Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology ...Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology at the core:Laser and Ozone The company's technological portfolio is led by two key solutions that are redefining industrial finishing.Laser Technology(exemplified by the Compact Super Flash system)delivers creativity,safety,quality,and natural aesthetics.It eliminates manual scraping,PP spray,and any hand touch,ensuring operator safety while boosting produc-tivity through automation and digital efficiency.It provides the best cost per garment and unparalleled design precision.展开更多
Yoantion Industrial INC.,LTD.is a listed company Stock Code 301053 specializing in high-end dyeing and finishing equipment.It serves as the vice president unit of the China Textile Machinery Association and the vice p...Yoantion Industrial INC.,LTD.is a listed company Stock Code 301053 specializing in high-end dyeing and finishing equipment.It serves as the vice president unit of the China Textile Machinery Association and the vice president unit of the China Dyeing and Printing Association.The company has been awarded numerous honors including National High-tech Enterprise and National Stenter Development Base.Its leading products are well-received both domestically and internationally.展开更多
Monforts and its partners Archroma and BW Converting are setting new standards in the resource efficient and cost-effective finishing of fabrics.During a recent webinar organised by Germany'sVDMA textile ma-chiner...Monforts and its partners Archroma and BW Converting are setting new standards in the resource efficient and cost-effective finishing of fabrics.During a recent webinar organised by Germany'sVDMA textile ma-chinery association,specialists from the three companies provided details of the range of new energy-saving options that is now available to mills.In particular,BW Converting's Baldwin TexCoat®G4 precision spray technology-in combination with advanced Archroma finishing formula-tions and Monforts MONTEX stenters and MONFORTEX shrinking ranges and related technologiesis pushing the envelope in new standards for sustainable and long-lasting clean productivity.展开更多
Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.D...Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.Direct manufacturing often leads to high internal surface roughness,which traditional finishing and measuring methods cannot adequately address due to the decreasing size and increasing complexity of internal structures.This is especially true for components like pipes with large aspect ratios,extremely small deep holes,multi-stage bends,cross pipes,and array holes.To meet the high-performance manufacturing demands of these parts,advanced internal surface finishing and roughness measurement technologies have gained significant attention.This review focuses on the challenges and solutions related to internal surface parts with various apertures and complex structures.Internal surface finishing methods are categorized into mechanical finishing,fluid-based finishing,and energy-field-based finishing based on their characteristics.Roughness measurement technologies are divided into tool-probing and non-probing methods.The principles,required equipment,and key parameters of each finishing and measurement approach are discussed in detail.Additionally,the advantages and limitations of these methods are summarized,and future trends are forecasted.This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and engineers aiming to enhance the internal surface quality of complex structure parts.展开更多
China,as the world’s largest producer and consumer of synthetic textiles,faces sustainability challenges in the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing sector.The greenhouse gas(GHG)emission profiles and potential mit...China,as the world’s largest producer and consumer of synthetic textiles,faces sustainability challenges in the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing sector.The greenhouse gas(GHG)emission profiles and potential mitigation pathways for this sector require further classification.This study analyzed the GHG emissions from the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing process of eight representative life cycle assessment(LCA)cases.To explore the potential for emission mitigation,four mitigation strategies were developed,resulting in the formulation of 11 scenarios.The average GHG emissions per kilogram of synthetic textiles from the dyeing and finishing process were 3.06 kg CO_(2)equivalent(eq)(ranging from 1.83 to 5.34 kg CO_(2)eq),primarily contributed by the dyeing unit and resulting from energy consumption(steam and electricity).The scenario analysis suggested that in the business-as-usual scenario,GHG emissions from the dyeing and finishing sector could reach 17.79 Mt CO_(2)eq by the year of 2060.Emission mitigation potentials across scenarios ranged from 35.72%to 71.65%.In the most optimistic scenario,emissions could be reduced to as low as 5.04 Mt CO_(2)eq by the year of 2060.These findings provide valuable insights to identify key mitigation pathways for the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing sector.展开更多
目的评估XP-endo Finisher(XPF)锉与被动超声冲洗(PUI)对根管内壁玷污层的清除效果。方法选择60颗离体单直根管下颌前磨牙,距根尖16 mm处截冠,采用S3镍钛锉预备到3S,根据终末处理方式不同将样本随机分成6组。A组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联...目的评估XP-endo Finisher(XPF)锉与被动超声冲洗(PUI)对根管内壁玷污层的清除效果。方法选择60颗离体单直根管下颌前磨牙,距根尖16 mm处截冠,采用S3镍钛锉预备到3S,根据终末处理方式不同将样本随机分成6组。A组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min;B组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)溶液冲洗1 min;C组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min;D组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min;E组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min;F组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min。采用扫描电子显微镜观察玷污层形态,并比较根尖1/3区、根中1/3区牙本质小管开口数。结果 A、C、E组实验样本整个根管壁都有玷污层覆盖,A组与C组牙本质小管开口数明显高于E组(P<0.05),而A组与C组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);F组根中区、B组和D组根尖区有少量玷污层覆盖,牙本质小管开放或半开放;F组根尖区可见玷污层,牙本质小管封闭或半封闭;B和D组根中区根管壁玷污层均被有效去除;在根尖1/3区和根中1/3区,B组与D组牙本质小管开口数高于其他4组(P<0.05),而B组和D组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 XPF锉对根管内壁玷污层的清洁效果与PUI无明显差异,可用于根管预备后提高根管清洁效果。展开更多
Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. i...Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression analyses.Results: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Additionally, H2 diet also increased butyrate concentration compared with control group(P < 0.05), while decreased the concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and skatole(P < 0.05). Pigs in the H1 group down-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ) compared with pigs in the control group(P < 0.05), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10) and intestinal barrier genes(ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1). H2 diet up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 compared with control group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal gene expression were associated with changes in the bacterial composition and their metabolites.Conclusions: Collectively, dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae may enhance mucosal immune homeostasis of pigs via altering bacterial composition and their metabolites. These findings provide a new perspective on insect meal as a sustainable protein source rich in nutrient ingredients for swine.展开更多
The effect of the inclusion of chestnut in pigs ifnishing diet on volatile compounds of dry-cured Celta ham was studied. Twelve hams of each type （from three different pigs ifnishing diets：concentrate （CO）, mixed ...The effect of the inclusion of chestnut in pigs ifnishing diet on volatile compounds of dry-cured Celta ham was studied. Twelve hams of each type （from three different pigs ifnishing diets：concentrate （CO）, mixed （MI） and chestnut （CH）） were used. Volatiles were extracted using a purge-and-trap method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Thirty-nine volatile compounds were identified in dry-cured Celta ham samples. Most abundant volatiles in ham samples were aldehydes, which represented respectively, 53% （CO）, 51% （MI） and 46% （CH） of the total volatile composition. With the exception of 2-butenal, 2-methyl, all aldehydes were affected by feeding system. On the other hand, hydrocarbons n-alkanes were the second major group in the volatile proifle of dry-cured Celta hams and represented 28.9, 35.7 and 32.4%of the total volatile composition for CO, MI and CH groups, respectively. Ham samples from chestnut group showed a higher content of alcohols and this result could be related with the inclusion of chestnut in the ifnishing diet of pigs. Principal component analysis showed a good separation among groups. The discriminant analysis selected eight variables （butanoic acid, hexanal, octanal, nonenal （E）, decenal （E）, tetradecane, decane trimethyl and pyridine 2-methyl） and calculated two discriminating functions to predict if chestnut has been included in the ifnishing diet. Thus, it was possible to discriminate between groups fed with ifnishing diets containing chestnuts in their composition （mixed and chestnut group）.展开更多
The integral impeller and blisk of an aero-engine are high performance parts with complex structure and made of difficult-to-cut materials. The blade surfaces of the integral impeller and blisk are functional surfaces...The integral impeller and blisk of an aero-engine are high performance parts with complex structure and made of difficult-to-cut materials. The blade surfaces of the integral impeller and blisk are functional surfaces for power transmission, and their surface integrity has signif- icant effects on the aerodynamic efficiency and service life of an aero-engine. Thus, it is indispensable to finish and strengthen the blades before use. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of studies on finishing and strengthening technologies for the impeller and blisk of aero-engines. The review includes independent and inte- grated finishing and strengthening technologies and dis- cusses advanced rotational abrasive flow machining with back-pressure used for finishing the integral impeller and blisk. A brief assessment of future research problems and directions is also presented.展开更多
Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino aci...Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids （CAA）. A total of 216 （Exp. 1） and 360 （Exp. 2 ） barrows （ Yorkshire × Landrace× Duroc ） were allotted to one of six treatments （n =6）. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a high-CP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five low-CP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp. 1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcai/kg in Exp.2. In Exp. 1, a linear （P=0.03） increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffect- ed （P 〉 0.05） by NE level. There was a linear in-crease （P = 0.01 ） in the percentage of fat-free lean and a linear decrease （ P = 0.03 ） in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp. 2, a sig- nificant quadratic （ P = 0.03 ） effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant （P 〈0.01 ） quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE, Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat （36. 95% ） and the highest percentage of fat-free lean （49.36%）. The overall results of these experiments indicate that feed- ing either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimen- tal to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum per- formance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE.展开更多
