To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocom...To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.展开更多
Recently,the Standardization Administration of China issued Announcement No.1 of 2026,officially approving the establishment of the Subcommittee 1 on Nonwoven Material of National Technical Committee 606 on Technical ...Recently,the Standardization Administration of China issued Announcement No.1 of 2026,officially approving the establishment of the Subcommittee 1 on Nonwoven Material of National Technical Committee 606 on Technical Textiles of Standardization Administration of China(SAC/TC606/SC1)and the Subcommittee 2 on Filtration and Separation Textiles of National Technical Committee 606 on Technical Textiles of Standardization Administration of China(SAC/TC606/SC2).The formation of these two subcommittees marks a crucial step in the standardization development of China's industrial textiles sector in specialized fields.展开更多
Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric n...Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)provide a significant potential for use under such difficult circumstances.We have successfully constructed a high-performance TENG utilizing a novel multi-scale nanofiber architecture.Nylon 66(PA66)and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HACC)composites were prepared by electrospinning,and PA66/H multiscale nanofiber membranes composed of nanofibers(≈73 nm)and submicron-fibers(≈123 nm)were formed.PA66/H multi-scale nanofiber membrane as the positive electrode and negative electrode-spun PVDF-HFP nanofiber membrane composed of respiration-driven PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG.The resulting PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG based air filter utilizes electrostatic adsorption and physical interception mechanisms,achieving PM_(0.3)filtration efficiency over 99%with a pressure drop of only 48 Pa.Besides,PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG exhibits excellent stability in high-humidity environments,with filtration efficiency reduced by less than 1%.At the same time,the TENG achieves periodic contact separation through breathing drive to achieve self-power,which can ensure the long-term stability of the filtration efficiency.In addition to the air filtration function,TENG can also monitor health in real time by capturing human breathing signals without external power supply.This integrated system combines high-efficiency air filtration,self-powered operation,and health monitoring,presenting an innovative solution for air purification,smart protective equipment,and portable health monitoring.These findings highlight the potential of this technology for diverse applications,offering a promising direction for advancing multifunctional air filtration systems.展开更多
Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligen...Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.展开更多
In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by fer...In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.展开更多
BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization r...BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.展开更多
Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dep...Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.展开更多
The mechanism of hydrate-based desalination is that water molecules would transfer to the hydrate phase during gas hydrate formation process,while the salt ions would be conversely concentrated in the unreacted saltwa...The mechanism of hydrate-based desalination is that water molecules would transfer to the hydrate phase during gas hydrate formation process,while the salt ions would be conversely concentrated in the unreacted saltwater.However,the salt concentration of hydrate decomposed water and the desalination degree of hydrate phase are still unclear.The biggest challenge is how to effectively separate the hydrate phase and the remaining unreacted salt water,and then decompose the hydrate phase to measure the salt concentration of hydrate melt water.This work developed an apparatus and pressure-driven filtration method to efficiently separate the hydrate phase and the remaining unreacted saltwater.On this basis,the single hydrate phase was obtained,then it was dissociated and the salt concentration of hydrate melt water was measured.The experimental results demonstrate that when the initial salt mass concentration is 0.3% to 8.0%,the salt removal efficiency for NaCl solution is 15.9% to 29.8%by forming CO_(2) hydrate,while for CaCl_(2) solution is 28.9%to 45.5%.The solute CaCl_(2) is easier to be removed than solute NaCl.In addition,the salt removal efficiency for forming CO_(2) hydrate is higher than that for forming methane hydrate.The multi-stage desalination can continuously decrease the salt concentration of hydrate dissociated water,and the salt removal efficiency per stage is around 20%.展开更多
