A posteriori error estimate of the discontinuous-streamline diffusion method for first-order hyperbolic equations was presented, which can be used to adjust space mesh reasonably. A numerical example is given to illus...A posteriori error estimate of the discontinuous-streamline diffusion method for first-order hyperbolic equations was presented, which can be used to adjust space mesh reasonably. A numerical example is given to illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.展开更多
In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original...In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original scale. We obtain two estimators which minimize the asymptotic mean squared error （MM） and the asymptotic bias （MB）, respectively. Both the estimators are very easy to implement, and simulation studies show that they are perform better.展开更多
In this paper,we present a novel first-order digitalΣΔconverter tailored for digital-to-analog applications,focusing on achieving both high yield and reduced silicon estate.Our approach incorporates a substantial le...In this paper,we present a novel first-order digitalΣΔconverter tailored for digital-to-analog applications,focusing on achieving both high yield and reduced silicon estate.Our approach incorporates a substantial level of dithering noise into the input signal,strategically aimed at mitigating the spurious frequencies commonly encountered in such converters.Validation of our design is performed through simulations using a high-level simulator specialized in mixed-signal circuit analysis.The results underscore the enhanced performance of our circuit,especially in reducing spurious frequencies,highlighting its efficiency and effectiveness.The final circuit exhibits an effective number of bits of 13.展开更多
A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors &s...A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors σ. The margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σwas calculated by linearly interpolating two boundaries at Ʃ= 0 and Ʃ= σ, assuming that the van Herk margin approximation of k1Ʃ+ k2σis valid at Ʃ= σ. It was shown that a margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σmay be approximated by k1σ+ k2Ʃ, leading to a more general form of k1 max(Ʃ,σ) + k2 min(Ʃ,σ) which is a piecewise linear approximation for any values of Ʃand σ.展开更多
Long-term responses of floating structures pose a great concern in their design phase. Existing approaches for addressing long-term extreme responses are extremely cumbersome for adoption. This work aims to develop an...Long-term responses of floating structures pose a great concern in their design phase. Existing approaches for addressing long-term extreme responses are extremely cumbersome for adoption. This work aims to develop an approach for the long-term extreme-response analysis of floating structures. A modified gradient-based retrieval algorithm in conjunction with the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM) is proposed to enable the use of convolution models in long-term extreme analysis of structures with an analytical formula of response amplitude operator(RAO). The proposed algorithm ensures convergence stability and iteration accuracy and exhibits a higher computational efficiency than the traditional backtracking method. However, when the RAO of general offshore structures cannot be analytically expressed, the convolutional integration method fails to function properly. A numerical discretization approach is further proposed for offshore structures in the case when the analytical expression of the RAO is not feasible. Through iterative discretization of environmental contours(ECs) and RAOs, a detailed procedure is proposed to calculate the long-term response extremes of offshore structures. The validity and accuracy of the proposed approach are tested using a floating offshore wind turbine as a numerical example. The long-term extreme heave responses of various return periods are calculated via the IFORM in conjunction with a numerical discretization approach. The environmental data corresponding to N-year structural responses are located inside the ECs, which indicates that the selection of design points directly along the ECs yields conservative design results.展开更多
Due to the inability of manufacturing a single monolithic mirror at the 10-meter scales,segmented mirrors have become indispensable tools in modern astronomical research.However,to match the imaging performance of the...Due to the inability of manufacturing a single monolithic mirror at the 10-meter scales,segmented mirrors have become indispensable tools in modern astronomical research.However,to match the imaging performance of the monolithic counterpart,the sub-mirrors must maintain precise co-phasing.Piston error critically degrades segmented mirror imaging quality,necessitating efficient and precise detection.To ad-dress the limitations that the conventional circular-aperture diffraction with two-wavelength algorithm is sus-ceptible to decentration errors,and the traditional convolutional neural networks(CNNs)struggle to capture global features under large-range piston errors due to their restricted local receptive fields,this paper pro-poses a method that integrates extended Young’s interference principles with a Vision Transformer(ViT)to detect piston error.By suppressing decentration error interference through two symmetrically arranged aper-tures and extending the measurement range to±7.95μm via a two-wavelength(589 nm/600 nm)algorithm.This approach exploits ViT’s self-attention mechanism to model global characteristics of interference fringes.Unlike CNNs constrained by local convolutional kernels,the ViT significantly improves sensitivity to inter-ferogram periodicity.