Background: With increasing health awareness among consumers, the demand for healthier, tastier, higher quality and nutritional value pork is increasing. It has been shown that different dietary starch sources can alt...Background: With increasing health awareness among consumers, the demand for healthier, tastier, higher quality and nutritional value pork is increasing. It has been shown that different dietary starch sources can alter the carcass traits and meat quality. However, research on the effects of different starch sources with clear different amylose/amylopectin ratio on the amino acid and fatty acid composition in Longissimus thoracis(L. thoracis) muscle of pigs is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary starch sources on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 72 Duroc × Landrace × Large White barrows were randomly allocated to 3 different dietary treatment groups with 8 replicate pens/group and 3 pigs per pen.Tapioca starch(TS), corn starch(CS), and pea starch(PS), with amylose/amylopectin ratio of 0.11, 0.25, and 0.44,respectively, were used as their dietary starch sources for 40 days.Results: Results showed that the PS diet significantly increased(P < 0.05) the final body weight, average daily gain,loin-eye area, and fat-free lean index compared with the TS diet, but significantly decreased(P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio and backfat thickness. Compared with the TS diet, PS diet also increased(P < 0.05) the pH45 min, marbling scores, the content of intramuscular fat and inosine monophosphate in the L. thoracis, and decreased(P < 0.05) the drip loss and shear force. In addition, compared with the TS diet, PS diet increased(P < 0.05) the proportions of flavor amino acids, DHA, EPA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in the L. thoracis compared with TS diet,but decreased(P < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Furthermore, compared with the TS diet, PS diet also upregulated(P < 0.05) the lipogenic genes(FAS, LPL, SCD, ACCα) and myosin heavy-chain(MyHC)-IIa mRNA expression levels compared with the TS diet, but downregulated(P < 0.05) the CPT1 B and MyHC-IIb mRNA levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results provided compelling evidence that the different dietary starch source altered the carcass traits, meat flavor and quality in finishing pigs, and consumption of a diet with higher amylose/amylopectin ratio results in the production of a healthy, higher quality, and nutritional value pork.展开更多
Background: There are various fat sources with different energy values and fatty acid compositions that may affect growth performance and carcass composition of grow-finishing pigs. A higher net energy was recently re...Background: There are various fat sources with different energy values and fatty acid compositions that may affect growth performance and carcass composition of grow-finishing pigs. A higher net energy was recently reported in choice white grease compared with soybean oil. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine whether practical responses confirm that difference between choice white grease and soybean oil, and to extend the observations to other fat sources.Results: In Exp. 1, pigs fed fats had lower(P < 0.05) average daily feed intake in phase II and overall period,greater(P < 0.05) gain:feed in phase I, phase II, and overall period than pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed fats tended(P = 0.057) to have thicker backfat depth at the last rib than those fed control. Pigs fed 6% fats had greater(P < 0.01) gain:feed in phase II and overall period than pigs fed 3% fats. During phase I, pigs fed choice white grease grew faster(P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean oil. In Exp. 2, pigs fed dietary fats(soybean oil, choice white grease, animal-vegetable blend, palm oil, or tallow) had greater(P < 0.01) gain:feed in each phase and overall period, greater(P < 0.01) average daily gain in phase I, but lower(P < 0.01) average daily feed intake in phase II an overall than pigs fed the control diets. The choice white grease also increased(P < 0.05) average daily gain during phase I compared with soybean oil. Pigs fed palm oil had thicker(P < 0.05) backfat depth at the 10 thrib than those fed soybean oil, animal-vegetable blend, or tallow.Conclusions: Inclusion of 6% dietary fat improved feed efficiency of finishing pigs, while different fats produced different practical results that may be consistent with their different energy values. Results from the early stage indicate that dietary fats with relatively more saturated fatty acids may provide greater energy than those with relatively more unsaturated fatty acids for growing pigs.展开更多
Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio,large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry.Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of ...Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio,large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry.Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components,machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification.In order to address the problem,it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance.To find the overall machining deformation,finishing allowance-induced deformation(web finishing allowance,sidewall finishing allowance)and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors.Meanwhile,machined surface residual stress-induced deformation,clamping stress-induced deformation,thermal deformation,gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model.Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress.Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress,a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowanceinduced deformation.In addition,linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation.Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm.Additionally,web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were1.05 mm and 0.7 mm.Furthermore,the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy,which made 39–56%reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.展开更多
文摘Jeanologia,the global leader in sustainable textile technologies,is transforming textile finishing into a faster,cleaner,and more competitive process through its ground-breaking laser and ozone innovations.Technology at the core:Laser and Ozone The company's technological portfolio is led by two key solutions that are redefining industrial finishing.Laser Technology(exemplified by the Compact Super Flash system)delivers creativity,safety,quality,and natural aesthetics.It eliminates manual scraping,PP spray,and any hand touch,ensuring operator safety while boosting produc-tivity through automation and digital efficiency.It provides the best cost per garment and unparalleled design precision.
