Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and services.Higher plant species diversity has been largely r...Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and services.Higher plant species diversity has been largely reported to increase aboveground community biomass,but how biodiversity affects fine-root production and the related mechanisms in forests remain unclear.In this study,we aim to answer two questions:(i)does fine-root production increase with tree species richness?(ii)Can this effect be explained by niche complementarity among species?Methods We analyzed data from a large forest biodiversity experiment(BEF-China)with 5-year-old trees.Fine-root growth was measured as standing biomass and annual fine-root regrowth was estimated using ingrowth cores.Moreover,relative yield was calculated to test whether over-or under-yielding occurred when mixtures were compared with the average monoculture of the species included in the mixtures.We calculated functional diversity for fine-root(≤2 mm in diameter)traits by Rao’s quadratic entropy index for each species mixture.The effects of manipulated tree species richness and identity on fine-root traits were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Mixed models were also used to test the relationships between tree species richness and fine-root standing biomass,annual regrowth and vertical heterogeneity.Important Findings Fine roots of more than one species were found in half of the soil cores in mixtures indicating that belowground interactions in these young forest stands occurred much earlier than canopy closure.We found significant differences among species in fine-root traits such as diameter and specific root length(SRL),which suggested different resource-use strategies and niche partitioning among species.Mean fine-root diameter of species ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 mm,mean SRL ranged from 12.43 m·g^(−1)to 70.22 m·g^(−1)and mean vertical distribution indexβranged from 0.68 to 0.93.There was a significant positive relationship between species richness and the evenness of the vertical distribution of fine-root standing biomass.Moreover,marginally significant positive relationships existed between species richness and standing biomass as well as annual regrowth of fine roots.Relative yields and Rao’s quadratic entropy index were both not significantly affected by species richness.However,the relative yield of fine-root standing biomass was marginally correlated with Rao’s quadratic entropy index,implying that belowground niche complementarity between species does contribute to diversity effects.In conclusion,our study showed positive effects of species richness on the filling of soil volume by fine roots in the studied experimental forest communities.This has positive effects on fine-root standing biomass and may also lead to increased aboveground biomass.展开更多
Fine roots play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.Patterns of fine roots biomass formation for broad geographical areas are still unclear.We use published estimates of characteristi...Fine roots play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.Patterns of fine roots biomass formation for broad geographical areas are still unclear.We use published estimates of characteristics of European pine and spruce stands to determine their productivity and calculate the needle biomass.Then,the relationship between the fine-root:needle biomass ratio of European pine and spruce forests and the stand quality index,which is a proxy of soil fertility,was determined.We show that a rise in soil fertility is accompanied by a decrease in this ratio.Moving from the northern edge of the boreal zone southwards,with the related rise in air and soil temperatures,we see a decline in the mass ratio of fine roots and needle.The change in the fine-root:needle biomass ratio is controlled by the change in specific water uptake by roots,which is related to the osmotic pressure of the solution in the absorbing root's central vascular cylinder.The fine-root:needle ratio does not vary among stands of the same age if the stand quality index and the geographical latitude(a proxy of air and soil temperatures)are constant.These findings may be useful for further in-depth analysis of forest ecosystem functioning in Europe.展开更多
本研究在亚热带天然毛竹林开展野外氮添加试验,以硝酸铵为氮源,设置3个氮添加水平:0、20和80 kg N·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),分别对应对照组、低氮处理和高氮处理。在试验的第9年采集表层(0~15 cm)土壤和毛竹样品,测定土壤基本化学性...本研究在亚热带天然毛竹林开展野外氮添加试验,以硝酸铵为氮源,设置3个氮添加水平:0、20和80 kg N·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),分别对应对照组、低氮处理和高氮处理。在试验的第9年采集表层(0~15 cm)土壤和毛竹样品,测定土壤基本化学性质、微生物群落组成、酸性磷酸酶活性、叶片氮和磷含量、叶片磷组分、细根生物量和磷含量,分析氮添加对毛竹磷利用策略和磷获取策略的影响及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:低氮和高氮添加均显著提高了叶片氮和磷含量,导致叶片氮磷比没有显著变化。与对照相比,仅高氮添加显著提高了叶片代谢磷、核酸磷和结构磷含量,但未改变各磷组分的占比。低氮和高氮添加下土壤有效磷含量和细根磷含量平均显著提高了31.4%和28.9%,但土壤有机磷含量显著降低了28.2%。细根磷含量与细根生物量、土壤丛枝菌根真菌丰度和有效磷含量均存在显著正相关关系。综上,长期氮添加通过增加地下碳分配来提高毛竹根系的磷吸收。展开更多
基金the general support of the whole BEF-China teamthe Sino-German Centre for Research Promotion in Beijing for travel grants and the participation in a summer school on scientific writing(GZ 785)funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31270496 and No.31300353).
