator motion. The proposed controllers are PID, sliding mode, and PID sliding mode cont...In this paper, three different controllers are proposed and simulated for maglev guiding systems to have convenient and smooth elevator motion. The proposed controllers are PID, sliding mode, and PID sliding mode controllers. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed controllers are discussed. Although, PID controller is fast, its response affected considerably by external disturbances. Unlike PID, the sliding mode controller is so robust, but its transient is unsuitable based on application conditions. However, an acceptable controller for ropeless elevator guiding system should guaranty the passengers safety and convenient. Consequently, the response of the system should be fast, robust, and without considerable overshoots and oscillations. These required advantages are compromised in the proposed parallel PID sliding mode controller. The affectivity of the introduced controllers for maglev guiding system is investigated through conducted simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The obtained results illustrate that PID sliding mode controller is a so fast and robust controller for a ropeless elevator maglev guiding system.展开更多
In order to get a globally optimized solution for the Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) scheduling problem, an algorithm with an overall optimization function is needed. In this study, Real-time Particle Swarm Opti...In order to get a globally optimized solution for the Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) scheduling problem, an algorithm with an overall optimization function is needed. In this study, Real-time Particle Swarm Optimization (RPSO) is proposed to find an optimal solution to the EGCS scheduling problem. Different traffic patterns and controller mechanisms for EGCS are analyzed. This study focuses on up-peak traffic because of its critical importance to modern office buildings. Simulation results show that EGCS based on Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) using RPSO gives good results for up-peak EGCS scheduling problem. Besides, the elevator real-time scheduling and reallocation functions are realized based on RPSO in case new information is available or the elevator becomes busy because it is unavailable or full. This study contributes a new scheduling algorithm for EGCS, and expands the application of PSO.展开更多
Increase of elevator speed brings about amplified vibrations of high-speed elevator.In order to reduce the horizontal vibrations of high-speed elevator,a new type of hydraulic active guide roller system based on fuzzy...Increase of elevator speed brings about amplified vibrations of high-speed elevator.In order to reduce the horizontal vibrations of high-speed elevator,a new type of hydraulic active guide roller system based on fuzzy logic controller is developed.First the working principle of the hydraulic guide system is introduced,then the dynamic model of the horizontal vibrations for elevator cage with active guide roller system and the mathematical model of the hydraulic system are given.A fuzzy logic controller for the hydraulic system is designed to control the hydraulic actuator.To improve the control performance,preview compensation for the controller is provided.Finally,simulation and experiments are executed to verify the hydraulic active guide roller system and the control strategy.Both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the hydraulic active guide roller system can reduce the horizontal vibrations of the elevator effectively and has better effects than the passive one,and the fuzzy logic controller with preview compensation can give superior control performance.展开更多
Aiming at the diversity and nonlinearity of the elevator system control target, an effective group method based on a hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm and neural network is presented in this paper. The genetic alg...Aiming at the diversity and nonlinearity of the elevator system control target, an effective group method based on a hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm and neural network is presented in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to search the weight of the neural network. At the same time, the multi-objective-based evaluation function is adopted, in which there are three main indicators including the passenger waiting time, car passengers number and the number of stops. Different weights are given to meet the actual needs. The optimal values of the evaluation function are obtained, and the optimal dispatch control of the elevator group control system based on neural network is realized. By analyzing the running of the elevator group control system, all the processes and steps are presented. The validity of the hybrid algorithm is verified by the dynamic imitation performance.展开更多
Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of ...Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of applying Bluetooth to the elevator wireless control system is expected to get wide application. In this paper, a wireless control prototype system is introduced, and the experiments of this system proved the feasibility of this idea.展开更多
This paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function(LD-ASF)in lieu of the classic analytical speed function to control the climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration s...This paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function(LD-ASF)in lieu of the classic analytical speed function to control the climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration stability in cargo transportation.The LD-ASF is further optimized for payload transportation efficiency by a novel coordinate game theory to balance competing control objectives among payload transport speed,stable end body's libration,and overall control input via model predictive control.The transfer period is divided into several sections to reduce computational burden.The validity and efficacy of the proposed LD-ASF and coordinate game-based model predictive control are demonstrated by computer simulation.Numerical results reveal that the optimized LD-ASF results in higher transportation speed,stable end body's libration,lower thrust fuel consumption,and more flexible optimization space than the classic analytical speed function.展开更多