文摘Yoantion Industrial INC.,LTD.is a listed company Stock Code 301053 specializing in high-end dyeing and finishing equipment.It serves as the vice president unit of the China Textile Machinery Association and the vice president unit of the China Dyeing and Printing Association.The company has been awarded numerous honors including National High-tech Enterprise and National Stenter Development Base.Its leading products are well-received both domestically and internationally.
文摘Monforts and its partners Archroma and BW Converting are setting new standards in the resource efficient and cost-effective finishing of fabrics.During a recent webinar organised by Germany'sVDMA textile ma-chinery association,specialists from the three companies provided details of the range of new energy-saving options that is now available to mills.In particular,BW Converting's Baldwin TexCoat®G4 precision spray technology-in combination with advanced Archroma finishing formula-tions and Monforts MONTEX stenters and MONFORTEX shrinking ranges and related technologiesis pushing the envelope in new standards for sustainable and long-lasting clean productivity.
基金the financial supports from National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFB3403301)the Funds for International Cooperation and Exchange of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52311530080)。
文摘Modern industrial equipment is increasingly characterized by miniaturization,integration,and high performance,necessitating the production of complex structural parts with exceptionally high internal surface quality.Direct manufacturing often leads to high internal surface roughness,which traditional finishing and measuring methods cannot adequately address due to the decreasing size and increasing complexity of internal structures.This is especially true for components like pipes with large aspect ratios,extremely small deep holes,multi-stage bends,cross pipes,and array holes.To meet the high-performance manufacturing demands of these parts,advanced internal surface finishing and roughness measurement technologies have gained significant attention.This review focuses on the challenges and solutions related to internal surface parts with various apertures and complex structures.Internal surface finishing methods are categorized into mechanical finishing,fluid-based finishing,and energy-field-based finishing based on their characteristics.Roughness measurement technologies are divided into tool-probing and non-probing methods.The principles,required equipment,and key parameters of each finishing and measurement approach are discussed in detail.Additionally,the advantages and limitations of these methods are summarized,and future trends are forecasted.This paper serves as a comprehensive guide for researchers and engineers aiming to enhance the internal surface quality of complex structure parts.
基金Shanghai Municipal Natural Science Foundation,China(No.23ZR1402300)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(Nos.2232022G-11 and 2232023G-11)。
文摘China,as the world’s largest producer and consumer of synthetic textiles,faces sustainability challenges in the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing sector.The greenhouse gas(GHG)emission profiles and potential mitigation pathways for this sector require further classification.This study analyzed the GHG emissions from the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing process of eight representative life cycle assessment(LCA)cases.To explore the potential for emission mitigation,four mitigation strategies were developed,resulting in the formulation of 11 scenarios.The average GHG emissions per kilogram of synthetic textiles from the dyeing and finishing process were 3.06 kg CO_(2)equivalent(eq)(ranging from 1.83 to 5.34 kg CO_(2)eq),primarily contributed by the dyeing unit and resulting from energy consumption(steam and electricity).The scenario analysis suggested that in the business-as-usual scenario,GHG emissions from the dyeing and finishing sector could reach 17.79 Mt CO_(2)eq by the year of 2060.Emission mitigation potentials across scenarios ranged from 35.72%to 71.65%.In the most optimistic scenario,emissions could be reduced to as low as 5.04 Mt CO_(2)eq by the year of 2060.These findings provide valuable insights to identify key mitigation pathways for the synthetic textile dyeing and finishing sector.
