In Oilfield B of the Bohai Bay Basin,the shallow-water delta sandbody reservoirs are thin and exhibit rapid lateral changes.Local incised superposition results in complex oil-water relationships within the sandbodies ...In Oilfield B of the Bohai Bay Basin,the shallow-water delta sandbody reservoirs are thin and exhibit rapid lateral changes.Local incised superposition results in complex oil-water relationships within the sandbodies and uneven plane injection-production response,which restricts the efficient tapping of remaining oil.Based on data such as drilling cores,geochemical analysis,well logging,and seismic data,the sedimentary characteristics of the lobate shallowwater delta are determined.Through seismic forward modeling,the seismic waveform characteristics of different sand body stacking patterns are summarized to guide the fine description of composite sand body stacking patterns and single-stage sand body plane distribution patterns.The results show that:by using identification markers such as the discontinuous,superimposed,and elevation difference characteristics of event axes on inverted seismic profiles,as well as the variation zones of planar seismic attributes,2 phases of composite channels can be divided.Five types of sandbody contact patterns were summarized,including discrete contact,lateral cutting contact,natural levee connection,vertical aggradation superimposition,and composite superimposition.Combined with the results of fine characterization of sand bodies,based on the single-phase channel and river-bar lobes,the remaining oil distribution law is summarized,the oil-water relationship and remaining oil distribution of the river-bar composite sand body are jointly controlled by the cutting interface of the sand body and the rhythm pattern of the composite sand body,and the potential tapping strategies such as improving the single-phase channel well pattern,river-bar lobes well pattern reconstruction and local encryption are proposed.The successful implementation of 24 adjustment wells and the successful production of 100 m3/d from 9 new adjustment wells demonstrates that the fine characterization method and resulting residual oil predictions are reasonable and credible,and provide reference for the development,production and potential mining of similar oilfields.展开更多
In this paper,the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored.Therefore,strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm(Ulmus rubra)board at the...In this paper,the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored.Therefore,strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm(Ulmus rubra)board at the temperature of 40℃and 80℃is detected via digital image correlation technology.Hence,the difference between tangential and radial strain at surface and core layers was denoted.The results showed that strain distribution in the width direction of the board is uneven.Moreover,a large drying shrinkage strain occurs at the near-core layer,while the maximum strain difference reaches 4.08%.Hence,the surface of the board is cracked along the thickness direction.The radial strain of the board is higher than the tangential strain in the early stage of drying,while these strains are reversed in the later stage of drying.The temperature is related to the difference between the tangential and radial strains of the elm board.These differences at the core layer are larger than those of the surface layer.The conducted research results provide a theoretical basis for process optimization.展开更多
Under the condition of conventional seismic data, because the thickness of the whole stratum of the second member of Shahejie Formation in the south is reduced, it is wedge-shaped in the south, and the shielding effec...Under the condition of conventional seismic data, because the thickness of the whole stratum of the second member of Shahejie Formation in the south is reduced, it is wedge-shaped in the south, and the shielding effect of the interface between the overlying sand and the bottom layer or the weak seismic reflection signal, it is difficult to identify the overbreak line, which seriously affects the exploration and development of the second member of Shahejie Formation. Based on this, on the basis of target processing of seismic data and cross-well correlation of logging sequences, and combining with seismic structural attributes, the location of stratigraphic superstripping lines is preliminarily determined, and then the accurate location of stratigraphic superstripping lines is finely determined by using the included angle extrapolation technique and seismic stratigraphic method for interactive verification.展开更多
Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because t...Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because they have considerable packaging efficiency and can reduce skin itching and dust during harvesting, drying, and packing （Shim et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012）.展开更多
Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within ...Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within or around the lesion spots, which are frequently observed in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens （Lorrain et al., 2003）. A number of these mutants have been characterized in rice （Zeng et al., 2004）, Arabidopsis （Guo et al., 2013）, maize （Wang et al., 2013） and barley （Persson et al., 2008）. Most lmm show enhanced resistance to various pathogens （Huang et al., 2011）, because HR is usually accompanied with enhanced defense responses, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS） activation （Qiao et al., 2010） and increased expression of pathogenesis-related genes （Lorrain et al., 2003）. Additionally, most lmm exhibit defects in growth and development due to the disordered physiolog- ical and molecular processes caused by the lesion spots. Thus, lmm are powerful tools for the study of the molecular mech- anisms of cell death, plant development and disease resistance （Lorrain et al., 2003; Babu et al., 2011）.展开更多
