The fund provided by the traditional single financing system has been difficult to meet the needs of urban infrastructure construction. Innovation of urban infrastructure financing model and reform of the correspondin...The fund provided by the traditional single financing system has been difficult to meet the needs of urban infrastructure construction. Innovation of urban infrastructure financing model and reform of the corresponding system can better meet the growing needs of urban development and become the main task of current urban construction and development. Based on the characteristics of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction and puts forward some countermeasures to speed up the innovation of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction. The research in this paper can provide useful reference for perfecting the financing system of urban infrastructure construction.展开更多
Under the context of economic transformation and upgrading and the continued advancement of supplyside reforms in China, the development of the energy industry is confronted with many problems and challenges, such as ...Under the context of economic transformation and upgrading and the continued advancement of supplyside reforms in China, the development of the energy industry is confronted with many problems and challenges, such as insufficient energy investment, a shortage of financing channels,and the low participation of social capital. In order to fully mobilize social capital to invest in energy, enhance energy investment efficiency, expand energy financing channels,and increase the vitality of the energy industry, the state has recently issued the Implementing Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Investment and the Financing System in the Energy Industry( "Opinions"). This paper provides a deep interpretation of this document from the perspectives of the background for the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry,the main content of the reform, the problems and challenges confronting the reform,and the expected effects from the reform, and analyzes the objectives, ideas and problems of the reform, in order to effectively promote the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry.展开更多
Biodiversity is closely related to human well-being and is an important foundation for human survival and development.Currently,there is a significant funding gap in biodiversity conservation in various regions.How to...Biodiversity is closely related to human well-being and is an important foundation for human survival and development.Currently,there is a significant funding gap in biodiversity conservation in various regions.How to leverage financial resources in key areas such as financial support for biodiversity conservation,value conversion of ecological products,and green inclusive finance has become an increasingly concerned field and an actively explored direction.This article reviews the relevant policies that have been issued in Jilin Province regarding biodiversity conservation,providing guidance for the formulation of investment and financing policies.In practice,Jilin Province has explored investment and financing models through multiple channels.In terms of finance,it has strengthened the coordination of financial resources at all levels in accordance with the principle of matching fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities,and increased support for biodiversity conservation through existing funding channels.At the same time,it has actively studied the establishment of market-oriented and socialized investment and financing mechanisms and encouraged the participation of social capital.Through the research on the investment and financing policies and practices for biodiversity in Jilin Province,this article analyzes the existing bottlenecks in green finance support for biodiversity,aiming to provide reference for further improving relevant policies,optimizing the allocation and use of funds,and enhancing the level of biodiversity conservation.展开更多
The prioritization of financial infrastructure construction serves as a crucial guarantee for the high-quality development of small and micro enterprises.However,resolving the financing challenges of small and micro e...The prioritization of financial infrastructure construction serves as a crucial guarantee for the high-quality development of small and micro enterprises.However,resolving the financing challenges of small and micro enterprises is not a task to be accomplished overnight.It necessitates the establishment of a long-term mechanism,the acceleration of financial innovation,the gradual enhancement of the vitality of micro-entities,and the creation of a stable and healthy economic development environment.Therefore,the author first analyzes the current financing situation of small and micro enterprises,as well as the problems they face during the process of financial innovation enabling small and micro enterprises to access financing and solve their financing difficulties,such as insufficient technical support,an imperfect risk control system,incomplete information disclosure,and a lack of credit data.Subsequently,targeted paths for financial innovation are proposed,aiming to offer suggestions for solving the financing problems of small and micro enterprises.展开更多
With the global advancement of the concept of sustainable development and environmental protection work,especially under the systematic deployment of green development in the report of the 20th National Congress of th...With the global advancement of the concept of sustainable development and environmental protection work,especially under the systematic deployment of green development in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the development of green finance in China has an increasingly significant impact on enterprise operation and management.Against the backdrop of the continuous deepening of green finance,it has multi-dimensional and profound impacts on enterprises’investment and financing decisions,resource allocation,and development strategies.Based on this,this paper focuses on the level of enterprises’investment and financing strategies,deeply analyzes the specific impacts of green finance development on enterprises,analyzes them in combination with practical problems,and then proposes corresponding optimization countermeasures,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises in the context of green finance.展开更多