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a measurement accuracy of 5 nm(0.0083λ0)across the range of±7.95μm,while maintaining an accuracy exceeding 95%in the presence of Gaussian noise(SNR≥15 dB),Poisson noise(λ≥9 photons/pixel),and sub-mirror gap er-ror(Egap≤0.2)interference.Moreover,the detection speed shows significant improvement compared to the cross-correlation algorithm.This study establishes an accurate,robust framework for segmented mirror error detection,advancing high-precision astronomical observation.展开更多
There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology conti...There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.展开更多
Online programming platforms are popular in programming education.However,there has been no research investigating students’real opinions and expectations of the error feedback mechanisms,leaving educators without a ...Online programming platforms are popular in programming education.However,there has been no research investigating students’real opinions and expectations of the error feedback mechanisms,leaving educators without a solid data foundation when attempting to improve the error feedback mechanisms.This paper makes a survey of 834 students across various programming courses and investigates student perceptions of error feedback mechanisms on online programming platforms.It explores the effectiveness of existing feedback,student satisfaction,and preferences for potential improvements,focusing on automatic error localization and program repair mechanisms.Results reveal a significant portion of students are dissatisfied with current feedback due to its limited informativeness.Students also express a clear demand for stronger feedback mechanisms,such as error localization and repair hints.Nevertheless,they prefer feedback that subtly guides them toward solutions,rather than providing direct and explicit answers,valuing the opportunity to enhance their debugging skills.The findings suggest a need for balanced,educational-focused feedback mechanisms that aid learning while promoting independent problem-solving.展开更多
This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administratio...This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of the total computer vision syndrome questionnaire(CVS-Q)score as a predictive tool for identifying individuals with symptomatic binocular vision anomalies and refractive errors.METHODS:A...AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of the total computer vision syndrome questionnaire(CVS-Q)score as a predictive tool for identifying individuals with symptomatic binocular vision anomalies and refractive errors.METHODS:A total of 141 healthy computer users underwent comprehensive clinical visual function assessments,including evaluations of refractive errors,accommodation(amplitude of accommodation,positive relative accommodation,negative relative accommodation,accommodative accuracy,and accommodative facility),and vergence(phoria,positive and negative fusional vergence,near point of convergence,and vergence facility).Total CVS-Q scores were recorded to explore potential associations between symptom scores and the aforementioned clinical visual function parameters.RESULTS:The cohort included 54 males(38.3%)with a mean age of 23.9±0.58y and 87 age-matched females(61.7%)with a mean age of 23.9±0.53y.The multiple regression model was statistically significant[R²=0.60,F=13.28,degrees of freedom(DF=17122,P<0.001].This indicates that 60%of the variance in total CVS-Q scores(reflecting reported symptoms)could be explained by four clinical measurements:amplitude of accommodation,positive relative accommodation,exophoria at distance and near,and positive fusional vergence at near.CONCLUSION:The total CVS-Q score is a valid and reliable tool for predicting the presence of various nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies and refractive errors in symptomatic computer users.展开更多
In recent years,the global installed capacity of wind power has grown rapidly,making the enhancement of wind power prediction accuracy crucial for facilitating the integration and consumption of renewable energy.Curre...In recent years,the global installed capacity of wind power has grown rapidly,making the enhancement of wind power prediction accuracy crucial for facilitating the integration and consumption of renewable energy.Current research on ultra-short-term wind power prediction often overlooks load characteristics,resulting in an inability to adequately address grid connection requirements and load dispatching demands across different time periods.To address this limitation,this study proposes a novel approach to ultra-short-term wind power prediction error correction that incorporates load peak-valley characteristics.The methodology involves three key steps:first,deriving interannual prediction error characteristics from ultra-short-term prediction results of wind farm clusters;second,establishing error correction intervals for load peak and valley periods,calculating corresponding correction coefficients,and analyzing the impact of varying correction radii on the final results;third,validating the proposed method through empirical analysis of wind farm clusters in three northeastern provinces.The results demonstrate that this approach not only improves wind power prediction accuracy but also significantly reduces the occurrence of harmful error days,thereby better meeting the operational requirements of power system dispatch.展开更多
Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a prom...Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.展开更多
Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling ap...Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling approach enhanced by negative learning,employing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)network explicitly trained to accurately reconstruct non-seismic geomagnetic signals while intentionally amplifying reconstruction errors for seismic signals.By penalizing the model for accurately reconstructing seismic anomalies,the negative learning approach effectively magnifies the differences between normal and anomalous data.This strategic differentiation enhances the sensitivity of the BiLSTM network,enabling improved detection of subtle geomagnetic anomalies that may serve as earthquake precursors.Experimental validation clearly demonstrated statistically significant higher reconstruction errors for seismic signals compared to non-seismic signals,confirmed through the Mann-Whitney U test with a p-value of 0.0035 for Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).These results provide compelling evidence of the enhanced anomaly detection capability achieved through negative learning.Unlike traditional classification-based methods,negative learning explicitly encourages sensitivity to subtle precursor signals embedded within complex geomagnetic data,establishing a robust basis for further development of reliable earthquake prediction methods.展开更多
In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an ...In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an XZB three-axis linkage ultraprecision machining method is proposed,and the effects of tool-center errors are analyzed.To address residual errors in Z-direction profile-error compensation,a workpiece normal-profile-error compensation method is proposed.After XZB three-axis linkage turning and compensation,the workpiece profile error(PV)reaches 0.086μm,surpassing the precision of XZ two-axis machining,and mid-frequency errors are reduced.Compared with Z-direction profile-error compensation,which results in a profile error of 0.092μm,normal-profile-error compensation reduces PV to 0.047μm,considerably improving aspheric accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that XZB three-axis linkage machining significantly improves the aspheric workpiece profile,enhancing both its accuracy and surface quality.This method reduces mid-frequency errors,and the subsequent application of normal-profile-error compensation further refines the profile,achieving higher overall accuracy.展开更多
Conventional error cancellation approaches separate molecules into smaller fragments and sum the errors of all fragments to counteract the overall computational error of the parent molecules.However,these approaches m...Conventional error cancellation approaches separate molecules into smaller fragments and sum the errors of all fragments to counteract the overall computational error of the parent molecules.However,these approaches may be ineffective for systems with strong localized chemical effects,as fragmenting specific substructures into simpler chemical bonds can introduce additional errors instead of mitigating them.To address this issue,we propose the Substructure-Preserved Connection-Based Hierarchy(SCBH),a method that automatically identifies and freezes substructures with significant local chemical effects prior to molecular fragmentation.The SCBH is validated by the gas-phase enthalpy of formation calculation of CHNO molecules.Therein,based on the atomization scheme,the reference and test values are derived at the levels of Gaussian-4(G4)and M062X/6-31+G(2df,p),respectively.Compared to commonly used approaches,SCBH reduces the average computational error by half and requires only15%of the computational cost of G4 to achieve comparable accuracy.Since different types of local effect structures have differentiated influences on gas-phase enthalpy of formation,substituents with strong electronic effects should be retained preferentially.SCBH can be readily extended to diverse classes of organic compounds.Its workflow and source code allow flexible customization of molecular moieties,including azide,carboxyl,trinitromethyl,phenyl,and others.This strategy facilitates accurate,rapid,and automated computations and corrections,making it well-suited for high-throughput molecular screening and dataset construction for gas-phase enthalpy of formation.展开更多