文摘Aims Fine roots play an important role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems and are vital for understanding forest ecosystem functioning and services.Higher plant species diversity has been largely reported to increase aboveground community biomass,but how biodiversity affects fine-root production and the related mechanisms in forests remain unclear.In this study,we aim to answer two questions:(i)does fine-root production increase with tree species richness?(ii)Can this effect be explained by niche complementarity among species?Methods We analyzed data from a large forest biodiversity experiment(BEF-China)with 5-year-old trees.Fine-root growth was measured as standing biomass and annual fine-root regrowth was estimated using ingrowth cores.Moreover,relative yield was calculated to test whether over-or under-yielding occurred when mixtures were compared with the average monoculture of the species included in the mixtures.We calculated functional diversity for fine-root(≤2 mm in diameter)traits by Rao’s quadratic entropy index for each species mixture.The effects of manipulated tree species richness and identity on fine-root traits were analyzed with linear mixed-effects models.Mixed models were also used to test the relationships between tree species richness and fine-root standing biomass,annual regrowth and vertical heterogeneity.Important Findings Fine roots of more than one species were found in half of the soil cores in mixtures indicating that belowground interactions in these young forest stands occurred much earlier than canopy closure.We found significant differences among species in fine-root traits such as diameter and specific root length(SRL),which suggested different resource-use strategies and niche partitioning among species.Mean fine-root diameter of species ranged from 0.31 to 0.74 mm,mean SRL ranged from 12.43 m·g^(−1)to 70.22 m·g^(−1)and mean vertical distribution indexβranged from 0.68 to 0.93.There was a significant positive relationship between species richness and the evenness of the vertical distribution of fine-root standing biomass.Moreover,marginally significant positive relationships existed between species richness and standing biomass as well as annual regrowth of fine roots.Relative yields and Rao’s quadratic entropy index were both not significantly affected by species richness.However,the relative yield of fine-root standing biomass was marginally correlated with Rao’s quadratic entropy index,implying that belowground niche complementarity between species does contribute to diversity effects.In conclusion,our study showed positive effects of species richness on the filling of soil volume by fine roots in the studied experimental forest communities.This has positive effects on fine-root standing biomass and may also lead to increased aboveground biomass.
基金funded by state order to the Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences(Forest Research Institute of KarRC RAS)。
文摘Fine roots play a crucial role in the biogeochemical cycles of terrestrial ecosystems.Patterns of fine roots biomass formation for broad geographical areas are still unclear.We use published estimates of characteristics of European pine and spruce stands to determine their productivity and calculate the needle biomass.Then,the relationship between the fine-root:needle biomass ratio of European pine and spruce forests and the stand quality index,which is a proxy of soil fertility,was determined.We show that a rise in soil fertility is accompanied by a decrease in this ratio.Moving from the northern edge of the boreal zone southwards,with the related rise in air and soil temperatures,we see a decline in the mass ratio of fine roots and needle.The change in the fine-root:needle biomass ratio is controlled by the change in specific water uptake by roots,which is related to the osmotic pressure of the solution in the absorbing root's central vascular cylinder.The fine-root:needle ratio does not vary among stands of the same age if the stand quality index and the geographical latitude(a proxy of air and soil temperatures)are constant.These findings may be useful for further in-depth analysis of forest ecosystem functioning in Europe.
文摘本研究在亚热带天然毛竹林开展野外氮添加试验,以硝酸铵为氮源,设置3个氮添加水平:0、20和80 kg N·hm^(-2)·a^(-1),分别对应对照组、低氮处理和高氮处理。在试验的第9年采集表层(0~15 cm)土壤和毛竹样品,测定土壤基本化学性质、微生物群落组成、酸性磷酸酶活性、叶片氮和磷含量、叶片磷组分、细根生物量和磷含量,分析氮添加对毛竹磷利用策略和磷获取策略的影响及其与环境因子的关系。结果表明:低氮和高氮添加均显著提高了叶片氮和磷含量,导致叶片氮磷比没有显著变化。与对照相比,仅高氮添加显著提高了叶片代谢磷、核酸磷和结构磷含量,但未改变各磷组分的占比。低氮和高氮添加下土壤有效磷含量和细根磷含量平均显著提高了31.4%和28.9%,但土壤有机磷含量显著降低了28.2%。细根磷含量与细根生物量、土壤丛枝菌根真菌丰度和有效磷含量均存在显著正相关关系。综上,长期氮添加通过增加地下碳分配来提高毛竹根系的磷吸收。