文摘目的评估XP-endo Finisher(XPF)锉与被动超声冲洗(PUI)对根管内壁玷污层的清除效果。方法选择60颗离体单直根管下颌前磨牙,距根尖16 mm处截冠,采用S3镍钛锉预备到3S,根据终末处理方式不同将样本随机分成6组。A组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min;B组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合XPF处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)溶液冲洗1 min;C组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min;D组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液联合PUI处理1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min;E组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min;F组:3 mL 3%次氯酸钠溶液30号侧方冲洗针冲洗1 min,再用4 mL 17%EDTA溶液冲洗1 min。采用扫描电子显微镜观察玷污层形态,并比较根尖1/3区、根中1/3区牙本质小管开口数。结果 A、C、E组实验样本整个根管壁都有玷污层覆盖,A组与C组牙本质小管开口数明显高于E组(P<0.05),而A组与C组的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);F组根中区、B组和D组根尖区有少量玷污层覆盖,牙本质小管开放或半开放;F组根尖区可见玷污层,牙本质小管封闭或半封闭;B和D组根中区根管壁玷污层均被有效去除;在根尖1/3区和根中1/3区,B组与D组牙本质小管开口数高于其他4组(P<0.05),而B组和D组间的差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 XPF锉对根管内壁玷污层的清洁效果与PUI无明显差异,可用于根管预备后提高根管清洁效果。
基金supported by the Presidential Foundation of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences(201802B,201621)Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System(2016LM1080,2017LM1080)
文摘Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression analyses.Results: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lower(P < 0.05). Additionally, H2 diet also increased butyrate concentration compared with control group(P < 0.05), while decreased the concentrations of phenol, p-cresol, and skatole(P < 0.05). Pigs in the H1 group down-regulated the expression of TLR-4 and pro-inflammatory cytokines(IFN-γ) compared with pigs in the control group(P < 0.05), and up-regulated anti-inflammatory cytokine(IL-10) and intestinal barrier genes(ZO-1, occludin, and mucin-1). H2 diet up-regulated the expression of ZO-1 compared with control group(P < 0.05). Furthermore, the changes in the colonic mucosal gene expression were associated with changes in the bacterial composition and their metabolites.Conclusions: Collectively, dietary inclusion of Hermetia illucens larvae may enhance mucosal immune homeostasis of pigs via altering bacterial composition and their metabolites. These findings provide a new perspective on insect meal as a sustainable protein source rich in nutrient ingredients for swine.
基金financially supported by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation(AGL2008-05274-C02-01/ALI)
文摘The effect of the inclusion of chestnut in pigs ifnishing diet on volatile compounds of dry-cured Celta ham was studied. Twelve hams of each type （from three different pigs ifnishing diets：concentrate （CO）, mixed （MI） and chestnut （CH）） were used. Volatiles were extracted using a purge-and-trap method and analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry （GC/MS）. Thirty-nine volatile compounds were identified in dry-cured Celta ham samples. Most abundant volatiles in ham samples were aldehydes, which represented respectively, 53% （CO）, 51% （MI） and 46% （CH） of the total volatile composition. With the exception of 2-butenal, 2-methyl, all aldehydes were affected by feeding system. On the other hand, hydrocarbons n-alkanes were the second major group in the volatile proifle of dry-cured Celta hams and represented 28.9, 35.7 and 32.4%of the total volatile composition for CO, MI and CH groups, respectively. Ham samples from chestnut group showed a higher content of alcohols and this result could be related with the inclusion of chestnut in the ifnishing diet of pigs. Principal component analysis showed a good separation among groups. The discriminant analysis selected eight variables （butanoic acid, hexanal, octanal, nonenal （E）, decenal （E）, tetradecane, decane trimethyl and pyridine 2-methyl） and calculated two discriminating functions to predict if chestnut has been included in the ifnishing diet. Thus, it was possible to discriminate between groups fed with ifnishing diets containing chestnuts in their composition （mixed and chestnut group）.