Inborn errors of metabolism(IEMs)are a large group of disorders resulting from deficient activities in several metabolic pathways due to the dysfunction of a distinct enzyme associated with a biochemical pathway[1,2]....Inborn errors of metabolism(IEMs)are a large group of disorders resulting from deficient activities in several metabolic pathways due to the dysfunction of a distinct enzyme associated with a biochemical pathway[1,2].Toxic intermediates will be produced due to the dysfunction of biochemical pathways.The liver is responsible for many essential metabolic processes,therefore it becomes one of the most severely affected organ by metabolic diseases[3].Early onset of liver disorders in IEMs includes jaundice,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,and liver failure[4].In infants and young children under 3 years old with acute liver failure(ALF),IEMs account for 18.9%-43%[5].展开更多
Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progre...Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progression and provide symptomatic improvement in patients with IEM.Each metabolic disorder is unique,with the missing enzyme or transporter protein causing substrate deficiency or toxic byproduct production.Knowledge about the distribution of deficient enzymes,the percentage of enzymes replaced by LT,and the extent of extrahepatic involvement helps anticipate and manage complications in the perioperative period.Most patients have multisystem involvement and can be on complex dietary regimens.Metabolic decompensation can be triggered due to the stress response to surgery,fasting and other unanticipated complications perioperatively.Thus,a multidisciplinary team’s input including those from metabolic specialists is essential to develop disease and patient-specific strategies for the perioperative management of these patients during LT.In this review,we outline the classification of IEM,indications for LT along with potential benefits,basic metabolic defects and their implications,details of extrahepatic involvement and perioperative management strategies for LT in children with some of the commonly presenting IEM,to assist anesthesiologists handling this cohort of patients.展开更多
Conventional PI control encounters some problems when dealing with large lag process in the presence of parameter uncertainties.For the typical first-order process,an observerbased linear active disturbance rejection ...Conventional PI control encounters some problems when dealing with large lag process in the presence of parameter uncertainties.For the typical first-order process,an observerbased linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)scheme is presented to cope with the difficulties,and a reduced-order observer scheme is proposed further.Some quantitative dynamic results with regard to non-overshoot characteristics are obtained.Finally,the performance boundaries of LADRC and PI control are explicitly compared with each other,which shows that the former is more superior in most cases.展开更多
Consensus problems of first-order multi-agent systems with multiple time delays are investigated in this paper. We discuss three cases： 1） continuous, 2） discrete, and 3） a continuous system with a proportional pl...Consensus problems of first-order multi-agent systems with multiple time delays are investigated in this paper. We discuss three cases： 1） continuous, 2） discrete, and 3） a continuous system with a proportional plus derivative controller. In each case, the system contains simultaneous communication and input time delays. Supposing a dynamic multi-agent system with directed topology that contains a globally reachable node, the sufficient convergence condition of the system is discussed with respect to each of the three cases based on the generalized Nyquist criterion and the frequency-domain analysis approach, yielding conclusions that are either less conservative than or agree with previously published results. We know that the convergence condition of the system depends mainly on each agent’s input time delay and the adjacent weights but is independent of the communication delay between agents, whether the system is continuous or discrete. Finally, simulation examples are given to verify the theoretical analysis.展开更多
文摘A posteriori error estimate of the discontinuous-streamline diffusion method for first-order hyperbolic equations was presented, which can be used to adjust space mesh reasonably. A numerical example is given to illustrate the accuracy and feasibility of this method.
基金The NSF(11271155) of ChinaResearch Fund(20070183023) for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education
文摘In this paper, we propose a log-normal linear model whose errors are first-order correlated, and suggest a two-stage method for the efficient estimation of the conditional mean of the response variable at the original scale. We obtain two estimators which minimize the asymptotic mean squared error （MM） and the asymptotic bias （MB）, respectively. Both the estimators are very easy to implement, and simulation studies show that they are perform better.
文摘In this paper,we present a novel first-order digitalΣΔconverter tailored for digital-to-analog applications,focusing on achieving both high yield and reduced silicon estate.Our approach incorporates a substantial level of dithering noise into the input signal,strategically aimed at mitigating the spurious frequencies commonly encountered in such converters.Validation of our design is performed through simulations using a high-level simulator specialized in mixed-signal circuit analysis.The results underscore the enhanced performance of our circuit,especially in reducing spurious frequencies,highlighting its efficiency and effectiveness.The final circuit exhibits an effective number of bits of 13.
