The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-distur...The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].展开更多
The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the...The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and published data,we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model of twenty common and commercially important species in this area.We then use the model to project the status of the species from 2016 to 2050 under five constant-fishing-mortality management scenarios:(1)F=0;(2)F=F_(recent),the average fishing mortality from 2013 to 2015;(3)F=0.5F_(recent);(4)F=2F_(recent) and(5)F=3F_(recent).Several ecological indicators were used to track the dynamics of the community structure under different levels of fishing,including the mean body weight,slope of community size spectra(Slope),and total biomass.The validation demonstrated that size-at-age data of nine main catch species between our model predictions and those empirical data from assessments by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission matched well,with the R^(2)>0.9.The direct effect of fishing was the decreasing abundance of large-sized individuals.The mean body weight in the community decreased by~1500 g(21%)by 2050 when F doubled from F_(recent) to 2F_(recent).The higher the fishing mortality,the steeper the Slope was.The projection also indicated that fishing impacts reflected by the total biomass did not increase proportionally with the increasing fishing mortality.The biomass of the main target tuna species was still abundant over the projection period under the recent fishing mortality,except Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga).For sharks and billfishes,their biomass remained at relatively higher levels only under the F=0 scenario.The results can serve as a scientific reference for alternative management strategies in the tropical Pacific Ocean.展开更多
In order to investigate the antagonistic effect of Glycyrrhlza Uralensis Fish (GUF) and Chelidonium maJus L (CML) on gastrccarcinogenesls Induced by MNNG in Wastar rats, we treated the rats with MNNG alone (group 1) a...In order to investigate the antagonistic effect of Glycyrrhlza Uralensis Fish (GUF) and Chelidonium maJus L (CML) on gastrccarcinogenesls Induced by MNNG in Wastar rats, we treated the rats with MNNG alone (group 1) and with MNNG plus GUF and CML (group 2 and 3) respectively. The Incidence of Infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach and duodenum in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (26.7% vs. 67.8%). The differentiation and aggresslvenees of carcinomas occured in group 2 were much better and mild than those in group 1. Present study also demonstrated that the Inhibitory effect of CML on proliferation of human stomach carcinoma cell line MGC-803 was very remarkable; in addition, GUF and CML were able to antagonise the mutagenlc activation of MNNG. These results suggest that GUF and CML may be empoyed In prevention of gastric carcinoma.展开更多
基金provided by the NOAA Fishenes Service, MassFisherman's Partnership+1 种基金Northeast Consortiumthe Pew Institute for Ocean Science
文摘The Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary （southern Gulf of Maine, northwest Atlantic） is partially overlapped by the Western Gulf of Maine Closure Area （WGMCA）. This is a region in which mobile, bottom-disturbing fishing gear has been banned by the New England Fishery Management Council to facilitate the rebuilding of depleted gronndfish populations. We assessed the effects and effectiveness of the WGMCA on groundfish assemblages using habitat-stratified （gravel, sand, mixed benthic habitats） sampling by means of a commercial trawler, inside and outside of the WGMCA. Sampling occurred over three mouth-long sampling periods in 2004-2005, two during the spring seasons and one during the fall season. A total of 18 species were analyzed for protection effects. After controlling for substratum, location and sampling season, eight groundfish species exhibited higher mean proportional abundance inside than outside the WGMCA while two were proportionally more abundant on average outside of the closure. Four species had higher mean proportional biomasses on average inside the closure and three outside. We conclude that the WGMCA may be achieving its goal of rebuilding abundance and biomass for some commercially targeted groundfishes but not all. This study, six to seven years post-closure establishment, reveals fine-scale spatial and taxonomic complexity which will require a very different monitoring protocol than the one currently in place if adaptive management is to be successful in the region [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 134-143, 2010].
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No.41676120。
文摘The size-spectrum model has been considered a useful tool for understanding the structures of marine ecosystems and examining management implications for fisheries.Based on Chinese tuna longline observer data from the central and eastern tropical Pacific Ocean and published data,we developed and calibrated a multispecies size-spectrum model of twenty common and commercially important species in this area.We then use the model to project the status of the species from 2016 to 2050 under five constant-fishing-mortality management scenarios:(1)F=0;(2)F=F_(recent),the average fishing mortality from 2013 to 2015;(3)F=0.5F_(recent);(4)F=2F_(recent) and(5)F=3F_(recent).Several ecological indicators were used to track the dynamics of the community structure under different levels of fishing,including the mean body weight,slope of community size spectra(Slope),and total biomass.The validation demonstrated that size-at-age data of nine main catch species between our model predictions and those empirical data from assessments by the Western and Central Pacific Fisheries Commission matched well,with the R^(2)>0.9.The direct effect of fishing was the decreasing abundance of large-sized individuals.The mean body weight in the community decreased by~1500 g(21%)by 2050 when F doubled from F_(recent) to 2F_(recent).The higher the fishing mortality,the steeper the Slope was.The projection also indicated that fishing impacts reflected by the total biomass did not increase proportionally with the increasing fishing mortality.The biomass of the main target tuna species was still abundant over the projection period under the recent fishing mortality,except Albacore tuna(Thunnus alalunga).For sharks and billfishes,their biomass remained at relatively higher levels only under the F=0 scenario.The results can serve as a scientific reference for alternative management strategies in the tropical Pacific Ocean.
文摘In order to investigate the antagonistic effect of Glycyrrhlza Uralensis Fish (GUF) and Chelidonium maJus L (CML) on gastrccarcinogenesls Induced by MNNG in Wastar rats, we treated the rats with MNNG alone (group 1) and with MNNG plus GUF and CML (group 2 and 3) respectively. The Incidence of Infiltrating adenocarcinoma of the glandular stomach and duodenum in group 2 was significantly lower than that in group 1 (26.7% vs. 67.8%). The differentiation and aggresslvenees of carcinomas occured in group 2 were much better and mild than those in group 1. Present study also demonstrated that the Inhibitory effect of CML on proliferation of human stomach carcinoma cell line MGC-803 was very remarkable; in addition, GUF and CML were able to antagonise the mutagenlc activation of MNNG. These results suggest that GUF and CML may be empoyed In prevention of gastric carcinoma.
