By installing an X-mode polarized Q-band（32-56 GHz） reflectometry at the low field side on EAST,the zero density cutoff layer was determined and the edge density profile was measured in normally operating plasmas.A ...By installing an X-mode polarized Q-band（32-56 GHz） reflectometry at the low field side on EAST,the zero density cutoff layer was determined and the edge density profile was measured in normally operating plasmas.A Monte Carlo procedure has been developed to analyze the density profiles by considering the error of time delay measured by reflectometry.By combining this Q-band and previously developed V- and W-band reflectometries,the density profiles from edge to core can be measured in most EAST experiments.The line integrated densities deduced from density profiles measured by reflectometry are consistent with those directly measured by a horizontal interferometer.The density pedestal measured by reflectometry shows a clear crash during an ELM（edge localized mode） event,after which the pedestal gradually increases and recovers in 10 ms and then remains little changed up to the next ELM.展开更多
Precise fluorescence imaging of single l-DNA molecules for base pair distance analysis requires a superresolution technique, as these distances are on the order of diffraction limit. Individual l-DNA molecules interca...Precise fluorescence imaging of single l-DNA molecules for base pair distance analysis requires a superresolution technique, as these distances are on the order of diffraction limit. Individual l-DNA molecules intercalated with the fluorescent dye YOYO-1 were investigated at subdiffraction spatial resolution by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy（d STORM）. Various dye-to-DNA base pair ratios were imaged by photoswitching YOYO-1 between the fluorescent state and the dark state using two laser sources. The acquired images were reconstructed into a super-resolution image by applying Gaussian fitting to the centroid of the point spread function. By measuring the distances between localized fluorophores, the base pair distances in single DNA molecules for dye-to-DNA base pair ratios of 1：50,1：100, and 1：500 were calculated to be 17.1 0.8 nm, 34.3 2.2 nm, and 170.3 8.1 nm[17_TD$IF], respectively,which were in agreement with theoretical values. These results demonstrate that intercalating dye in a single DNA molecule can be photoswitched without the use of an activator fluorophore, and that super-localization precision at a spatial resolution of 17 nm was experimentally achieved.展开更多
In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional(3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain mult...In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional(3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain multi-view point cloud data, and then multi-view point cloud data are registered and integrated into a 3D model. The measurement results are compared with that of the sticking marked point method. Experimental results show that the measurement process of the proposed method is simpler, and the scanning speed and accuracy are improved.展开更多
As a problem in data science the inverse Ising(or Potts)problem is to infer the parameters of a Gibbs-Boltzmann distributions of an Ising(or Potts)model from samples drawn from that distribution.The algorithmic and co...As a problem in data science the inverse Ising(or Potts)problem is to infer the parameters of a Gibbs-Boltzmann distributions of an Ising(or Potts)model from samples drawn from that distribution.The algorithmic and computational interest stems from the fact that this inference task cannot be carried out efficiently by the maximum likelihood criterion,since the normalizing constant of the distribution(the partition function)cannot be calculated exactly and efficiently.The practical interest on the other hand flows from several outstanding applications,of which the most well known has been predicting spatial contacts in protein structures from tables of homologous protein sequences.Most applications to date have been to data that has been produced by a dynamical process which,as far as it is known,cannot be expected to satisfy detailed balance.There is therefore no a priori reason to expect the distribution to be of the Gibbs-Boltzmann type,and no a priori reason to expect that inverse Ising(or Potts)techniques should yield useful information.In this review we discuss two types of problems where progress nevertheless can be made.We find that depending on model parameters there are phases where,in fact,the distribution is close to Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution,a non-equilibrium nature of the under-lying dynamics notwithstanding.We also discuss the relation between inferred Ising model parameters and parameters of the underlying dynamics.展开更多
A background removal method based on two-dimensional notch filtering in the frequency domain for polarization interference imaging spectrometers（PIISs） is implemented. According to the relationship between the spati...A background removal method based on two-dimensional notch filtering in the frequency domain for polarization interference imaging spectrometers（PIISs） is implemented. According to the relationship between the spatial domain and the frequency domain, the notch filter is designed with several parameters of PIISs, and the interferogram without a background is obtained. Both the simulated and the experimental results demonstrate that the background removal method is feasible and robust with a high processing speed. In addition, this method can reduce the noise level of the reconstructed spectrum, and it is insusceptible to a complicated background, compared with the polynomial fitting and empirical mode decomposition（EMD） methods.展开更多
基金supported by the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(Nos.2014GB106000 and 2014GB106003)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11275234,11305215,11305208)
文摘By installing an X-mode polarized Q-band（32-56 GHz） reflectometry at the low field side on EAST,the zero density cutoff layer was determined and the edge density profile was measured in normally operating plasmas.A Monte Carlo procedure has been developed to analyze the density profiles by considering the error of time delay measured by reflectometry.By combining this Q-band and previously developed V- and W-band reflectometries,the density profiles from edge to core can be measured in most EAST experiments.The line integrated densities deduced from density profiles measured by reflectometry are consistent with those directly measured by a horizontal interferometer.The density pedestal measured by reflectometry shows a clear crash during an ELM（edge localized mode） event,after which the pedestal gradually increases and recovers in 10 ms and then remains little changed up to the next ELM.