文摘A radiotherapy treatment margin formula has been analytically derived when a standard deviation (SD) of systematic positioning errors Ʃis relatively small compared to an SD of random positioning errors σ. The margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σwas calculated by linearly interpolating two boundaries at Ʃ= 0 and Ʃ= σ, assuming that the van Herk margin approximation of k1Ʃ+ k2σis valid at Ʃ= σ. It was shown that a margin formula for 0 ≤ Ʃ≤ σmay be approximated by k1σ+ k2Ʃ, leading to a more general form of k1 max(Ʃ,σ) + k2 min(Ʃ,σ) which is a piecewise linear approximation for any values of Ʃand σ.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.52088102 and 51879287)National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2022YFB2602301)。
文摘Long-term responses of floating structures pose a great concern in their design phase. Existing approaches for addressing long-term extreme responses are extremely cumbersome for adoption. This work aims to develop an approach for the long-term extreme-response analysis of floating structures. A modified gradient-based retrieval algorithm in conjunction with the inverse first-order reliability method(IFORM) is proposed to enable the use of convolution models in long-term extreme analysis of structures with an analytical formula of response amplitude operator(RAO). The proposed algorithm ensures convergence stability and iteration accuracy and exhibits a higher computational efficiency than the traditional backtracking method. However, when the RAO of general offshore structures cannot be analytically expressed, the convolutional integration method fails to function properly. A numerical discretization approach is further proposed for offshore structures in the case when the analytical expression of the RAO is not feasible. Through iterative discretization of environmental contours(ECs) and RAOs, a detailed procedure is proposed to calculate the long-term response extremes of offshore structures. The validity and accuracy of the proposed approach are tested using a floating offshore wind turbine as a numerical example. The long-term extreme heave responses of various return periods are calculated via the IFORM in conjunction with a numerical discretization approach. The environmental data corresponding to N-year structural responses are located inside the ECs, which indicates that the selection of design points directly along the ECs yields conservative design results.
文摘Due to the inability of manufacturing a single monolithic mirror at the 10-meter scales,segmented mirrors have become indispensable tools in modern astronomical research.However,to match the imaging performance of the monolithic counterpart,the sub-mirrors must maintain precise co-phasing.Piston error critically degrades segmented mirror imaging quality,necessitating efficient and precise detection.To ad-dress the limitations that the conventional circular-aperture diffraction with two-wavelength algorithm is sus-ceptible to decentration errors,and the traditional convolutional neural networks(CNNs)struggle to capture global features under large-range piston errors due to their restricted local receptive fields,this paper pro-poses a method that integrates extended Young’s interference principles with a Vision Transformer(ViT)to detect piston error.By suppressing decentration error interference through two symmetrically arranged aper-tures and extending the measurement range to±7.95μm via a two-wavelength(589 nm/600 nm)algorithm.This approach exploits ViT’s self-attention mechanism to model global characteristics of interference fringes.Unlike CNNs constrained by local convolutional kernels,the ViT significantly improves sensitivity to inter-ferogram periodicity.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves a measurement accuracy of 5 nm(0.0083λ0)across the range of±7.95μm,while maintaining an accuracy exceeding 95%in the presence of Gaussian noise(SNR≥15 dB),Poisson noise(λ≥9 photons/pixel),and sub-mirror gap er-ror(Egap≤0.2)interference.Moreover,the detection speed shows significant improvement compared to the cross-correlation algorithm.This study establishes an accurate,robust framework for segmented mirror error detection,advancing high-precision astronomical observation.
基金the“Convergence and Open sharing System”Project,supported by the Ministry of Education and National Research Foundation of Korea.
文摘There has been an increasing emphasis on performing deep neural network(DNN)inference locally on edge devices due to challenges such as network congestion and security concerns.However,as DRAM process technology continues to scale down,the bit-flip errors in the memory of edge devices become more frequent,thereby leading to substantial DNN inference accuracy loss.Though several techniques have been proposed to alleviate the accuracy loss in edge environments,they require complex computations and additional parity bits for error correction,thus resulting in significant performance and storage overheads.In this paper,we propose FeatherGuard,a data-driven lightweight error protection scheme for DNN inference on edge devices.FeatherGuard selectively protects critical bit positions(that have a significant impact on DNN inference accuracy)against bit-flip errors,by considering various DNN characteristics(e.g.,data format,layer-wise weight distribution,actually stored logical values).Thus,it achieves high error tolerability during DNN inference.Since FeatherGuard reduces the bit-flip errors based on only a few simple arithmetic operations(e.g.,NOT operations)without parity bits,it causes negligible performance overhead and no storage overhead.Our experimental results show that FeatherGuard improves the error tolerability by up to 6667×and 4000×,compared to the conventional systems and the state-of-the-art error protection technique for edge environments,respectively.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.92582204,No.62577007,and No.62177003the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities under Grant No.JKF-2025011975129.