This paper studies the electrical control and inspection problems of the elevator brake. Summarize the working principle of electrical control system of elevator brake;analyze the common problems of elevator brake fro...This paper studies the electrical control and inspection problems of the elevator brake. Summarize the working principle of electrical control system of elevator brake;analyze the common problems of elevator brake from brake line and electrical system;analyze the factors affecting the quality;list the performance of unqualified elevator brake electrical control system;strengthen the inspection effect of elevator brake and the countermeasures to prevent the failure of elevator brake.展开更多
We know that there are many risk factors in elevator inspection, including environmental risk caused by internal interface characteristics of high-rise buildings, operator operation risk, mechanical risk and other ris...We know that there are many risk factors in elevator inspection, including environmental risk caused by internal interface characteristics of high-rise buildings, operator operation risk, mechanical risk and other risk factors that will lead to more serious safety events. In order to make elevator inspection safer, it is necessary to analyze its hazard sources to avoid safety risks. The elevator itself has a complex structure, which determines the difficulty of elevator maintenance. Therefore, operators must prevent mechanical injury accidents, electrical injury accidents and falling accidents in advance, so as to carry out elevator maintenance safely and orderly on the premise of ensuring their own safety.展开更多
This paper studies the libration and stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system in circular orbits. The system is made up of two paralleled partial space elevators, each of which consists of one main sa...This paper studies the libration and stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system in circular orbits. The system is made up of two paralleled partial space elevators, each of which consists of one main satellite, one end body and a climber moving along the tether between them.The libration characteristics of the elevator are studied through numerical analysis by a new dynamic model, and a novel control strategy is proposed to stabilize the swing of the end body by projecting the climber speeds only. Optimal control method is used to implement the new control strategy in the case where the climbers move in opposite direction. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy whose application will neither sacrifice the transport efficiency nor exacerbate libration significantly.展开更多
Elevators are essential components of contemporary buildings, enabling efficient vertical mobility for occupants. However, the proliferation of tall buildings has exacerbated challenges such as traffic congestion with...Elevators are essential components of contemporary buildings, enabling efficient vertical mobility for occupants. However, the proliferation of tall buildings has exacerbated challenges such as traffic congestion within elevator systems. Many passengers experience dissatisfaction with prolonged wait times, leading to impatience and frustration among building occupants. The widespread adoption of neural networks and deep learning technologies across various fields and industries represents a significant paradigm shift, and unlocking new avenues for innovation and advancement. These cutting-edge technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to address complex challenges and optimize processes in diverse domains. In this study, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network technology is leveraged to analyze elevator traffic flow within a typical office building. By harnessing the predictive capabilities of LSTM, the research aims to contribute to advancements in elevator group control design, ultimately enhancing the functionality and efficiency of vertical transportation systems in built environments. The findings of this research have the potential to reference the development of intelligent elevator management systems, capable of dynamically adapting to fluctuating passenger demand and optimizing elevator usage in real-time. By enhancing the efficiency and functionality of vertical transportation systems, the research contributes to creating more sustainable, accessible, and user-friendly living environments for individuals across diverse demographics.展开更多
Abstract Objectives The authors sought to describe the association between post-procedural bleeding and long-term recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, and mortality among older patients undergoin...Abstract Objectives The authors sought to describe the association between post-procedural bleeding and long-term recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, and mortality among older patients undergoing per-cutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.展开更多
