Despite fire control in Zimbabwe’s resettlement farming areas,fire continues to damage the environment,property,crops and causes loss of lives.The goal of this paper was to investigate fire control measures implement...Despite fire control in Zimbabwe’s resettlement farming areas,fire continues to damage the environment,property,crops and causes loss of lives.The goal of this paper was to investigate fire control measures implemented by resettled farmers in Hwedza,Zimbabwe.The data used in the study were derived from both primary and secondary sources.Primary research data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews targeting households and key informants.Secondary data were collected from reports and records from relevant government institutions.Chi-square tests were conducted to establish the relationship between fire control measures and fire trends.The research findings show evidence of fire control in the study area with farmers implementing a combination of pre-suppression and suppression fire control measures.The use of fire breaks and fire brigades were the more prevalent pre-suppression measures implemented by 86%and 78%of the farmers respectively.The main fire suppression measures implemented were the use of fire beaters(92%)and dowsing with water(85%).Fire occurrence responded to control measures when burnt area declined by 24.1%for the period 2011-2014 when the number of farmers implementing control measures increased from 131 to 701.A negative association between the number of fires and fire pre-suppression measures;and burnt area and fire suppression measures was found.The study recommends early detection,education and awareness as the primary steps in ensuring effective fire control.Active participation of all responsible stakeholders and the affected farmers is also of importance to effectively manage fire.展开更多
According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and...According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and alalyzes specifically the three-tank the control systems and models.the process was imitated in computer, and the optimal shooting element of 3TS system was got. In addition, probability of hitting the target was calculated.展开更多
A method of accuracy assignment based on fuzzy comprehensive judgment method (FCJM) in tank fire control system is proposed. From the flowing route of the error sources and their respective correlative signals, the tr...A method of accuracy assignment based on fuzzy comprehensive judgment method (FCJM) in tank fire control system is proposed. From the flowing route of the error sources and their respective correlative signals, the transfer functions of several sources are analysed by means of mathematic simulation, and FCJM is applied to obtain the cost comprehensive factor for each part of system, combining its error sensitivity factor the mathematical model is built to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation result shows the proposed method can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.展开更多
A method of accuracy assignment based on value analysis method （VAM） in tank fire control system （TFCS） is proposed. From the analysis of primary error sources and their error transfer relationships, the mathemati...A method of accuracy assignment based on value analysis method （VAM） in tank fire control system （TFCS） is proposed. From the analysis of primary error sources and their error transfer relationships, the mathematical model is built on the basis of VAM to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation results show the validation and feasibility of the proposed method. It can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.展开更多
Missile fire control system is the core of ship-based missile weapon system, whose safeguard level has direct relation with the attack ability of naval vessels. After a long period of deep investigation and research, ...Missile fire control system is the core of ship-based missile weapon system, whose safeguard level has direct relation with the attack ability of naval vessels. After a long period of deep investigation and research, it was found that, in one missile fire control system, there are such problems as single safeguard system, low ratio of cost to efficiency, etc. By adopting intelligent control techniques and many measures to multiple securities, the new type of assistant system is designed, some difficult problems are solved, such as fixed project channel and unitary means of missiles, which can make the equipment carry out combat mission reliably and continuously.展开更多
A fire control system of artillery includes a photo-tracker, a computing subsystem and a servomechanism. The photo-tracker outputs moving characteristics of the target during the tracking process, and basing upon this...A fire control system of artillery includes a photo-tracker, a computing subsystem and a servomechanism. The photo-tracker outputs moving characteristics of the target during the tracking process, and basing upon this, the computing subsystem makes the computation and outputs shooting elements, and the servo-mechanism controls this piece of artillery to point to the foregoing position of its target in terms of the latter elements.展开更多
This paper introduces a hierarchical real-time environment for developing ship-bornefire-control system. Advanced computer networks are used to simulate the system with the requiredengagement scenario, including own-s...This paper introduces a hierarchical real-time environment for developing ship-bornefire-control system. Advanced computer networks are used to simulate the system with the requiredengagement scenario, including own-ship and parameters, and data processing and transmission,mission calculation, graphical supervision and gunnery ballistics outputting. The simulation systemis able to receive instruction from, or send information to the command-control center. Furthermore,the system can also be used to compare various designed schemes and analyze the accuracy andeffectiveness of the system.展开更多
Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical a...Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.展开更多