基金Supported by Science Fund for Creative Research Groups of NSFC(51621064)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.51475074,11302043)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(DUT15QY37)
文摘The integral impeller and blisk of an aero-engine are high performance parts with complex structure and made of difficult-to-cut materials. The blade surfaces of the integral impeller and blisk are functional surfaces for power transmission, and their surface integrity has signif- icant effects on the aerodynamic efficiency and service life of an aero-engine. Thus, it is indispensable to finish and strengthen the blades before use. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review of studies on finishing and strengthening technologies for the impeller and blisk of aero-engines. The review includes independent and inte- grated finishing and strengthening technologies and dis- cusses advanced rotational abrasive flow machining with back-pressure used for finishing the integral impeller and blisk. A brief assessment of future research problems and directions is also presented.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of P.R.China (No.NSFC30525029)
文摘Two experiments were conducted to in- vestigate the effects of net energy （NE） level on the performance and carcass traits of finishing pigs fed low crude protein （CP） diets supplemented with crystalline amino acids （CAA）. A total of 216 （Exp. 1） and 360 （Exp. 2 ） barrows （ Yorkshire × Landrace× Duroc ） were allotted to one of six treatments （n =6）. The experimental diets were based on corn and soybean meal, and consisted of a high-CP diet that contained approximately 16% CP and 2.50 Mcal/kg of NE as well as five low-CP diets in which the CP level of the diet was reduced by approximately four percentage units but was supplemented with crystalline lysine, methionine, threonine, and tryptophan. The low CP diets provided 2.64, 2.58, 2.50, 2.42, or 2.36 Mcal/kg in Exp. 1 as well as 2.45, 2.40, 2.35, 2.30, or 2.25 Mcai/kg in Exp.2. In Exp. 1, a linear （P=0.03） increase in weight gain was observed with decreasing NE level while the ratio of gain to feed was unaffect- ed （P 〉 0.05） by NE level. There was a linear in-crease （P = 0.01 ） in the percentage of fat-free lean and a linear decrease （ P = 0.03 ） in the percentage of total fat with decreasing NE levels. In Exp. 2, a sig- nificant quadratic （ P = 0.03 ） effect of NE level was observed for weight gain. The ratio of gain to feed demonstrated a significant （P 〈0.01 ） quadratic effect with pigs fed 2.35 and 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE, Pigs fed the diet containing 2.40 Mcal/kg of NE had the lowest percentage of total fat （36. 95% ） and the highest percentage of fat-free lean （49.36%）. The overall results of these experiments indicate that feed- ing either a surplus or a deficiency of NE is detrimen- tal to both pig performance and carcass composition when low CP diets supplemented with CAA are fed. Our results indicate that when the CP content of the diet is reduced by four percentage units and the diet is properly supplemented with CAA, maximum per- formance and carcass quality will be obtained if the diet provides approximately 2.42 Mcal/kg of NE.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31902200)Talent Project of the Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences (201803)+5 种基金Special fund for scientific innovation strategy-construction of high level Academy of Agriculture Science,Recommended Program of Guangdong (2018kczx06)Guangdong Modern Agro-industry Technology Research System (2019KJ115)National Key Research and Development Program of China (2016YFD0501210)Science and Technology planning project of Guangdong Province (2019A050505007)key project of Guangzhou Science and Technology Plan (201707020007)Science and Technology planning project of Guangdong Province (2019A050505007)。
文摘Background: With increasing health awareness among consumers, the demand for healthier, tastier, higher quality and nutritional value pork is increasing. It has been shown that different dietary starch sources can alter the carcass traits and meat quality. However, research on the effects of different starch sources with clear different amylose/amylopectin ratio on the amino acid and fatty acid composition in Longissimus thoracis(L. thoracis) muscle of pigs is limited. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different dietary starch sources on carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition, and the mRNA expression levels of genes involved in lipid metabolism and muscle fiber characteristics in finishing pigs. A total of 72 Duroc × Landrace × Large White barrows were randomly allocated to 3 different dietary treatment groups with 8 replicate pens/group and 3 pigs per pen.Tapioca starch(TS), corn starch(CS), and pea starch(PS), with amylose/amylopectin ratio of 0.11, 0.25, and 0.44,respectively, were used as their dietary starch sources for 40 days.Results: Results showed that the PS diet significantly increased(P < 0.05) the final body weight, average daily gain,loin-eye area, and fat-free lean index compared with the TS diet, but significantly decreased(P < 0.05) the feed to gain ratio and backfat thickness. Compared with the TS diet, PS diet also increased(P < 0.05) the pH45 min, marbling scores, the content of intramuscular fat and inosine monophosphate in the L. thoracis, and decreased(P < 0.05) the drip loss and shear force. In addition, compared with the TS diet, PS diet increased(P < 0.05) the proportions of flavor amino acids, DHA, EPA, and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid(PUFA) in the L. thoracis compared with TS diet,but decreased(P < 0.05) the ratio of n-6/n-3 PUFA. Furthermore, compared with the TS diet, PS diet also upregulated(P < 0.05) the lipogenic genes(FAS, LPL, SCD, ACCα) and myosin heavy-chain(MyHC)-IIa mRNA expression levels compared with the TS diet, but downregulated(P < 0.05) the CPT1 B and MyHC-IIb mRNA levels.Conclusions: In conclusion, these results provided compelling evidence that the different dietary starch source altered the carcass traits, meat flavor and quality in finishing pigs, and consumption of a diet with higher amylose/amylopectin ratio results in the production of a healthy, higher quality, and nutritional value pork.
