Background: The shape of the capitellum has been traditionally described in anatomy books as part of a sphere. Alteration in the capitellar morphology following pathologies such as fractures, osteochondrosis, and dege...Background: The shape of the capitellum has been traditionally described in anatomy books as part of a sphere. Alteration in the capitellar morphology following pathologies such as fractures, osteochondrosis, and degenerative arthritis has been associated with less optimum functional results. Aim: To define the relationship between the sphericity of the capitellar morphology as measured on trauma series plain radiographs and the elbow range of motion. Methods: 40 patients were included in the study. All patients recruited from the upper limb clinics presented with non-elbow joint-related complaints. The elbow range of motion was measured using a standardized technique. Digital anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of patients’ elbows were used to measure capitellar circularity using the ImageJ processing program and circularity calculation equation. Correlation analyses were conducted between the degree of capitellar sphericity and elbow range of motion. Results: The results of measurements from the anteroposterior radiographs showed a positive correlation between increased circularity and an increase in the range of flexion, pronation, and supination. The range of extension decreased with the increased circularity of the capitellum. This trend was repeated with measures of lateral radiographs but was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Native capitellar circularity has an impact on the elbow range of motion. This should be put into consideration when dealing with pathologies that affect capitellar morphology.展开更多
Removal of foreign bodies from seed mixtures, or their calibration for use as planting material, as well as fraction classification of granular materials requires screening surfaces with vibratory motion. This paper p...Removal of foreign bodies from seed mixtures, or their calibration for use as planting material, as well as fraction classification of granular materials requires screening surfaces with vibratory motion. This paper presents some aspects on the working process of a sieve, made of perforated sheet and having an outer conical surface with oscillatory circular motion （alternative） on the horizontal. Results are presented for some experimental researches on the movement of material on the sieve, for various kinematical parameters of the sieve （amplitude and oscillation frequency）. A conical sieve, suspended at the upper and lower in three points, was tested for screening of rapeseeds in order to estimate the influence of oscillation frequency on the screening process. Curves were drawn for separation intensity on the sieve generating line, and by regression analysis with normal distribution law were determined the equation coefficients and the correlation with experimental data. Movement of material on the sieve and its working process, in general, was appreciated by means of the peak position of distribution curve depending on the oscillation frequency of the sieve, considering that the normal distribution law correlates very well the data obtained by experiments.展开更多
For any study ofa suspension entering a pore, the knowledge of the force and moment exerted on a solute particle in an arbitrary position outside the pore is essential, 'This paper for the first lime presents appr...For any study ofa suspension entering a pore, the knowledge of the force and moment exerted on a solute particle in an arbitrary position outside the pore is essential, 'This paper for the first lime presents approximate analytical expressions (in closed form) of all the twelve force and moment coefficienis for a sphere outsied a circular orifice, on the basis of a number of discrete data computed by Yan et al(1987).These coefficients are then applied to calculate the trajectory and angular velocity of a spherical particle approaching the pore at zero Reynolds number. The trajectory is in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. An analysis of the relative importance of the coefficients shows that the rotation effect cannot be neglected near the pore opening or near the wall, and that the lateral force effect must be taken into account in the neighborhood of the edge of the pore opening. It is due to neglecting these factors that previous theoretical results deviate from the experimental ones near the pore opening. The effects of the ratio of the particle to pore radii as well as the influences of the graritytbuoyance on the particle trajectory, velocity distribution and rotation are discnssed in detail. It is pointed out that in the experiments of neutrally-buoyant suspensions, the restriction on the density of the particle is most demanding for a large particle size.The expressions of forces and moments presenled herein are complete, relatively accurate and convenient, thus providing a good prerequisite for further studies of any problems involving the entrance of particles to a pare.展开更多
Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,t...Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,the impact of the inherent properties of active particles on collective motion under confined conditions remains elusive.Here,we use a highly tunable active nematics model to study active systems under confinement,focusing on the effect of the self-driven speed of active particles.We identify three distinct states characterized by unique particle and flow fields within confined active nematic systems,among which circular rotation emerges as a collective motion involving rotational movement in both particle and flow fields.The theoretical phase diagram shows that increasing the self-driven speed of active particles significantly enhances the region of the circular rotation state and improves its stability.Our results provide insights into the formation of high quality vortices in confined active nematic systems.展开更多