Cash flow is a core element for enterprises to maintain operations and development.Cash flow forecasting models,through systematic analysis of an enterprise’s historical cash flow data,trends in operating activities,...Cash flow is a core element for enterprises to maintain operations and development.Cash flow forecasting models,through systematic analysis of an enterprise’s historical cash flow data,trends in operating activities,and external environmental factors,scientifically predict the scale,direction,and fluctuation of cash flow within a certain period in the future.This article focuses on the application of cash flow forecasting models in enterprise investment and financing decisions,sorts out the types and core functions of the models,analyzes their specific roles in investment project screening,financing plan formulation,risk prevention and control,and fund allocation,points out the existing problems in current applications,and proposes optimization paths.Research shows that the scientific application of cash flow forecasting models can enhance the accuracy and rationality of enterprises’investment and financing decisions,and help enterprises achieve sustainable development.展开更多
The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account ...The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account for a significant share of employment and GDP globally.However,the traditional bank credit model has long failed to effectively meet the financing needs of SMEs due to issues such as information asymmetry,high cost,and difficulty in risk assessment,resulting in serious financing constraints.Digital financial inclusion,through technological innovation and big data analysis,has significantly reduced credit costs,alleviated information asymmetry,and provided SMEs with more flexible and efficient financing channels.Research shows that digital financial inclusion can not only ease the financing constraints of SMEs,but also promote their innovation and growth,providing important support for building a more inclusive and sustainable financial ecosystem.展开更多
As an important tool to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development,green finance can effectively alleviate the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),especially in promoting ...As an important tool to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development,green finance can effectively alleviate the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),especially in promoting green transformation plays a key role.SMEs play an important role in economic growth,innovation,and job creation,but due to a lack of collateral,imperfect credit history,and opaque financial information,they face great obstacles in the financing process,especially in the early capital investment required for green transformation.Green finance,through innovative financial instruments such as green credit and green bonds,provides new financing channels for SMEs,helping them reduce financing costs,optimize financing structure,and promote their green transformation and sustainable development.This paper analyzes the current situation and root causes of SMEs’financing dilemma from the perspective of green finance,and probes into the influence of green finance policies on financing behavior.展开更多
This article through the domestic and foreign literature research in this field,related concepts and theoretical review,as well as the analysis of our country's security talent rental housing and REITS development...This article through the domestic and foreign literature research in this field,related concepts and theoretical review,as well as the analysis of our country's security talent rental housing and REITS development situation,discuss the prospect and development direction of our country's security talent rental housing public REITs,and put forward suggestions.展开更多
Digital financial inclusion provides financial services through digital platforms,aiming to improve the ability of MSMEs and low-income groups to access financial resources,thereby easing their financing constraints a...Digital financial inclusion provides financial services through digital platforms,aiming to improve the ability of MSMEs and low-income groups to access financial resources,thereby easing their financing constraints and promoting economic growth and inclusive development.As an innovative financial model,digital financial inclusion utilizes modern technological means to significantly improve the accessibility and convenience of financial services,especially in areas where traditional banking services are under-covered.Digital finance has promoted the popularization of financial services such as micro-credit,micro-savings,and micro-insurance,and helped improve the financing environment of low-income groups and small and micro enterprises.At the same time,digital financial inclusion promotes financial literacy education and digital inclusion construction,and enhances the acceptance and use of digital financial instruments by the general public,which is the key to achieving sustainable development of digital financial inclusion.Therefore,digital financial inclusion can better ease the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote economic development.展开更多
Under the socialist market economic system of our country,the government,through the“invisible hand,”carries on macro regulation and control to improve the financing constraints that small and medium-sized enterpris...Under the socialist market economic system of our country,the government,through the“invisible hand,”carries on macro regulation and control to improve the financing constraints that small and medium-sized enterprises are facing.But because of the huge base number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country,there are many kinds,and the problem of financing constraints is still puzzling the development of enterprises at present.With the continuous promotion of inclusive finance in our country,the problems plaguing SMEs in the last mile of financing are gradually improved.In this context,small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port are taken as the research object to study the role of digital inclusive finance on the financing constraints of SMEs.The research shows that,first of all,small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port generally have financing problems.The development of digital inclusive finance solves the“last kilometer”problem of traditional finance,enhances financial access ability,broadens the financial service group,provides convenience and diversified services for SMEs'financing,and provides inexhaustible impetus for the long-term healthy development of SMEs.Secondly,digital inclusive finance alleviates the financing difficulties faced by SMEs on the island by reducing financial costs and expanding the scale of credit.展开更多
The establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port provides a new opportunity for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.In the process of the country continuously promoting the development of a free trade port,...The establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port provides a new opportunity for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.In the process of the country continuously promoting the development of a free trade port,the financing environment of small and medium-sized enterprises has gradually improved,and the financing environment has been greatly improved.But the small and medium-sized enterprises“financing difficult”“financing expensive”problem still exists.The problems of difficult and expensive financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Haikou city have their reasons as well as the influence of external environmental factors.Therefore,to better solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in Haikou,this paper analyzes the reasons for the difficulty and expensive financing of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the existing research results and summarizes the financing experience of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad.This article finds that the financing systems for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in developed countries are relatively well-established,and both the government and society offer significant support to SMEs.Therefore,this paper believes that the government should adjust the business strategy to improve the financing ecological environment and enhance the financing ability of SMEs.The government should take the lead in perfecting the guarantee system,continuously improving the credit information system of enterprises and various financial service institutions,promoting the opening and institutionalization of private credit,and developing Internet finance[1].展开更多
With the establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port,the small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port have developed and grown in the continuously optimized enterprise environment.The continuous establishm...With the establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port,the small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port have developed and grown in the continuously optimized enterprise environment.The continuous establishment of a large number of small and micro enterprises makes its social and economic development play a non-negligible role.However,due to the small size and insufficient economic strength of small and micro enterprises,their status in the financial system is often very humble.Therefore,under normal circumstances,small and micro enterprises are faced with financing difficulties and high costs,which has a great side effect on their development.The proposal and continuous development of digital inclusive finance,so that small and micro enterprises in access to a wide range of financing opportunities at the same time,their financing methods are more convenient than in the past,the cost is getting lower and lower.This paper deeply discusses the role of digital inclusive finance in easing the financing constraints of small and micro enterprises and puts forward corresponding suggestions[1].展开更多
The global shipping industry,like many others,is under growing pressure to be more sustainable.Regulation,renewable energy advances and customer demand have created a golden opportunity to make shipping more environme...The global shipping industry,like many others,is under growing pressure to be more sustainable.Regulation,renewable energy advances and customer demand have created a golden opportunity to make shipping more environmentally sustainable,which,however,entails significant funding.Traditional ship financing has been done largely on a secured basis,with relatively few considerations around sustainability and environmental protection.This approach is ripe for innovation,given the industry’s significant environmental footprint.Evidence from other industries suggests that borrowers could benefit in pricing and structure from sustainable borrowing mechanisms,such as green bonds(where proceeds are dedicated to environmental and social investment).The trend is also increasing for sustainable loans,which can help to meet the growing demand for retrofit financing within existing vessels to meet CO_(2)emission targets.This paper aims to explore the attitudes of shipping industry participants,through the use of a survey,to green financing,that is,issuing unsecured and covered green,social,and sustainable bonds and other related financing instruments.These could effectively advance the environmental and social agenda in the industry,strengthening environmental,social,and governance(ESG)structures at the same time.Preliminary results suggest that there is considerable scope for improving knowledge and awareness among marine professionals to bridge the sustainability gap.展开更多
Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the devel...Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide.Since the 1980s,China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity.However,the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes.Therefore,the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews.On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory,the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments.Then,the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects,financing environments,and financing methods.The research results can enrich decision-makers’understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.展开更多