Two-lap sequential control converters are usually adopted to supply and improve the power factor of input side. The line harmonic damage generated by a sequential control thyristor converter can be serious. To solve t...Two-lap sequential control converters are usually adopted to supply and improve the power factor of input side. The line harmonic damage generated by a sequential control thyristor converter can be serious. To solve this prob-lem and seek an optimum control strategy,we derived the changeable regular of the line-input-current,the fundamen-tal-frequency-current,the harmonic-current-content and the harmonic total distortion ratio of the converter at different firing angles. We obtained relevant data from experiments with a sequential control system of a DC 2.2kW/220V motor. With the example of the operating condition of a DC mine elevator,the harmonic current is two times approximately in sequential control compared to synchronous control when the firing angle of the two converters differs in 30°. At dif-ferent operating states of a two-lap connection converter,the ideal strategy is an exchange between sequential control and synchronous control,by which we can achieve the complementary goal of improving the power factor and har-monic effect. All analytical conclusions are supported by simulation and experimental results.展开更多
A fuzzy control scheme is presented according to the coal quantity in the main coal bunker, this method has a good dynamic response characteristic and is suited for complex nonlin-ear systems. The designation of self-...A fuzzy control scheme is presented according to the coal quantity in the main coal bunker, this method has a good dynamic response characteristic and is suited for complex nonlin-ear systems. The designation of self-adopting fuzzy controller, the working principle and functions of this system are also proposed, with the hardware and the main flow diagram of this system in-troduced in this paper.展开更多
The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, ele...The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, elevated roads have been built in many cities both at home and abroad. However, traffic jams frequently appear on elevated roads immediately after the completion of their construction. The awkward situation mainly results from the planning bug or the unsuitable control, apart from drastic increase in transportation demand. Elevated roads,展开更多
With the rapid and comprehensive development of China's high-speed railway passenger transport, China's railway bridge construction has also made rapid progress. The high demand of bridge construction urges us...With the rapid and comprehensive development of China's high-speed railway passenger transport, China's railway bridge construction has also made rapid progress. The high demand of bridge construction urges us to have a high standard of construction quality, among which the layout of bridge construction control network and the calculation of construction lofting points are very important links. High-precision construction control network and accurate calculation are the necessary prerequisites for high-quality construction. This pap summarizes that selection of control network layout plan and the key points of quality control in the process.展开更多
基金College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program of Jinzhong University。
文摘With the acceleration of urbanization and the increasing number of high-rise buildings,elevators,as key equipment for vertical transportation,have attracted significant attention regarding the safety,reliability,and efficiency of their operation.This design develops a four-floor elevator control system based on S7-200PLC.It realizes the following functions:the second and third floors support both upward and downward request functions(with corresponding indicator lights turning on),the first floor only supports the upward request function,and the fourth floor only supports the downward request function.Meanwhile,the elevator automatically opens its door after arriving at each floor and closes the door automatically 6 seconds later.The design aims to achieve precise control and efficient operation of the elevator.
文摘In this research, the vibration of elevator ropes, including the main rope and compensation rope are investigated simultaneously in a high-rise elevator system under earthquake excitation. Moreover, the paper presents a new control method to restrain the sway of both ropes. This study considers varying rope lengths during elevator operation which cause other system parameters such as natural frequency, and damping ratio to be time-variant variables. The dynamics of the ropes are analyzed by solving the governing non-stationary, nonlinear equation numerically. In order to mitigate the vibration of ropes in several motion conditions, particularly upwards movement, downward movement, stopped at the lowest position, and stopped at the highest position, an active equipment is installed at the compensation sheave. The stability of the system using the controller is analyzed at four states: without disturbance and static car, without disturbance and mobile car, including disturbance and static car, and including disturbance and mobile car. The efficiency of the controller used for dampening the vibration of elevator ropes is validated by numerical simulation results.
文摘In this paper, three different controllers are proposed and simulated for maglev guiding systems to have convenient and smooth elevator motion. The proposed controllers are PID, sliding mode, and PID sliding mode controllers. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed controllers are discussed. Although, PID controller is fast, its response affected considerably by external disturbances. Unlike PID, the sliding mode controller is so robust, but its transient is unsuitable based on application conditions. However, an acceptable controller for ropeless elevator guiding system should guaranty the passengers safety and convenient. Consequently, the response of the system should be fast, robust, and without considerable overshoots and oscillations. These required advantages are compromised in the proposed parallel PID sliding mode controller. The affectivity of the introduced controllers for maglev guiding system is investigated through conducted simulations in MATLAB/Simulink environment. The obtained results illustrate that PID sliding mode controller is a so fast and robust controller for a ropeless elevator maglev guiding system.