Three types of nanoparticles and their combinations were blended into a fine powder, which has been used in the powder coating industry. To study their effects on flow properties, the modified powder samples were char...Three types of nanoparticles and their combinations were blended into a fine powder, which has been used in the powder coating industry. To study their effects on flow properties, the modified powder samples were characterized using a variety of techniques that tested the powder under different powder states ranging from dynamic to static. It was found that all three nanoparticles improved the flow properties of the powder to some degree, though the amounts of the nanoparticles needed were different depending on their physical properties. Secondly, inconsistency among these powder characterization techniques was also found. This is attributed to the different states of the powder samples during a measurement including dynamic, dynamic-static and static states. It was confirmed that characterization techniques which test the flow properties of a powder under all three states are needed to fully describe the flow properties of the powder. Finally, the effects of combinations of nanoparticles were explored, and it was found that combinations of nanoparticles can intensify, weaken or combine the effects of their component nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticle combinations are not a simple summation of the effects of their comnonent nanoparticles.展开更多
Qinshui Basin possesses enormous deep coalbed methane(CBM)resources.Fine and quantitative description of coal reservoirs is critical for achieving efficient exploration and development of deep CBM.This study proposes ...Qinshui Basin possesses enormous deep coalbed methane(CBM)resources.Fine and quantitative description of coal reservoirs is critical for achieving efficient exploration and development of deep CBM.This study proposes a 3D geological modeling workflow that integrates three parts:geological data analysis,3D geological modeling,and application of the model,which can accurately predict the favorable areas of CBM.Taking the Yushe-Wuxiang Block within the Qinshui Basin as a case study,lithology identification,sequence stratigraphy division,structural interpretation is conducted by integrating well logging,seismic,and drilling data.Six lithology types and regional structural characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata are finely identified.Combining experimental testing on porosity and gas content and well testing on permeability,a 3D geological model that integrates the structural model,facies model,and property model was established.Utilizing this model,the total CBM resource volume in the study area was calculated to be 2481.3×108 m3.Furthermore,the model is applied to predict the distribution ranges of four types of CBM favorable areas.The workflow is helpful to optimize well deployment and improve CBM resource evaluation,ultimately provide theoretical guidance for subsequent efficient exploration and development.Our study constitutes a reference case for assessing potential of CBM in other blocks due to the successful integration of multiple available of data and its practical applications.展开更多
文摘In Oilfield B of the Bohai Bay Basin,the shallow-water delta sandbody reservoirs are thin and exhibit rapid lateral changes.Local incised superposition results in complex oil-water relationships within the sandbodies and uneven plane injection-production response,which restricts the efficient tapping of remaining oil.Based on data such as drilling cores,geochemical analysis,well logging,and seismic data,the sedimentary characteristics of the lobate shallowwater delta are determined.Through seismic forward modeling,the seismic waveform characteristics of different sand body stacking patterns are summarized to guide the fine description of composite sand body stacking patterns and single-stage sand body plane distribution patterns.The results show that:by using identification markers such as the discontinuous,superimposed,and elevation difference characteristics of event axes on inverted seismic profiles,as well as the variation zones of planar seismic attributes,2 phases of composite channels can be divided.Five types of sandbody contact patterns were summarized,including discrete contact,lateral cutting contact,natural levee connection,vertical aggradation superimposition,and composite superimposition.Combined with the results of fine characterization of sand bodies,based on the single-phase channel and river-bar lobes,the remaining oil distribution law is summarized,the oil-water relationship and remaining oil distribution of the river-bar composite sand body are jointly controlled by the cutting interface of the sand body and the rhythm pattern of the composite sand body,and the potential tapping strategies such as improving the single-phase channel well pattern,river-bar lobes well pattern reconstruction and local encryption are proposed.The successful implementation of 24 adjustment wells and the successful production of 100 m3/d from 9 new adjustment wells demonstrates that the fine characterization method and resulting residual oil predictions are reasonable and credible,and provide reference for the development,production and potential mining of similar oilfields.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.31901242)Heilongjiang Science Foundation Project(No.LH2020C038)National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovations(No.202110225074)。
文摘In this paper,the occurrence and development mechanism of strain on the cross-section during the wood drying is explored.Therefore,strain regularity on the cross-section of 50 mm thickness elm(Ulmus rubra)board at the temperature of 40℃and 80℃is detected via digital image correlation technology.Hence,the difference between tangential and radial strain at surface and core layers was denoted.The results showed that strain distribution in the width direction of the board is uneven.Moreover,a large drying shrinkage strain occurs at the near-core layer,while the maximum strain difference reaches 4.08%.Hence,the surface of the board is cracked along the thickness direction.The radial strain of the board is higher than the tangential strain in the early stage of drying,while these strains are reversed in the later stage of drying.The temperature is related to the difference between the tangential and radial strains of the elm board.These differences at the core layer are larger than those of the surface layer.The conducted research results provide a theoretical basis for process optimization.