The control of 3-D temperature distribution in a utility boiler furnace is essential for the safe, economic and clean operation of pc-fired furnace with multi-burner system. The development of the visualization of 3-...The control of 3-D temperature distribution in a utility boiler furnace is essential for the safe, economic and clean operation of pc-fired furnace with multi-burner system. The development of the visualization of 3-D temperature distributions in pc-fired furnaces makes it possible for a new combustion control strategy directly with the furnace temperature as its goal to improve the control quality for the combustion processes. Studied in this paper is such a new strategy that the whole furnace is divided into several parts in the vertical direction, and the average temperature and its bias from the center in every cross section can be extracted from the visualization results of the 3-D temperature distributions. In the simulation stage, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code served to calculate the 3-D temperature distributions in a furnace, then a linear model was set up to relate the features of the temperature distributions with the input of the combustion processes, such as the flow rates of fuel and air fed into the furnaces through all the burners. The adaptive genetic algorithm was adopted to find the optimal combination of the whole input parameters which ensure to form an optimal 3-D temperature field in the furnace desired for the operation of boiler. Simulation results showed that the strategy could soon find the factors making the temperature distribution apart from the optimal state and give correct adjusting suggestions.展开更多
The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing ...The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing year by year, and environmental pollution caused by the fire is also being controlled. This article briefly introduces the fire accident's impact on the environment, the systematic analysis of the fire accident in the source of pollution and its harm. Combined with the existing way of fire fighting and rescue fire accident, the pollution control method is proposed.展开更多
Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acup...Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acupuncture treatment takes less time, requires fewer visits, and has more rapid results and fewer side effects compared to chemical medicine alternatives. This study will evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture for ULSP in the context of standardized clinical research and provide high-quality data to inform clinical procedures and future study design.Methods/Design: A randomized controlled trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture therapy in patients with ULSP from stroke. ULSP patients(n = 120) will be recruited at Changhai Hospital in Shanghai, China. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups, including fire-needle acupuncture group(FAG), filiform-needle acupuncture group(FFAG) and rehabilitation treatment group(RTG). During the 3-week treatment, the FAG will be treated every two days, while FFAG and RTG will be treated 5 d in a row and then rest for 2 d. The Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale will be used as the primary outcome measures. Statistical analysis will be conducted by an independent statistician.Discussion: Through this study, the utility of fire-needle acupuncture in treating ULSP after stroke will be tested, and some specific claims of fire-needle acupuncture therapy will be evaluated, such as relieving spasm and muscular tension, improving activities of daily living, rapidity of response and less frequency of treatment compared with other treatments.展开更多
A modified method of design of no-steady-error and anti-disturbance controller is proposed for the design of tank stabilizers. Using a reduced-order observer to estimate its mode, disturbance can be compensated. This ...A modified method of design of no-steady-error and anti-disturbance controller is proposed for the design of tank stabilizers. Using a reduced-order observer to estimate its mode, disturbance can be compensated. This enables the system to resist sinusoidal disturbance with any magnitude. Estimate of angular velocity is used as the state feedback to replace the expensive gyro and tachometer generator. The modified method excels the traditional, and provides a new way for the design of tank fire control system. It can also be applied for the design of other servo systems in vehicle and aircraft.展开更多
文摘Despite fire control in Zimbabwe’s resettlement farming areas,fire continues to damage the environment,property,crops and causes loss of lives.The goal of this paper was to investigate fire control measures implemented by resettled farmers in Hwedza,Zimbabwe.The data used in the study were derived from both primary and secondary sources.Primary research data were obtained through questionnaires and interviews targeting households and key informants.Secondary data were collected from reports and records from relevant government institutions.Chi-square tests were conducted to establish the relationship between fire control measures and fire trends.The research findings show evidence of fire control in the study area with farmers implementing a combination of pre-suppression and suppression fire control measures.The use of fire breaks and fire brigades were the more prevalent pre-suppression measures implemented by 86%and 78%of the farmers respectively.The main fire suppression measures implemented were the use of fire beaters(92%)and dowsing with water(85%).Fire occurrence responded to control measures when burnt area declined by 24.1%for the period 2011-2014 when the number of farmers implementing control measures increased from 131 to 701.A negative association between the number of fires and fire pre-suppression measures;and burnt area and fire suppression measures was found.The study recommends early detection,education and awareness as the primary steps in ensuring effective fire control.Active participation of all responsible stakeholders and the affected farmers is also of importance to effectively manage fire.