文摘In order to get a globally optimized solution for the Elevator Group Control System (EGCS) scheduling problem, an algorithm with an overall optimization function is needed. In this study, Real-time Particle Swarm Optimization (RPSO) is proposed to find an optimal solution to the EGCS scheduling problem. Different traffic patterns and controller mechanisms for EGCS are analyzed. This study focuses on up-peak traffic because of its critical importance to modern office buildings. Simulation results show that EGCS based on Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) using RPSO gives good results for up-peak EGCS scheduling problem. Besides, the elevator real-time scheduling and reallocation functions are realized based on RPSO in case new information is available or the elevator becomes busy because it is unavailable or full. This study contributes a new scheduling algorithm for EGCS, and expands the application of PSO.
文摘Increase of elevator speed brings about amplified vibrations of high-speed elevator.In order to reduce the horizontal vibrations of high-speed elevator,a new type of hydraulic active guide roller system based on fuzzy logic controller is developed.First the working principle of the hydraulic guide system is introduced,then the dynamic model of the horizontal vibrations for elevator cage with active guide roller system and the mathematical model of the hydraulic system are given.A fuzzy logic controller for the hydraulic system is designed to control the hydraulic actuator.To improve the control performance,preview compensation for the controller is provided.Finally,simulation and experiments are executed to verify the hydraulic active guide roller system and the control strategy.Both the simulation and experimental results indicate that the hydraulic active guide roller system can reduce the horizontal vibrations of the elevator effectively and has better effects than the passive one,and the fuzzy logic controller with preview compensation can give superior control performance.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No60874077) Specialized Research Funds for Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (No20060056054) Research Funds for Scientific Financing Projects of Quality Control Public Welfare Profession (No2007GYB172)
文摘Aiming at the diversity and nonlinearity of the elevator system control target, an effective group method based on a hybrid algorithm of genetic algorithm and neural network is presented in this paper. The genetic algorithm is used to search the weight of the neural network. At the same time, the multi-objective-based evaluation function is adopted, in which there are three main indicators including the passenger waiting time, car passengers number and the number of stops. Different weights are given to meet the actual needs. The optimal values of the evaluation function are obtained, and the optimal dispatch control of the elevator group control system based on neural network is realized. By analyzing the running of the elevator group control system, all the processes and steps are presented. The validity of the hybrid algorithm is verified by the dynamic imitation performance.
文摘Compared with other elevator control systems, the wireless control system has many advantages such as easy to install and maintain. Bluetooth is a new technology of short-range wireless communication, and the idea of applying Bluetooth to the elevator wireless control system is expected to get wide application. In this paper, a wireless control prototype system is introduced, and the experiments of this system proved the feasibility of this idea.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12102487)Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012339)+1 种基金Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(ZDSYS20210623091808026)the Discovery Grant(RGPIN-2024-06290)of the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada。
文摘This paper proposed a new libration decoupling analytical speed function(LD-ASF)in lieu of the classic analytical speed function to control the climber's speed along a partial space elevator to improve libration stability in cargo transportation.The LD-ASF is further optimized for payload transportation efficiency by a novel coordinate game theory to balance competing control objectives among payload transport speed,stable end body's libration,and overall control input via model predictive control.The transfer period is divided into several sections to reduce computational burden.The validity and efficacy of the proposed LD-ASF and coordinate game-based model predictive control are demonstrated by computer simulation.Numerical results reveal that the optimized LD-ASF results in higher transportation speed,stable end body's libration,lower thrust fuel consumption,and more flexible optimization space than the classic analytical speed function.
文摘This paper studies the electrical control and inspection problems of the elevator brake. Summarize the working principle of electrical control system of elevator brake;analyze the common problems of elevator brake from brake line and electrical system;analyze the factors affecting the quality;list the performance of unqualified elevator brake electrical control system;strengthen the inspection effect of elevator brake and the countermeasures to prevent the failure of elevator brake.
文摘We know that there are many risk factors in elevator inspection, including environmental risk caused by internal interface characteristics of high-rise buildings, operator operation risk, mechanical risk and other risk factors that will lead to more serious safety events. In order to make elevator inspection safer, it is necessary to analyze its hazard sources to avoid safety risks. The elevator itself has a complex structure, which determines the difficulty of elevator maintenance. Therefore, operators must prevent mechanical injury accidents, electrical injury accidents and falling accidents in advance, so as to carry out elevator maintenance safely and orderly on the premise of ensuring their own safety.