Creditors,such as banks,often use disclosed environmental information to assess a company’s environmental risk and ensure the safety of debt funds.Consequently,carbon disclosures have become an important consideratio...Creditors,such as banks,often use disclosed environmental information to assess a company’s environmental risk and ensure the safety of debt funds.Consequently,carbon disclosures have become an important consideration for creditors when making investments.This study explores the relationship between carbon disclosure and debt financing costs using data on listed companies from 2008 to 2019.The results show that carbon disclosure can reduce the debt financing costs of enterprises,and that this influence is more significant for private companies than for state-owned enterprises.Instrumental variables and Propensity Score Matching(PSM)were used to evaluate the robustness of negative relationships.Furthermore,carbon disclosure has a more significant impact on debt costs with less environmental supervision pressure,weak residents’environmental awareness,and weak product market competition.These findings provide guidance for companies’carbon information disclosure and support the establishment of official carbon disclosure standards.展开更多
Tobacco is an illicit product sold in the world and involves fatal communicable diseases and deaths. In several countries, tobacco revenue contributes to the health of victims. This study aimed to evaluate the contrib...Tobacco is an illicit product sold in the world and involves fatal communicable diseases and deaths. In several countries, tobacco revenue contributes to the health of victims. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of tobacco taxes to the financing of the health system in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the period of 3 years (from 2019 to 2021) in order to give some suggestions. A descriptive literature review on the tobacco tax was conducted from three tobacco tax collection services: the services of the General Secretariat of Health in DRC (SGSH), the Program of the National Health Account (PNHA) and the General Direction of Customs and Assizes (GDCA). The analysis revealed that no retrocession and no activity covered by the tax collected on tobacco does not contribute to the financing of the health sector, in order to reduce the burden of households already impoverished by diseases caused by tobacco.展开更多
In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried o...In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried out and those that have were only partially done because the main participants involved had ulterior motives which impeded their having a critical and independent opinion of the projects carried out. Within this framework, the Delphi methodology presents itself as a very useful instrument, as the intrinsic advantages that it has added to the characteristic that the experts who participate in the project can remain anonymous without detracting value from the conclusions obtained as these are grouped together according to their worth.展开更多
文摘The fund provided by the traditional single financing system has been difficult to meet the needs of urban infrastructure construction. Innovation of urban infrastructure financing model and reform of the corresponding system can better meet the growing needs of urban development and become the main task of current urban construction and development. Based on the characteristics of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction, this paper analyzes the influencing factors of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction and puts forward some countermeasures to speed up the innovation of the financing system for urban infrastructure construction. The research in this paper can provide useful reference for perfecting the financing system of urban infrastructure construction.
文摘Under the context of economic transformation and upgrading and the continued advancement of supplyside reforms in China, the development of the energy industry is confronted with many problems and challenges, such as insufficient energy investment, a shortage of financing channels,and the low participation of social capital. In order to fully mobilize social capital to invest in energy, enhance energy investment efficiency, expand energy financing channels,and increase the vitality of the energy industry, the state has recently issued the Implementing Opinions on Deepening the Reform of Investment and the Financing System in the Energy Industry( "Opinions"). This paper provides a deep interpretation of this document from the perspectives of the background for the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry,the main content of the reform, the problems and challenges confronting the reform,and the expected effects from the reform, and analyzes the objectives, ideas and problems of the reform, in order to effectively promote the investment and financing system reform in the energy industry.
文摘Biodiversity is closely related to human well-being and is an important foundation for human survival and development.Currently,there is a significant funding gap in biodiversity conservation in various regions.How to leverage financial resources in key areas such as financial support for biodiversity conservation,value conversion of ecological products,and green inclusive finance has become an increasingly concerned field and an actively explored direction.This article reviews the relevant policies that have been issued in Jilin Province regarding biodiversity conservation,providing guidance for the formulation of investment and financing policies.In practice,Jilin Province has explored investment and financing models through multiple channels.In terms of finance,it has strengthened the coordination of financial resources at all levels in accordance with the principle of matching fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities,and increased support for biodiversity conservation through existing funding channels.At the same time,it has actively studied the establishment of market-oriented and socialized investment and financing mechanisms and encouraged the participation of social capital.Through the research on the investment and financing policies and practices for biodiversity in Jilin Province,this article analyzes the existing bottlenecks in green finance support for biodiversity,aiming to provide reference for further improving relevant policies,optimizing the allocation and use of funds,and enhancing the level of biodiversity conservation.