文摘According the to the model of single tank fire control system, this paper makes use of decomposition-coordination theory of large-scale systems to discuss the shooting problem of multiple tank the control systems, and alalyzes specifically the three-tank the control systems and models.the process was imitated in computer, and the optimal shooting element of 3TS system was got. In addition, probability of hitting the target was calculated.
文摘A method of accuracy assignment based on fuzzy comprehensive judgment method (FCJM) in tank fire control system is proposed. From the flowing route of the error sources and their respective correlative signals, the transfer functions of several sources are analysed by means of mathematic simulation, and FCJM is applied to obtain the cost comprehensive factor for each part of system, combining its error sensitivity factor the mathematical model is built to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation result shows the proposed method can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.
文摘A method of accuracy assignment based on value analysis method （VAM） in tank fire control system （TFCS） is proposed. From the analysis of primary error sources and their error transfer relationships, the mathematical model is built on the basis of VAM to solve the accuracy assignment problem. Simulation results show the validation and feasibility of the proposed method. It can help designer of tank fire control system work out an optimal system more efficiently and more economically.
基金Sponsored by Major Task Financially-aided for Military Equipment Maintenance Safeguard
文摘Missile fire control system is the core of ship-based missile weapon system, whose safeguard level has direct relation with the attack ability of naval vessels. After a long period of deep investigation and research, it was found that, in one missile fire control system, there are such problems as single safeguard system, low ratio of cost to efficiency, etc. By adopting intelligent control techniques and many measures to multiple securities, the new type of assistant system is designed, some difficult problems are solved, such as fixed project channel and unitary means of missiles, which can make the equipment carry out combat mission reliably and continuously.
文摘A fire control system of artillery includes a photo-tracker, a computing subsystem and a servomechanism. The photo-tracker outputs moving characteristics of the target during the tracking process, and basing upon this, the computing subsystem makes the computation and outputs shooting elements, and the servo-mechanism controls this piece of artillery to point to the foregoing position of its target in terms of the latter elements.
文摘This paper introduces a hierarchical real-time environment for developing ship-bornefire-control system. Advanced computer networks are used to simulate the system with the requiredengagement scenario, including own-ship and parameters, and data processing and transmission,mission calculation, graphical supervision and gunnery ballistics outputting. The simulation systemis able to receive instruction from, or send information to the command-control center. Furthermore,the system can also be used to compare various designed schemes and analyze the accuracy andeffectiveness of the system.
文摘Erwinia amylovora species were isolated from the blossoms, exudates, infected fruits, leaves and bent branches of diseased apple, pear and hawthorn trees, selected in the Chy, Osh and Jalal Abad regions. Biochemical and pathogenicity tests, alongside PCR analyses, were conducted to identify the local isolates of Erwinia amylovora. The alternative antagonistic microorganisms which combat bacterium E. amylovora were tested within in vitro and in vivo conditions. The results revealed the ability of Streptomyces antagonistic bacteria to decrease fire blight severity on pear and apple trees during the first stage of the fire blight disease in leaf tissues. Streptomyces strain C1-4 suppressed E. amylovora disease symptoms in the leaf tissues and excised apple and pear shoots. The incidence of fire blight on leaves was reduced by about 70% with two applications of bacterial antagonists. Further studies at different locations in Kyrgyzstan, using large scale application, would allow for stronger recommendations to be made, including studies and recommendations on their ability to prevent disease and to use them as main components in an integrated pest management program.