文摘Under the condition of conventional seismic data, because the thickness of the whole stratum of the second member of Shahejie Formation in the south is reduced, it is wedge-shaped in the south, and the shielding effect of the interface between the overlying sand and the bottom layer or the weak seismic reflection signal, it is difficult to identify the overbreak line, which seriously affects the exploration and development of the second member of Shahejie Formation. Based on this, on the basis of target processing of seismic data and cross-well correlation of logging sequences, and combining with seismic structural attributes, the location of stratigraphic superstripping lines is preliminarily determined, and then the accurate location of stratigraphic superstripping lines is finely determined by using the included angle extrapolation technique and seismic stratigraphic method for interactive verification.
基金supported by the grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.31025017 and30971763)the National High-tech R&D Program of China(863 Program)(No.2012AA101101)
文摘Glabrous rice exhibits glabrous leaves and hulls because neither of these structures have trichomes on their surfaces. Glabrous rice varieties have become an important germplasm resource in the rice industry because they have considerable packaging efficiency and can reduce skin itching and dust during harvesting, drying, and packing （Shim et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2012）.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China No. 31401351 to J. Wang, and No. 31171622 and No. 31371705 to X. W. Chensupported by the "Hundred Talents Plan" Foundation of Sichuan to X. Chenthe Specialized Research Fund for Doctoral Program of Higher Education (No. 20135103120004) to J. Wang
文摘Mutants showing spontaneous cell death in the absence of pathogen attack are called lesion mimic mutants （lmm） （Lorrain et al., 2003）. These mutants usually exhibit typical hypersensitive responses （HRs） within or around the lesion spots, which are frequently observed in plants challenged with avirulent pathogens （Lorrain et al., 2003）. A number of these mutants have been characterized in rice （Zeng et al., 2004）, Arabidopsis （Guo et al., 2013）, maize （Wang et al., 2013） and barley （Persson et al., 2008）. Most lmm show enhanced resistance to various pathogens （Huang et al., 2011）, because HR is usually accompanied with enhanced defense responses, such as reactive oxygen species （ROS） activation （Qiao et al., 2010） and increased expression of pathogenesis-related genes （Lorrain et al., 2003）. Additionally, most lmm exhibit defects in growth and development due to the disordered physiolog- ical and molecular processes caused by the lesion spots. Thus, lmm are powerful tools for the study of the molecular mech- anisms of cell death, plant development and disease resistance （Lorrain et al., 2003; Babu et al., 2011）.
文摘Three types of nanoparticles and their combinations were blended into a fine powder, which has been used in the powder coating industry. To study their effects on flow properties, the modified powder samples were characterized using a variety of techniques that tested the powder under different powder states ranging from dynamic to static. It was found that all three nanoparticles improved the flow properties of the powder to some degree, though the amounts of the nanoparticles needed were different depending on their physical properties. Secondly, inconsistency among these powder characterization techniques was also found. This is attributed to the different states of the powder samples during a measurement including dynamic, dynamic-static and static states. It was confirmed that characterization techniques which test the flow properties of a powder under all three states are needed to fully describe the flow properties of the powder. Finally, the effects of combinations of nanoparticles were explored, and it was found that combinations of nanoparticles can intensify, weaken or combine the effects of their component nanoparticles. The effects of nanoparticle combinations are not a simple summation of the effects of their comnonent nanoparticles.
基金funded by the NSFC-Shanxi Coal-based Low Carbon Joint Fund of China(No.U1910205)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42272197).
文摘Qinshui Basin possesses enormous deep coalbed methane(CBM)resources.Fine and quantitative description of coal reservoirs is critical for achieving efficient exploration and development of deep CBM.This study proposes a 3D geological modeling workflow that integrates three parts:geological data analysis,3D geological modeling,and application of the model,which can accurately predict the favorable areas of CBM.Taking the Yushe-Wuxiang Block within the Qinshui Basin as a case study,lithology identification,sequence stratigraphy division,structural interpretation is conducted by integrating well logging,seismic,and drilling data.Six lithology types and regional structural characteristics of the Carboniferous-Permian coal-bearing strata are finely identified.Combining experimental testing on porosity and gas content and well testing on permeability,a 3D geological model that integrates the structural model,facies model,and property model was established.Utilizing this model,the total CBM resource volume in the study area was calculated to be 2481.3×108 m3.Furthermore,the model is applied to predict the distribution ranges of four types of CBM favorable areas.The workflow is helpful to optimize well deployment and improve CBM resource evaluation,ultimately provide theoretical guidance for subsequent efficient exploration and development.Our study constitutes a reference case for assessing potential of CBM in other blocks due to the successful integration of multiple available of data and its practical applications.