In this paper,we study the dynamics of an idealized benchmark bicycle moving on a surface of revolution.We employ symbolic manipulations to derive the contact constraint equations from an ordered process,and apply the...In this paper,we study the dynamics of an idealized benchmark bicycle moving on a surface of revolution.We employ symbolic manipulations to derive the contact constraint equations from an ordered process,and apply the Lagrangian equations of the first type to establish the nonlinear differential algebraic equations(DAEs),leaving nine coupled differential equations,six contact equations,two holonomic constraint equations and four nonholonomic constraint equations.We then present a complete description of hands-free circular motions,in which the time-dependent variables are eliminated through a rotation transformation.We find that the circular motions,similar to those of the bicycle moving on a horizontal surface,nominally fall into four solution families,characterized by four curves varying with the angular speed of the front wheel.Then,we numerically investigate how the topological profiles of these curves change with the parameter of the revolution surface.Furthermore,we directly linearize the nonlinear DAEs,from which a reduced linearized system is obtained by removing the dependent coordinates and counting the symmetries arising from cyclic coordinates.The stability of the circular motion is then analyzed according to the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the reduced linearized system around the equilibrium position.We find that a stable circular motion exists only if the curvature of the revolution surface is very small and it is limited in small sections of solution families.Finally,based on the numerical simulation of the original nonlinear DAEs system,we show that the stable circular motion is not asymptotically stable.展开更多
The non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate resting on a layered transversely isotropic saturated ground was studied. First, the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropi...The non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate resting on a layered transversely isotropic saturated ground was studied. First, the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soils were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth, and the state equation is established by Hankel integral transform method, furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media are derived based on the solutions of the state equation. Secondly, by the transfer matrixes, the general solutions of dynamic response for layered transversely isotropic saturated ground excited by an arbitrary harmonic force were established under the boundary conditions, drainage conditions on the surface of ground as well as the contact conditions. Thirdly, the problem was led to a pair of dual integral equations describing the mixed boundaryvalue problem which can be reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind solved by numerical procedure easily. At the end of this paper, a numerical result concerning vertical and radical displacements both the surface of saturated ground and plate is evaluated.展开更多
A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space ...A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space is proposed by applying the discrete Fourier series expansions of sine and cosine functions. The semi-circular hill problem is discussed as a special case for the new formulated equation.Compared with the previous semi-circular cases solutions, the present method can give surface displacement amplitudes which agrees well with previous results. Although the proposed equation can only solve the problem of SH-waves diffracted by almost semi-circular shallow hills, the stress and displacement residual amplitudes are numerical insignificantly everywhere. Moreover, the influences of the depth-towidth ratio（a parameter defined in this paper to evaluate the shallowness of the topography of hills） on ground motions are presented and summarized. The limitations and errors of truncation from Graf’s addition theorem and Fourier series equations in the present paper are also discussed.展开更多
The random wave load is applied to dynamic response analysis of circular caisson breakwater. The motion process of circular caisson breakwater is classified as rotation motion mode and rotation-and-sliding motion mode...The random wave load is applied to dynamic response analysis of circular caisson breakwater. The motion process of circular caisson breakwater is classified as rotation motion mode and rotation-and-sliding motion mode. The dynamic model system composed of damper-antislider to control the lateral sliding is introduced, and corresponding dynamic equations of two motion modes are established. The formulas to calculate added mass and new conversion relation of the unit rota- tional stiffness coefficient are put forward according to the characteristic of the circular caisson breakwater. An engineering case is calculated by a program compiled in Fortran language using proposed dynamic model and method. The validity of the model is calibrated.展开更多
文摘Background: The shape of the capitellum has been traditionally described in anatomy books as part of a sphere. Alteration in the capitellar morphology following pathologies such as fractures, osteochondrosis, and degenerative arthritis has been associated with less optimum functional results. Aim: To define the relationship between the sphericity of the capitellar morphology as measured on trauma series plain radiographs and the elbow range of motion. Methods: 40 patients were included in the study. All patients recruited from the upper limb clinics presented with non-elbow joint-related complaints. The elbow range of motion was measured using a standardized technique. Digital anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of patients’ elbows were used to measure capitellar circularity using the ImageJ processing program and circularity calculation equation. Correlation analyses were conducted between the degree of capitellar sphericity and elbow range of motion. Results: The results of measurements from the anteroposterior radiographs showed a positive correlation between increased circularity and an increase in the range of flexion, pronation, and supination. The range of extension decreased with the increased circularity of the capitellum. This trend was repeated with measures of lateral radiographs but was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Native capitellar circularity has an impact on the elbow range of motion. This should be put into consideration when dealing with pathologies that affect capitellar morphology.