文摘Online programming platforms are popular in programming education.However,there has been no research investigating students’real opinions and expectations of the error feedback mechanisms,leaving educators without a solid data foundation when attempting to improve the error feedback mechanisms.This paper makes a survey of 834 students across various programming courses and investigates student perceptions of error feedback mechanisms on online programming platforms.It explores the effectiveness of existing feedback,student satisfaction,and preferences for potential improvements,focusing on automatic error localization and program repair mechanisms.Results reveal a significant portion of students are dissatisfied with current feedback due to its limited informativeness.Students also express a clear demand for stronger feedback mechanisms,such as error localization and repair hints.Nevertheless,they prefer feedback that subtly guides them toward solutions,rather than providing direct and explicit answers,valuing the opportunity to enhance their debugging skills.The findings suggest a need for balanced,educational-focused feedback mechanisms that aid learning while promoting independent problem-solving.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China [grant number 2023YFC3008004]。
文摘This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of tropical cyclone(TC)forecast performance in the western North Pacific from 2013 to 2022,based on operational forecasts issued by the China Meteorological Administration.The analysis reveals systematic improvements in both track and intensity forecasts over the decade,with distinct error characteristics observed across various forecast parameters.Track forecast errors have steadily decreased,particularly for longer lead times,while error magnitudes have increased with longer forecast lead times.Intensity forecasts show similar progressive enhancements,with maximum sustained wind speed errors decreasing by 0.26 m/s per year for 120 h forecasts.The study also identifies several key patterns in forecast performance:typhoon-grade or stronger TCs exhibit smaller track errors than week or weaker systems;intensity forecasts systematically overestimate weaker TCs while underestimating stronger systems;and spatial error distributions show greater track inaccuracies near landmasses and regional intensity biases.These findings highlight both the significant advances in TC forecasting capability achieved through improved modeling and observational systems,and the remaining challenges in predicting TC changes and landfall behavior,providing valuable benchmarks for future forecast system development.
基金Supported by Ongoing Research Funding Program(ORFFT-2025-054-1),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of the total computer vision syndrome questionnaire(CVS-Q)score as a predictive tool for identifying individuals with symptomatic binocular vision anomalies and refractive errors.METHODS:A total of 141 healthy computer users underwent comprehensive clinical visual function assessments,including evaluations of refractive errors,accommodation(amplitude of accommodation,positive relative accommodation,negative relative accommodation,accommodative accuracy,and accommodative facility),and vergence(phoria,positive and negative fusional vergence,near point of convergence,and vergence facility).Total CVS-Q scores were recorded to explore potential associations between symptom scores and the aforementioned clinical visual function parameters.RESULTS:The cohort included 54 males(38.3%)with a mean age of 23.9±0.58y and 87 age-matched females(61.7%)with a mean age of 23.9±0.53y.The multiple regression model was statistically significant[R²=0.60,F=13.28,degrees of freedom(DF=17122,P<0.001].This indicates that 60%of the variance in total CVS-Q scores(reflecting reported symptoms)could be explained by four clinical measurements:amplitude of accommodation,positive relative accommodation,exophoria at distance and near,and positive fusional vergence at near.CONCLUSION:The total CVS-Q score is a valid and reliable tool for predicting the presence of various nonstrabismic binocular vision anomalies and refractive errors in symptomatic computer users.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Technology and application of wind power/photovoltaic power prediction for promoting renewable energy consumption(2018YFB0904200).