文摘The control of 3-D temperature distribution in a utility boiler furnace is essential for the safe, economic and clean operation of pc-fired furnace with multi-burner system. The development of the visualization of 3-D temperature distributions in pc-fired furnaces makes it possible for a new combustion control strategy directly with the furnace temperature as its goal to improve the control quality for the combustion processes. Studied in this paper is such a new strategy that the whole furnace is divided into several parts in the vertical direction, and the average temperature and its bias from the center in every cross section can be extracted from the visualization results of the 3-D temperature distributions. In the simulation stage, a computational fluid dynamics(CFD) code served to calculate the 3-D temperature distributions in a furnace, then a linear model was set up to relate the features of the temperature distributions with the input of the combustion processes, such as the flow rates of fuel and air fed into the furnaces through all the burners. The adaptive genetic algorithm was adopted to find the optimal combination of the whole input parameters which ensure to form an optimal 3-D temperature field in the furnace desired for the operation of boiler. Simulation results showed that the strategy could soon find the factors making the temperature distribution apart from the optimal state and give correct adjusting suggestions.
文摘The fire causes water pollution, air pollution and toxic gas pollution to our surrounding environment, and it seriously affects our living environment. People's awareness of environmental protection is increasing year by year, and environmental pollution caused by the fire is also being controlled. This article briefly introduces the fire accident's impact on the environment, the systematic analysis of the fire accident in the source of pollution and its harm. Combined with the existing way of fire fighting and rescue fire accident, the pollution control method is proposed.
基金funded by Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(No.17401933900)
文摘Background: Fire-needle acupuncture, an important kind of acupuncture therapy, has been clinically used to treat upper limb spastic paralysis(ULSP) after stroke. Clinical experience has indicated that fire-needle acupuncture treatment takes less time, requires fewer visits, and has more rapid results and fewer side effects compared to chemical medicine alternatives. This study will evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture for ULSP in the context of standardized clinical research and provide high-quality data to inform clinical procedures and future study design.Methods/Design: A randomized controlled trial will be carried out to evaluate the effects of fire-needle acupuncture therapy in patients with ULSP from stroke. ULSP patients(n = 120) will be recruited at Changhai Hospital in Shanghai, China. Patients will be randomly divided into three groups, including fire-needle acupuncture group(FAG), filiform-needle acupuncture group(FFAG) and rehabilitation treatment group(RTG). During the 3-week treatment, the FAG will be treated every two days, while FFAG and RTG will be treated 5 d in a row and then rest for 2 d. The Simplified Fugl-Meyer Motor Function Scale and Modified Ashworth Scale will be used as the primary outcome measures. Statistical analysis will be conducted by an independent statistician.Discussion: Through this study, the utility of fire-needle acupuncture in treating ULSP after stroke will be tested, and some specific claims of fire-needle acupuncture therapy will be evaluated, such as relieving spasm and muscular tension, improving activities of daily living, rapidity of response and less frequency of treatment compared with other treatments.
文摘A modified method of design of no-steady-error and anti-disturbance controller is proposed for the design of tank stabilizers. Using a reduced-order observer to estimate its mode, disturbance can be compensated. This enables the system to resist sinusoidal disturbance with any magnitude. Estimate of angular velocity is used as the state feedback to replace the expensive gyro and tachometer generator. The modified method excels the traditional, and provides a new way for the design of tank fire control system. It can also be applied for the design of other servo systems in vehicle and aircraft.