文摘Removal of foreign bodies from seed mixtures, or their calibration for use as planting material, as well as fraction classification of granular materials requires screening surfaces with vibratory motion. This paper presents some aspects on the working process of a sieve, made of perforated sheet and having an outer conical surface with oscillatory circular motion （alternative） on the horizontal. Results are presented for some experimental researches on the movement of material on the sieve, for various kinematical parameters of the sieve （amplitude and oscillation frequency）. A conical sieve, suspended at the upper and lower in three points, was tested for screening of rapeseeds in order to estimate the influence of oscillation frequency on the screening process. Curves were drawn for separation intensity on the sieve generating line, and by regression analysis with normal distribution law were determined the equation coefficients and the correlation with experimental data. Movement of material on the sieve and its working process, in general, was appreciated by means of the peak position of distribution curve depending on the oscillation frequency of the sieve, considering that the normal distribution law correlates very well the data obtained by experiments.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘For any study ofa suspension entering a pore, the knowledge of the force and moment exerted on a solute particle in an arbitrary position outside the pore is essential, 'This paper for the first lime presents approximate analytical expressions (in closed form) of all the twelve force and moment coefficienis for a sphere outsied a circular orifice, on the basis of a number of discrete data computed by Yan et al(1987).These coefficients are then applied to calculate the trajectory and angular velocity of a spherical particle approaching the pore at zero Reynolds number. The trajectory is in excellent agreement with the available experimental results. An analysis of the relative importance of the coefficients shows that the rotation effect cannot be neglected near the pore opening or near the wall, and that the lateral force effect must be taken into account in the neighborhood of the edge of the pore opening. It is due to neglecting these factors that previous theoretical results deviate from the experimental ones near the pore opening. The effects of the ratio of the particle to pore radii as well as the influences of the graritytbuoyance on the particle trajectory, velocity distribution and rotation are discnssed in detail. It is pointed out that in the experiments of neutrally-buoyant suspensions, the restriction on the density of the particle is most demanding for a large particle size.The expressions of forces and moments presenled herein are complete, relatively accurate and convenient, thus providing a good prerequisite for further studies of any problems involving the entrance of particles to a pare.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2022YFA1405000Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology under Grant No.2024ZD0300101the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.12274212,12174184,12347102。
文摘Active matter exhibits collective motions at various scales.Geometric confinement has been identified as an effective way to control and manipulate active fluids,with much attention given to external factors.However,the impact of the inherent properties of active particles on collective motion under confined conditions remains elusive.Here,we use a highly tunable active nematics model to study active systems under confinement,focusing on the effect of the self-driven speed of active particles.We identify three distinct states characterized by unique particle and flow fields within confined active nematic systems,among which circular rotation emerges as a collective motion involving rotational movement in both particle and flow fields.The theoretical phase diagram shows that increasing the self-driven speed of active particles significantly enhances the region of the circular rotation state and improves its stability.Our results provide insights into the formation of high quality vortices in confined active nematic systems.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants 11932001 and 11702002).