基金supported by the Discovery Grant (No. RGPIN2018-05991)Discovery Accelerate Supplement Grant (No. RGPAS-2018-522709) of Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaGuangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (No. 2019A1515111056)。
文摘This paper studies the libration and stabilization of a parallel partial space elevator system in circular orbits. The system is made up of two paralleled partial space elevators, each of which consists of one main satellite, one end body and a climber moving along the tether between them.The libration characteristics of the elevator are studied through numerical analysis by a new dynamic model, and a novel control strategy is proposed to stabilize the swing of the end body by projecting the climber speeds only. Optimal control method is used to implement the new control strategy in the case where the climbers move in opposite direction. The simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed control strategy whose application will neither sacrifice the transport efficiency nor exacerbate libration significantly.
文摘Elevators are essential components of contemporary buildings, enabling efficient vertical mobility for occupants. However, the proliferation of tall buildings has exacerbated challenges such as traffic congestion within elevator systems. Many passengers experience dissatisfaction with prolonged wait times, leading to impatience and frustration among building occupants. The widespread adoption of neural networks and deep learning technologies across various fields and industries represents a significant paradigm shift, and unlocking new avenues for innovation and advancement. These cutting-edge technologies offer unprecedented opportunities to address complex challenges and optimize processes in diverse domains. In this study, LSTM (Long Short-Term Memory) network technology is leveraged to analyze elevator traffic flow within a typical office building. By harnessing the predictive capabilities of LSTM, the research aims to contribute to advancements in elevator group control design, ultimately enhancing the functionality and efficiency of vertical transportation systems in built environments. The findings of this research have the potential to reference the development of intelligent elevator management systems, capable of dynamically adapting to fluctuating passenger demand and optimizing elevator usage in real-time. By enhancing the efficiency and functionality of vertical transportation systems, the research contributes to creating more sustainable, accessible, and user-friendly living environments for individuals across diverse demographics.
文摘Abstract Objectives The authors sought to describe the association between post-procedural bleeding and long-term recurrent bleeding, major adverse cardiac events （MACE）, and mortality among older patients undergoing per-cutaneous coronary intervention （PCI）.
基金Project GC06A523 supported by the Science and Technology Department of Heilongjiang Province
文摘Two-lap sequential control converters are usually adopted to supply and improve the power factor of input side. The line harmonic damage generated by a sequential control thyristor converter can be serious. To solve this prob-lem and seek an optimum control strategy,we derived the changeable regular of the line-input-current,the fundamen-tal-frequency-current,the harmonic-current-content and the harmonic total distortion ratio of the converter at different firing angles. We obtained relevant data from experiments with a sequential control system of a DC 2.2kW/220V motor. With the example of the operating condition of a DC mine elevator,the harmonic current is two times approximately in sequential control compared to synchronous control when the firing angle of the two converters differs in 30°. At dif-ferent operating states of a two-lap connection converter,the ideal strategy is an exchange between sequential control and synchronous control,by which we can achieve the complementary goal of improving the power factor and har-monic effect. All analytical conclusions are supported by simulation and experimental results.
文摘A fuzzy control scheme is presented according to the coal quantity in the main coal bunker, this method has a good dynamic response characteristic and is suited for complex nonlin-ear systems. The designation of self-adopting fuzzy controller, the working principle and functions of this system are also proposed, with the hardware and the main flow diagram of this system in-troduced in this paper.
文摘The rapid development of the automobile industry and the relative lag of the road construction have constituted a prominent contradiction all over the world, particularly, in most of large cities. To cope with it, elevated roads have been built in many cities both at home and abroad. However, traffic jams frequently appear on elevated roads immediately after the completion of their construction. The awkward situation mainly results from the planning bug or the unsuitable control, apart from drastic increase in transportation demand. Elevated roads,
文摘With the rapid and comprehensive development of China's high-speed railway passenger transport, China's railway bridge construction has also made rapid progress. The high demand of bridge construction urges us to have a high standard of construction quality, among which the layout of bridge construction control network and the calculation of construction lofting points are very important links. High-precision construction control network and accurate calculation are the necessary prerequisites for high-quality construction. This pap summarizes that selection of control network layout plan and the key points of quality control in the process.