文摘The prioritization of financial infrastructure construction serves as a crucial guarantee for the high-quality development of small and micro enterprises.However,resolving the financing challenges of small and micro enterprises is not a task to be accomplished overnight.It necessitates the establishment of a long-term mechanism,the acceleration of financial innovation,the gradual enhancement of the vitality of micro-entities,and the creation of a stable and healthy economic development environment.Therefore,the author first analyzes the current financing situation of small and micro enterprises,as well as the problems they face during the process of financial innovation enabling small and micro enterprises to access financing and solve their financing difficulties,such as insufficient technical support,an imperfect risk control system,incomplete information disclosure,and a lack of credit data.Subsequently,targeted paths for financial innovation are proposed,aiming to offer suggestions for solving the financing problems of small and micro enterprises.
基金Exploration of the Impact of Financial Reforms in the Hainan Free Trade Port on Enterprises,General Project(Project No.:HKKY2024-13)。
文摘With the global advancement of the concept of sustainable development and environmental protection work,especially under the systematic deployment of green development in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China,the development of green finance in China has an increasingly significant impact on enterprise operation and management.Against the backdrop of the continuous deepening of green finance,it has multi-dimensional and profound impacts on enterprises’investment and financing decisions,resource allocation,and development strategies.Based on this,this paper focuses on the level of enterprises’investment and financing strategies,deeply analyzes the specific impacts of green finance development on enterprises,analyzes them in combination with practical problems,and then proposes corresponding optimization countermeasures,aiming to provide theoretical support and practical references for enhancing the core competitiveness of enterprises in the context of green finance.
文摘Cash flow is a core element for enterprises to maintain operations and development.Cash flow forecasting models,through systematic analysis of an enterprise’s historical cash flow data,trends in operating activities,and external environmental factors,scientifically predict the scale,direction,and fluctuation of cash flow within a certain period in the future.This article focuses on the application of cash flow forecasting models in enterprise investment and financing decisions,sorts out the types and core functions of the models,analyzes their specific roles in investment project screening,financing plan formulation,risk prevention and control,and fund allocation,points out the existing problems in current applications,and proposes optimization paths.Research shows that the scientific application of cash flow forecasting models can enhance the accuracy and rationality of enterprises’investment and financing decisions,and help enterprises achieve sustainable development.
文摘The rapid development of digital financial inclusion is profoundly changing the financing environment for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs).As an important driver of economic growth and innovation,SMEs account for a significant share of employment and GDP globally.However,the traditional bank credit model has long failed to effectively meet the financing needs of SMEs due to issues such as information asymmetry,high cost,and difficulty in risk assessment,resulting in serious financing constraints.Digital financial inclusion,through technological innovation and big data analysis,has significantly reduced credit costs,alleviated information asymmetry,and provided SMEs with more flexible and efficient financing channels.Research shows that digital financial inclusion can not only ease the financing constraints of SMEs,but also promote their innovation and growth,providing important support for building a more inclusive and sustainable financial ecosystem.
文摘As an important tool to achieve sustainable economic and environmental development,green finance can effectively alleviate the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs),especially in promoting green transformation plays a key role.SMEs play an important role in economic growth,innovation,and job creation,but due to a lack of collateral,imperfect credit history,and opaque financial information,they face great obstacles in the financing process,especially in the early capital investment required for green transformation.Green finance,through innovative financial instruments such as green credit and green bonds,provides new financing channels for SMEs,helping them reduce financing costs,optimize financing structure,and promote their green transformation and sustainable development.This paper analyzes the current situation and root causes of SMEs’financing dilemma from the perspective of green finance,and probes into the influence of green finance policies on financing behavior.