文摘In recent years,the global installed capacity of wind power has grown rapidly,making the enhancement of wind power prediction accuracy crucial for facilitating the integration and consumption of renewable energy.Current research on ultra-short-term wind power prediction often overlooks load characteristics,resulting in an inability to adequately address grid connection requirements and load dispatching demands across different time periods.To address this limitation,this study proposes a novel approach to ultra-short-term wind power prediction error correction that incorporates load peak-valley characteristics.The methodology involves three key steps:first,deriving interannual prediction error characteristics from ultra-short-term prediction results of wind farm clusters;second,establishing error correction intervals for load peak and valley periods,calculating corresponding correction coefficients,and analyzing the impact of varying correction radii on the final results;third,validating the proposed method through empirical analysis of wind farm clusters in three northeastern provinces.The results demonstrate that this approach not only improves wind power prediction accuracy but also significantly reduces the occurrence of harmful error days,thereby better meeting the operational requirements of power system dispatch.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62301008)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2022M720272)New Cornerstone Science Foundation through the XPLORER PRIZE。
文摘Mobile communications are reaching out to every aspect of our daily life,necessitating highefficiency data transmission and support for diverse data types and communication scenarios.Polar codes have emerged as a promising solution due to their outstanding error-correction performance and low complexity.Unequal error protection(UEP)involves nonuniform error safeguarding for distinct data segments,achieving a fine balance between error resilience and resource allocation,which ultimately enhancing system performance and efficiency.In this paper,we propose a novel class of UEP rateless polar codes.The codes are designed based on matrix extension of polar codes,and elegant mapping and duplication operations are designed to achieve UEP property while preserving the overall performance of conventional polar codes.Superior UEP performance is attained without significant modifications to conventional polar codes,making it straightforward for compatibility with existing polar codes.A theoretical analysis is conducted on the block error rate and throughput efficiency performance.To the best of our knowledge,this work provides the first theoretical performance analysis of UEP rateless polar codes.Simulation results show that the proposed codes significantly outperform existing polar coding schemes in both block error rate and throughput efficiency.
基金funded by the Ministry of Higher Education through Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM)under Grant FRGS/1/2023/STG07/UPM/02/4.
文摘Detecting geomagnetic anomalies preceding earthquakes is a challenging yet promising area of research that has gained increasing attention in recent years.This study introduces a novel reconstruction-based modeling approach enhanced by negative learning,employing a Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM)network explicitly trained to accurately reconstruct non-seismic geomagnetic signals while intentionally amplifying reconstruction errors for seismic signals.By penalizing the model for accurately reconstructing seismic anomalies,the negative learning approach effectively magnifies the differences between normal and anomalous data.This strategic differentiation enhances the sensitivity of the BiLSTM network,enabling improved detection of subtle geomagnetic anomalies that may serve as earthquake precursors.Experimental validation clearly demonstrated statistically significant higher reconstruction errors for seismic signals compared to non-seismic signals,confirmed through the Mann-Whitney U test with a p-value of 0.0035 for Root Mean Square Error(RMSE).These results provide compelling evidence of the enhanced anomaly detection capability achieved through negative learning.Unlike traditional classification-based methods,negative learning explicitly encourages sensitivity to subtle precursor signals embedded within complex geomagnetic data,establishing a robust basis for further development of reliable earthquake prediction methods.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52130503)the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(Grants Nos.2023RC1046 and 2023GK2008)+2 种基金the Hunan Provincial Science and Technology Department(Grant No.2021JC0005)the Postgraduate Scientific Research Innovation Project of Hunan Province(Grant No.QL20220088)the Shenzhen Undertakes Major National Science and Technology Projects(Grant No.CJGJZD20220517142406015).
文摘In an ultraprecision turning process for small-diameter optical aspheric workpieces,tool-profile errors induce mid-frequency errors in the workpiece profile,limiting further improvements in precision.In this study,an XZB three-axis linkage ultraprecision machining method is proposed,and the effects of tool-center errors are analyzed.To address residual errors in Z-direction profile-error compensation,a workpiece normal-profile-error compensation method is proposed.After XZB three-axis linkage turning and compensation,the workpiece profile error(PV)reaches 0.086μm,surpassing the precision of XZ two-axis machining,and mid-frequency errors are reduced.Compared with Z-direction profile-error compensation,which results in a profile error of 0.092μm,normal-profile-error compensation reduces PV to 0.047μm,considerably improving aspheric accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate that XZB three-axis linkage machining significantly improves the aspheric workpiece profile,enhancing both its accuracy and surface quality.This method reduces mid-frequency errors,and the subsequent application of normal-profile-error compensation further refines the profile,achieving higher overall accuracy.