文摘In this paper,we study the dynamics of an idealized benchmark bicycle moving on a surface of revolution.We employ symbolic manipulations to derive the contact constraint equations from an ordered process,and apply the Lagrangian equations of the first type to establish the nonlinear differential algebraic equations(DAEs),leaving nine coupled differential equations,six contact equations,two holonomic constraint equations and four nonholonomic constraint equations.We then present a complete description of hands-free circular motions,in which the time-dependent variables are eliminated through a rotation transformation.We find that the circular motions,similar to those of the bicycle moving on a horizontal surface,nominally fall into four solution families,characterized by four curves varying with the angular speed of the front wheel.Then,we numerically investigate how the topological profiles of these curves change with the parameter of the revolution surface.Furthermore,we directly linearize the nonlinear DAEs,from which a reduced linearized system is obtained by removing the dependent coordinates and counting the symmetries arising from cyclic coordinates.The stability of the circular motion is then analyzed according to the eigenvalues of the Jacobian matrix of the reduced linearized system around the equilibrium position.We find that a stable circular motion exists only if the curvature of the revolution surface is very small and it is limited in small sections of solution families.Finally,based on the numerical simulation of the original nonlinear DAEs system,we show that the stable circular motion is not asymptotically stable.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50678108)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.Y106264 )
文摘The non-axisymmetrical vibration of elastic circular plate resting on a layered transversely isotropic saturated ground was studied. First, the 3-d dynamic equations in cylindrical coordinate for transversely isotropic saturated soils were transformed into a group of governing differential equations with 1-order by the technique of Fourier expanding with respect to azimuth, and the state equation is established by Hankel integral transform method, furthermore the transfer matrixes within layered media are derived based on the solutions of the state equation. Secondly, by the transfer matrixes, the general solutions of dynamic response for layered transversely isotropic saturated ground excited by an arbitrary harmonic force were established under the boundary conditions, drainage conditions on the surface of ground as well as the contact conditions. Thirdly, the problem was led to a pair of dual integral equations describing the mixed boundaryvalue problem which can be reduced to the Fredholm integral equations of the second kind solved by numerical procedure easily. At the end of this paper, a numerical result concerning vertical and radical displacements both the surface of saturated ground and plate is evaluated.
文摘A closed-form wave equation analytic solution of two-dimensional scattering and diffraction of outof-plane（SH） waves by an almost semi-circular shallow cylindrical hill on a flat, elastic and homogeneous half space is proposed by applying the discrete Fourier series expansions of sine and cosine functions. The semi-circular hill problem is discussed as a special case for the new formulated equation.Compared with the previous semi-circular cases solutions, the present method can give surface displacement amplitudes which agrees well with previous results. Although the proposed equation can only solve the problem of SH-waves diffracted by almost semi-circular shallow hills, the stress and displacement residual amplitudes are numerical insignificantly everywhere. Moreover, the influences of the depth-towidth ratio（a parameter defined in this paper to evaluate the shallowness of the topography of hills） on ground motions are presented and summarized. The limitations and errors of truncation from Graf’s addition theorem and Fourier series equations in the present paper are also discussed.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 59909005)Doctor Foundation of Education Ministry of China(No. 20020056030)
文摘The random wave load is applied to dynamic response analysis of circular caisson breakwater. The motion process of circular caisson breakwater is classified as rotation motion mode and rotation-and-sliding motion mode. The dynamic model system composed of damper-antislider to control the lateral sliding is introduced, and corresponding dynamic equations of two motion modes are established. The formulas to calculate added mass and new conversion relation of the unit rota- tional stiffness coefficient are put forward according to the characteristic of the circular caisson breakwater. An engineering case is calculated by a program compiled in Fortran language using proposed dynamic model and method. The validity of the model is calibrated.