基金supported by a grant from Kyung Hee University in 2015(No.KHU-20150618)
文摘Precise fluorescence imaging of single l-DNA molecules for base pair distance analysis requires a superresolution technique, as these distances are on the order of diffraction limit. Individual l-DNA molecules intercalated with the fluorescent dye YOYO-1 were investigated at subdiffraction spatial resolution by direct stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy（d STORM）. Various dye-to-DNA base pair ratios were imaged by photoswitching YOYO-1 between the fluorescent state and the dark state using two laser sources. The acquired images were reconstructed into a super-resolution image by applying Gaussian fitting to the centroid of the point spread function. By measuring the distances between localized fluorophores, the base pair distances in single DNA molecules for dye-to-DNA base pair ratios of 1：50,1：100, and 1：500 were calculated to be 17.1 0.8 nm, 34.3 2.2 nm, and 170.3 8.1 nm[17_TD$IF], respectively,which were in agreement with theoretical values. These results demonstrate that intercalating dye in a single DNA molecule can be photoswitched without the use of an activator fluorophore, and that super-localization precision at a spatial resolution of 17 nm was experimentally achieved.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.60808020 and 61078041)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(Nos.15JCYBJC51700 and 16JCYBJC15400)the National Science and Technology Support(No.2014BAH03F01)
文摘In order to get the entire data in the optical measurement, a multi-view three-dimensional(3D) measurement method based on turntable is proposed. In the method, a turntable is used to rotate the object and obtain multi-view point cloud data, and then multi-view point cloud data are registered and integrated into a 3D model. The measurement results are compared with that of the sticking marked point method. Experimental results show that the measurement process of the proposed method is simpler, and the scanning speed and accuracy are improved.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11705097)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(Grant No.BK20170895)+1 种基金the Jiangsu Government Scholarship for Overseas Studies of 2018 and Scientific Research Foundation of Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,China(Grant No.NY217013)the Foundation for Polish Science through TEAM-NET Project(Grant No.POIR.04.04.00-00-17C1/18-00).
文摘As a problem in data science the inverse Ising(or Potts)problem is to infer the parameters of a Gibbs-Boltzmann distributions of an Ising(or Potts)model from samples drawn from that distribution.The algorithmic and computational interest stems from the fact that this inference task cannot be carried out efficiently by the maximum likelihood criterion,since the normalizing constant of the distribution(the partition function)cannot be calculated exactly and efficiently.The practical interest on the other hand flows from several outstanding applications,of which the most well known has been predicting spatial contacts in protein structures from tables of homologous protein sequences.Most applications to date have been to data that has been produced by a dynamical process which,as far as it is known,cannot be expected to satisfy detailed balance.There is therefore no a priori reason to expect the distribution to be of the Gibbs-Boltzmann type,and no a priori reason to expect that inverse Ising(or Potts)techniques should yield useful information.In this review we discuss two types of problems where progress nevertheless can be made.We find that depending on model parameters there are phases where,in fact,the distribution is close to Gibbs-Boltzmann distribution,a non-equilibrium nature of the under-lying dynamics notwithstanding.We also discuss the relation between inferred Ising model parameters and parameters of the underlying dynamics.
基金supported by the Major Program of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41530422)the National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.32-Y30B08-9001-13/15)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.61275184,61540018,61405153,and 60278019)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2012AA121101)
文摘A background removal method based on two-dimensional notch filtering in the frequency domain for polarization interference imaging spectrometers（PIISs） is implemented. According to the relationship between the spatial domain and the frequency domain, the notch filter is designed with several parameters of PIISs, and the interferogram without a background is obtained. Both the simulated and the experimental results demonstrate that the background removal method is feasible and robust with a high processing speed. In addition, this method can reduce the noise level of the reconstructed spectrum, and it is insusceptible to a complicated background, compared with the polynomial fitting and empirical mode decomposition（EMD） methods.