基金the support of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22575230)。
文摘Conventional error cancellation approaches separate molecules into smaller fragments and sum the errors of all fragments to counteract the overall computational error of the parent molecules.However,these approaches may be ineffective for systems with strong localized chemical effects,as fragmenting specific substructures into simpler chemical bonds can introduce additional errors instead of mitigating them.To address this issue,we propose the Substructure-Preserved Connection-Based Hierarchy(SCBH),a method that automatically identifies and freezes substructures with significant local chemical effects prior to molecular fragmentation.The SCBH is validated by the gas-phase enthalpy of formation calculation of CHNO molecules.Therein,based on the atomization scheme,the reference and test values are derived at the levels of Gaussian-4(G4)and M062X/6-31+G(2df,p),respectively.Compared to commonly used approaches,SCBH reduces the average computational error by half and requires only15%of the computational cost of G4 to achieve comparable accuracy.Since different types of local effect structures have differentiated influences on gas-phase enthalpy of formation,substituents with strong electronic effects should be retained preferentially.SCBH can be readily extended to diverse classes of organic compounds.Its workflow and source code allow flexible customization of molecular moieties,including azide,carboxyl,trinitromethyl,phenyl,and others.This strategy facilitates accurate,rapid,and automated computations and corrections,making it well-suited for high-throughput molecular screening and dataset construction for gas-phase enthalpy of formation.
文摘Inborn errors of metabolism(IEMs)are a large group of disorders resulting from deficient activities in several metabolic pathways due to the dysfunction of a distinct enzyme associated with a biochemical pathway[1,2].Toxic intermediates will be produced due to the dysfunction of biochemical pathways.The liver is responsible for many essential metabolic processes,therefore it becomes one of the most severely affected organ by metabolic diseases[3].Early onset of liver disorders in IEMs includes jaundice,hepatomegaly,splenomegaly,ascites,hepatic encephalopathy,and liver failure[4].In infants and young children under 3 years old with acute liver failure(ALF),IEMs account for 18.9%-43%[5].
文摘Inborn errors of metabolism(IEM)are rare disorders,most are liver-based with liver transplantation(LT)emerging as an effective cure in the pediatric population.LT has been shown to offer a cure or deter disease progression and provide symptomatic improvement in patients with IEM.Each metabolic disorder is unique,with the missing enzyme or transporter protein causing substrate deficiency or toxic byproduct production.Knowledge about the distribution of deficient enzymes,the percentage of enzymes replaced by LT,and the extent of extrahepatic involvement helps anticipate and manage complications in the perioperative period.Most patients have multisystem involvement and can be on complex dietary regimens.Metabolic decompensation can be triggered due to the stress response to surgery,fasting and other unanticipated complications perioperatively.Thus,a multidisciplinary team’s input including those from metabolic specialists is essential to develop disease and patient-specific strategies for the perioperative management of these patients during LT.In this review,we outline the classification of IEM,indications for LT along with potential benefits,basic metabolic defects and their implications,details of extrahepatic involvement and perioperative management strategies for LT in children with some of the commonly presenting IEM,to assist anesthesiologists handling this cohort of patients.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60774088)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2009AA04Z132)the Specialized Research Fund for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China(20090031110029)
文摘Conventional PI control encounters some problems when dealing with large lag process in the presence of parameter uncertainties.For the typical first-order process,an observerbased linear active disturbance rejection control(LADRC)scheme is presented to cope with the difficulties,and a reduced-order observer scheme is proposed further.Some quantitative dynamic results with regard to non-overshoot characteristics are obtained.Finally,the performance boundaries of LADRC and PI control are explicitly compared with each other,which shows that the former is more superior in most cases.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 60973114 and 61170249)in part by the Natural Science Foundation of CQCSTC (Grant Nos. 2009BA2024 and cstc2011jjA1320)in part by the State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Securityand New Technology, Chongqing University (Grant No. 2007DA10512711206)
文摘Consensus problems of first-order multi-agent systems with multiple time delays are investigated in this paper. We discuss three cases： 1） continuous, 2） discrete, and 3） a continuous system with a proportional plus derivative controller. In each case, the system contains simultaneous communication and input time delays. Supposing a dynamic multi-agent system with directed topology that contains a globally reachable node, the sufficient convergence condition of the system is discussed with respect to each of the three cases based on the generalized Nyquist criterion and the frequency-domain analysis approach, yielding conclusions that are either less conservative than or agree with previously published results. We know that the convergence condition of the system depends mainly on each agent’s input time delay and the adjacent weights but is independent of the communication delay between agents, whether the system is continuous or discrete. Finally, simulation examples are given to verify the theoretical analysis.