文摘This article through the domestic and foreign literature research in this field,related concepts and theoretical review,as well as the analysis of our country's security talent rental housing and REITS development situation,discuss the prospect and development direction of our country's security talent rental housing public REITs,and put forward suggestions.
文摘Digital financial inclusion provides financial services through digital platforms,aiming to improve the ability of MSMEs and low-income groups to access financial resources,thereby easing their financing constraints and promoting economic growth and inclusive development.As an innovative financial model,digital financial inclusion utilizes modern technological means to significantly improve the accessibility and convenience of financial services,especially in areas where traditional banking services are under-covered.Digital finance has promoted the popularization of financial services such as micro-credit,micro-savings,and micro-insurance,and helped improve the financing environment of low-income groups and small and micro enterprises.At the same time,digital financial inclusion promotes financial literacy education and digital inclusion construction,and enhances the acceptance and use of digital financial instruments by the general public,which is the key to achieving sustainable development of digital financial inclusion.Therefore,digital financial inclusion can better ease the financing constraints of small and medium-sized enterprises and promote economic development.
文摘Under the socialist market economic system of our country,the government,through the“invisible hand,”carries on macro regulation and control to improve the financing constraints that small and medium-sized enterprises are facing.But because of the huge base number of small and medium-sized enterprises in our country,there are many kinds,and the problem of financing constraints is still puzzling the development of enterprises at present.With the continuous promotion of inclusive finance in our country,the problems plaguing SMEs in the last mile of financing are gradually improved.In this context,small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port are taken as the research object to study the role of digital inclusive finance on the financing constraints of SMEs.The research shows that,first of all,small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port generally have financing problems.The development of digital inclusive finance solves the“last kilometer”problem of traditional finance,enhances financial access ability,broadens the financial service group,provides convenience and diversified services for SMEs'financing,and provides inexhaustible impetus for the long-term healthy development of SMEs.Secondly,digital inclusive finance alleviates the financing difficulties faced by SMEs on the island by reducing financial costs and expanding the scale of credit.
文摘The establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port provides a new opportunity for the financing of small and medium-sized enterprises.In the process of the country continuously promoting the development of a free trade port,the financing environment of small and medium-sized enterprises has gradually improved,and the financing environment has been greatly improved.But the small and medium-sized enterprises“financing difficult”“financing expensive”problem still exists.The problems of difficult and expensive financing of small and medium-sized enterprises in Haikou city have their reasons as well as the influence of external environmental factors.Therefore,to better solve the financing problems of small and medium-sized enterprises in Haikou,this paper analyzes the reasons for the difficulty and expensive financing of small and medium-sized enterprises according to the existing research results and summarizes the financing experience of small and medium-sized enterprises at home and abroad.This article finds that the financing systems for small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs)in developed countries are relatively well-established,and both the government and society offer significant support to SMEs.Therefore,this paper believes that the government should adjust the business strategy to improve the financing ecological environment and enhance the financing ability of SMEs.The government should take the lead in perfecting the guarantee system,continuously improving the credit information system of enterprises and various financial service institutions,promoting the opening and institutionalization of private credit,and developing Internet finance[1].
文摘With the establishment of Hainan Free Trade Port,the small and medium-sized enterprises in Hainan Free Trade Port have developed and grown in the continuously optimized enterprise environment.The continuous establishment of a large number of small and micro enterprises makes its social and economic development play a non-negligible role.However,due to the small size and insufficient economic strength of small and micro enterprises,their status in the financial system is often very humble.Therefore,under normal circumstances,small and micro enterprises are faced with financing difficulties and high costs,which has a great side effect on their development.The proposal and continuous development of digital inclusive finance,so that small and micro enterprises in access to a wide range of financing opportunities at the same time,their financing methods are more convenient than in the past,the cost is getting lower and lower.This paper deeply discusses the role of digital inclusive finance in easing the financing constraints of small and micro enterprises and puts forward corresponding suggestions[1].