文摘Background: There are various fat sources with different energy values and fatty acid compositions that may affect growth performance and carcass composition of grow-finishing pigs. A higher net energy was recently reported in choice white grease compared with soybean oil. Therefore, two experiments were conducted to determine whether practical responses confirm that difference between choice white grease and soybean oil, and to extend the observations to other fat sources.Results: In Exp. 1, pigs fed fats had lower(P < 0.05) average daily feed intake in phase II and overall period,greater(P < 0.05) gain:feed in phase I, phase II, and overall period than pigs fed the control diet. Pigs fed fats tended(P = 0.057) to have thicker backfat depth at the last rib than those fed control. Pigs fed 6% fats had greater(P < 0.01) gain:feed in phase II and overall period than pigs fed 3% fats. During phase I, pigs fed choice white grease grew faster(P < 0.05) than pigs fed soybean oil. In Exp. 2, pigs fed dietary fats(soybean oil, choice white grease, animal-vegetable blend, palm oil, or tallow) had greater(P < 0.01) gain:feed in each phase and overall period, greater(P < 0.01) average daily gain in phase I, but lower(P < 0.01) average daily feed intake in phase II an overall than pigs fed the control diets. The choice white grease also increased(P < 0.05) average daily gain during phase I compared with soybean oil. Pigs fed palm oil had thicker(P < 0.05) backfat depth at the 10 thrib than those fed soybean oil, animal-vegetable blend, or tallow.Conclusions: Inclusion of 6% dietary fat improved feed efficiency of finishing pigs, while different fats produced different practical results that may be consistent with their different energy values. Results from the early stage indicate that dietary fats with relatively more saturated fatty acids may provide greater energy than those with relatively more unsaturated fatty acids for growing pigs.
基金co-supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51405226)Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province of China(No.KYCX19_0165)。
文摘Owing to reliability and high strength-to-weight ratio,large thin-walled components are widely used in the aviation and aerospace industry.Due to the complex features and sequence involved in the machining process of large thin-walled components,machining deformation of component is easy to exceed the specification.In order to address the problem,it is important to retain the appropriate finishing allowance.To find the overall machining deformation,finishing allowance-induced deformation(web finishing allowance,sidewall finishing allowance)and initial residual stress-induced deformation were considered as major factors.Meanwhile,machined surface residual stress-induced deformation,clamping stress-induced deformation,thermal deformation,gravity-induced deformation and inertial force-induced deformation were neglected in the optimization model.Six-peak Gaussian function was introduced to fit the initial residual stress.Based upon the obtained function of initial residual stress,a deformation prediction model between initial residual stress and finishing allowance was established to attain the finishing allowanceinduced deformation.In addition,linear programming optimization model based on the simplex algorithm was developed to optimize the overall machining deformation.Results have concluded that the overall machining deformation reached the minimum value when sidewall finishing allowance and web finishing allowance varied between 1 and 2 mm.Additionally,web finishing allowance-induced deformation and sidewall finishing allowance-induced deformation were1.05 mm and 0.7 mm.Furthermore,the machining deformation decreased to 0.3–0.38 mm with the application of optimized finishing allowance allocation strategy,which made 39–56%reduction of the overall machining deformation compared to that in conventional method.