文摘The global shipping industry,like many others,is under growing pressure to be more sustainable.Regulation,renewable energy advances and customer demand have created a golden opportunity to make shipping more environmentally sustainable,which,however,entails significant funding.Traditional ship financing has been done largely on a secured basis,with relatively few considerations around sustainability and environmental protection.This approach is ripe for innovation,given the industry’s significant environmental footprint.Evidence from other industries suggests that borrowers could benefit in pricing and structure from sustainable borrowing mechanisms,such as green bonds(where proceeds are dedicated to environmental and social investment).The trend is also increasing for sustainable loans,which can help to meet the growing demand for retrofit financing within existing vessels to meet CO_(2)emission targets.This paper aims to explore the attitudes of shipping industry participants,through the use of a survey,to green financing,that is,issuing unsecured and covered green,social,and sustainable bonds and other related financing instruments.These could effectively advance the environmental and social agenda in the industry,strengthening environmental,social,and governance(ESG)structures at the same time.Preliminary results suggest that there is considerable scope for improving knowledge and awareness among marine professionals to bridge the sustainability gap.
基金This work was part of the research funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.71671088,71841026,71732003,71471082,and 71573037)by the Third Phases of the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions(Su Zheng Ban Made(2018)No.87).
文摘Mega projects require large funding,which often reaches tens or even hundreds of billions of yuan.In the state-oriented financing system,the huge fund gap has generally become an important factor restricting the development of mega projects worldwide.Since the 1980s,China’s long-span bridge projects have developed rapidly as typical mega projects as their financing systems have also undergone a series of changes and shown a high adaptability to complexity.However,the existing literature based on the perspective of evolution lacks focus on the complexity of mega project financing systems and its causes.Therefore,the complexity of the financing methods employed in the financing systems for China’s long-span bridges is analyzed in this work from the dimensions of time and regions through investigation and interviews.On the basis of the results and complex adaptive systems theory,the causes of the complexity are further explored in terms of the clustering effects of financing subjects and the deep uncertainty of financing environments.Then,the evolution rules of financing systems of mega projects are established from the aspect of financing subjects,financing environments,and financing methods.The research results can enrich decision-makers’understanding of the essential attributes and formation mechanism of the financing systems of mega projects and provide powerful support for decision-making in financing.
文摘Creditors,such as banks,often use disclosed environmental information to assess a company’s environmental risk and ensure the safety of debt funds.Consequently,carbon disclosures have become an important consideration for creditors when making investments.This study explores the relationship between carbon disclosure and debt financing costs using data on listed companies from 2008 to 2019.The results show that carbon disclosure can reduce the debt financing costs of enterprises,and that this influence is more significant for private companies than for state-owned enterprises.Instrumental variables and Propensity Score Matching(PSM)were used to evaluate the robustness of negative relationships.Furthermore,carbon disclosure has a more significant impact on debt costs with less environmental supervision pressure,weak residents’environmental awareness,and weak product market competition.These findings provide guidance for companies’carbon information disclosure and support the establishment of official carbon disclosure standards.
文摘Tobacco is an illicit product sold in the world and involves fatal communicable diseases and deaths. In several countries, tobacco revenue contributes to the health of victims. This study aimed to evaluate the contribution of tobacco taxes to the financing of the health system in Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC) during the period of 3 years (from 2019 to 2021) in order to give some suggestions. A descriptive literature review on the tobacco tax was conducted from three tobacco tax collection services: the services of the General Secretariat of Health in DRC (SGSH), the Program of the National Health Account (PNHA) and the General Direction of Customs and Assizes (GDCA). The analysis revealed that no retrocession and no activity covered by the tax collected on tobacco does not contribute to the financing of the health sector, in order to reduce the burden of households already impoverished by diseases caused by tobacco.
文摘In recent years, a large number of LRT （light rail transit） networks and tramways have been built in Spain using the tender system. The rhythm of construction has been such that very few analyses have been carried out and those that have were only partially done because the main participants involved had ulterior motives which impeded their having a critical and independent opinion of the projects carried out. Within this framework, the Delphi methodology presents itself as a very useful instrument, as the intrinsic advantages that it has added to the characteristic that the experts who participate in the project can remain anonymous without detracting value from the conclusions obtained as these are grouped together according to their worth.