Granular bed filter is one of the most promising technologies for the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolysis gas.In this work,three-dimensional numerical models were employed to investigate the influence of...Granular bed filter is one of the most promising technologies for the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolysis gas.In this work,three-dimensional numerical models were employed to investigate the influence of operation parameters on collection efficiency,especially paying attention to particle deposition characteristics in the bed and outlet particle size distribution.The results show that the operation parameters have different effects on the collection efficiency of particles with the different properties.Under the same conditions,the collection efficiency of granular bed for circulating ash increases more rapidly compared to that of char particles.According to the effective Stokes number(N_(steff)),the collection efficiency of granular bed can be obviously divided into three regions:difficult separation region(N_(steff)≤0.25),transition region(0.25<N_(steff)<0.83)and easy separation region(N_(steff)≥0.83).Dust deposition within the bed exhibits axial attenuation along the gas flow direction,allowing classification of deposited particles into two characteristic types:dispersed particles and congregated particles.In addition,granular bed filtration induces a morphological transition of particle size distribution,transforming the original monomodal profile into a well-defined bimodal structure.A correlation formula of the collection efficiency was developed,providing critical insights for the engineering design of granular bed filters.展开更多
Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb rema...Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.展开更多
The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extend...The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extended service time and fully biodegradable materials.To extend the effective service time,we need to supplement the lost electric charge of the electret layer of face masks,for which task we propose to use the piezoelectric effect and generate electricity from breathing motions.However,existing piezoelectric materials are either toxic,impermeable,rigid,costly,or non-degradable.We synthesize a fully biodegradable piezoelectric membrane composed of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and glycine(GLY)via the electrospinning process.Parameters are accurately controlled to ensure that glycine crystallizes into a highly piezoelectricβphase during electrospinning and enables piezoelectric responses of the filter membrane.Tested with the standard 0.3μm particles,face masks made of the PVA-GLY membrane show an outstanding filtration efficiency of 97%,which remains stable over at least 10 h of high-concentration continuous filtration.Furthermore,we demonstrated the biodegradability of PVA-GLY masks,which can degrade completely within a few weeks,compared to commonly used surgical masks requiring over thirty years to be decomposed.展开更多
Objective Size distribution is an important biophysical property of extracellular vesicles(EVs).EVs include small EVs(s-EVs)and large EVs(l-EVs)by size.Differential ultracentrifugation(dUC)is widely used to separate E...Objective Size distribution is an important biophysical property of extracellular vesicles(EVs).EVs include small EVs(s-EVs)and large EVs(l-EVs)by size.Differential ultracentrifugation(dUC)is widely used to separate EVs from biofluids,but it can precipitate large impurity particles.Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a simple and fast method for analyzing the size distribution of EVs.However,this approach is nonideal for heterogeneous and polydisperse samples since a small quantity of large impurity particles can markedly disturb the DLS results.Here,we developed a simple method to improve the reliability of DLS measurements.Methods Plasma was obtained from 13 volunteers.The plasma was first processed by dUC to obtain crude l-EVs.The crude l-EVs were filtered with syringe filters(pore size of 1μm and membrane material of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF))to remove large impurity particles from l-EVs.The size distributions of the crude l-EVs and filtered l-EVs were measured via DLS.Results After the samples were filtered,the coefficients of variation of the hydrodynamic radius and Peak 1 intensity of the filtered l-EVs decreased from 20.39%(12.76–28.96%)and 20.44%(14.58–28.32%)to 3.05%(1.79–4.72%)and 3.43%(1.76–5.88%),respectively,compared with those of the crude l-EVs.Conclusion These findings suggest that filtration can effectively separate circulating l-EVs in plasma to remove large impurity particles and make samples suitable for characterization by DLS.Our findings provide a simple method to improve precision via DLS to measure the size distribution of EVs.展开更多
Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors suppress glucose reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule through the SGLT2 protein,leading to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis.Randomized placebo-controlled clinical t...Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors suppress glucose reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule through the SGLT2 protein,leading to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis.Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials show that SGLT2 inhibitors increase long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate(GFR),calculated with serum creatinine-based equations.However,this effect of SGLT2 inhibitors may not reflect an improvement of kidney function.Investigations conducted in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic kidney disease and population-based studies reveal a positive association between urinary osmolality and GFR,either measured or estimated,indicating that glucosuria and osmotic diuresis are associated with glomerular hyperfiltration.Further,glomerular hyperfiltration is magnified by animal meat consumption.Therefore,the elevation of estimated GFR observed in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors may represent an adaptive response to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis driven by these drugs rather than an improvement of kidney function.Additionally,SGLT2 inhibitors have been consistently associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass.Reduction of muscle mass lowers serum creatinine.Serum creatinine-based equations to evaluate GFR overestimate kidney function in patients with reduced muscle mass.In patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors,estimation of GFR using serum creatinine formulas may yield misleading high values of GFR that do not reflect a beneficial effect on kidney function.展开更多
Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was us...Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was used as an alternative to the wet route in biodiesel production.Filter membranes were developed based on cellulose nanofibers as the matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers or soy hulls,as reinforcement to the matrix,before and after two chemical treatments(carboxymethylation and regeneration with sulfuric acid).The filters were characterized by permeability capacity,morphology,wettability,porosity,SEM and mechanical properties.The filtered biodiesel was also completely characterized.One of the major impacts of dry purification of biodiesel was the glycerin content after filtration.The filters CNFBR 20-28,CNFSR 5-28,CNFSR 5-35,and CNFBC 5-28 produced purified biodiesel with glycerin content below 0.02%(200 mg/L).Another relevant fact is related to the best results for acidity index,combined alkalinity,and glycerin content,obtained by the regenerated filter CNFBR 20-28,which presented a considerable permeate flow rate value above 4145 L h^(-1) m^(-2),which can be related to compacted lamellar layers observed by SEM.The produced filters were applied to biodiesel purification using a low-pressure filtration system and a simple vacuum pump,which resulted in an appreciable reduction in cost.The produced filter with sugarcane bagasse fiber carboxymethylated at 28 mesh of granulometry was efficient for biodiesel purification,including the efficient removal of free glycerin,in agreement with the standards defined by the national controlling agencies.展开更多
A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high lev...A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high levels of particulates,organic matter,and micropollutants.To address these challenges,this study used riverbank filtration(BF)as a pretreatment for GDM.The experimental results showed that BF could effectively reduce turbidity and particulate organic matter,and preferentially remove biopolymers and protein-like fluorescent components from natural organic matter.The removal efficiencies of micropollutants(diclofenac,carbamazepine,acetamidophenol,and bisphenol A)increased by 15.2%-65.3% in the presence of BF.Moreover,BF-GDM improved the removal of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)by 42%,thereby enhancing the biological stability of the permeate.Despite a modest increase of approximately 20%in the removal of dissolved organic matter,the BF significantly improved the stable flux from 2.8 to 7.3 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective removal of key foulants,including particulate substances,biopolymers,and protein-like fluorescent substances,which leads to a thinner bio-cake layer with a higher density of microorganisms.Additionally,because of the high microbial diversity of the soil,BF pretreatment enriched the microbial diversity of the biocake layer,thereby enriching functional microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants in BF-GDM,such as Nitrospirota and Ascomycota.Overall,BF is a highly effective pretreatment for GDM,which potentially broadens its application to polluted source water.展开更多
As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order t...As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.展开更多
Iron deficiency(ID)is a prevalent complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),often managed reactively when associated with anaemia.This scoping review evaluates the evidence supporting intravenous(IV)iron therapy in ...Iron deficiency(ID)is a prevalent complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),often managed reactively when associated with anaemia.This scoping review evaluates the evidence supporting intravenous(IV)iron therapy in non-anaemic individuals with CKD and ID,focusing on safety,efficacy,and emerging therapeutic implications.Current diagnostic markers,including serum ferritin,transferrin saturation,and reticulocyte haemoglobin content,are reviewed alongside their limitations in the context of inflammation and variability.The pathophysiology of ID in CKD is explored,highlighting the roles of hepcidin,hypoxia-inducible factor pathways,and uraemic toxins.Comparative studies reveal that IV iron offers a more rapid correction of iron stores,improved com-pliance,and fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral iron.Evidence from trials such as“iron and heart”and“iron and muscle”suggests potential benefits of IV iron on functional capacity and fatigue,though findings were sta-tistically non-significant.Insights from heart failure trials support the safety and efficacy of IV iron in improving quality of life and reducing hospitalizations,with newer formulations like ferric derisomaltose demonstrating favourable safety profiles.This review underscores the need for standardized screening protocols for ID in CKD,even in the absence of anaemia,to facilitate earlier intervention.Future research should prioritise robust outcome measures,larger sample sizes,and person-specific treatment strategies to optimise dosing and administration frequency.Tailored approaches to IV iron therapy have the potential to significantly improve functional outcomes,quality of life,and long-term health in people with CKD.展开更多
BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)...BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)is an increasing major health problem worldwide.In 2017,it was ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040.Therefore,early detection,increasing patients'awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem.However,despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality,little is known about the magnitude and associated factor of CKD in the Ethiopian context.Hence this study aimed to determine the magnitude of CKD and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital(WKUSTH),South West Ethiopia.AIM To determine the magnitude,and associated factors of CKD in WKUSTH,Ethiopia.METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted from November 15,2021 to February 28,2022 at WKUSTH.Three hundred forty five(345)participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique.Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 fully automated chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated using CKD epidemiology collaboration formula.Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire.Data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 version and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis.In the multivariate analysis a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS The magnitude of CKD by impaired eGFR were 54(15.7%)(95%CI:0.116-0.194).In multivariable analysis,older age[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=5.91,95%CI:2.41-14.47)],hypertension(AOR=10.41,95%CI:4.55-23.81),diabetes mellitus(AOR=5.90,95%CI:2.14-16.23),high body mass index(AOR=3.0,95%CI:1.30-7.27),and anemia(AOR=2.94,95%CI:1.26-6.88)were independently associated with CKD.CONCLUSION The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to WKUSTH was high.Hence,researchers need to do a population-based study and longitudinal study on the magnitude of CKD,associated factors.Estimation of GFR for all hospitalized patients might help to early detection of CKD and prevent complications.展开更多
The increasing severity of air pollution necessitates more effective and sustained air filtration technology.Concurrently,the desire for more environmentally friendly,sustainable materials with better filtering perfor...The increasing severity of air pollution necessitates more effective and sustained air filtration technology.Concurrently,the desire for more environmentally friendly,sustainable materials with better filtering performance and less environmental impact drives the move away from conventional synthetic membranes.This review presents lignocellulosic biocomposite(LigBioComp)membranes as an alternative to traditional synthetic membranes.It focuses on their materials,fabrication,and functionalization techniques while exploring challenges and proposing methods for resourceful utilization.Renowned for their abundance and renewable nature,lignocellulosic materials consist of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.Various applications can benefit from their antibacterial properties,large surface area,and remarkable mechanical strength.LigBioComp membranes are fabricated through casting,electrospinning,and freeze-drying,with advancements in fabrication techniques enhancing their performance and applicability.It is suggested to use solvent-free or low-solvent techniques such as Layer-by-Layer assembly to minimize environmental impact.Freeze-drying and electrospinning with green solvents can be used for achieving specific membrane properties,though energy consumption should be considered.Apply dry-wet spinning and solvent casting processes selectively.Functional groups,including carboxyl,hydroxyl,or amino groups,can significantly improve the membrane’s capacity to capture particulate matter.Chemical etching or the precise deposition of nanoparticles can further optimize pore size and distribution.The choice of chemicals and methods is critical in functionalization,with silane coupling agents,polyethyleneimine,and polydopamine.Future research should prioritize refining fabrication methods,advancing functionalization strategies,and conducting performance and recyclability assessments on hybrid and composite materials.This will enhance integrated systems and contribute to the development of smart filters.展开更多
基金The National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFC0862903)Supported by Jiangsu Future Membrane Technology Innovation Center(BM2021804)National Foreign Expert Program(H20240294).
文摘To develop an efficient filter for removing white blood cells from whole blood,hydrophilic large-pore blended membranes of poly(vinylidene fluoride)(PVDF),polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyethylene glycol,with good biocompatibility,were prepared using the process of vapor-induced phase separation at various PVDF concentrations.The results demonstrated that at a PVDF mass concentration of 14%,the membrane had increased surface roughness,significantly enhanced hydrophilicity and wettability,and a wetting time of 8 s.The surface roughness of the membrane was also reduced to 31.637 nm.Furthermore,hemolysis rate and protein adsorption tests indicated that the blended membranes possessed excellent biocompatibility.They were reduced to 2.48%and 34.44μg·cm^(−2),respectively.The pore size of the fabricated membrane was relatively large,which reached approximately 8μm respectively,satisfying the filtration requirements.Lastly,the effects of different temperatures and multi-layered filters on leukocyte removal and the retention of red blood cells and platelets from whole blood were evaluated.The results revealed that the leukocyte removal rate was highest at 4℃ and with three membrane layers,the leukocyte removal rate was highest,reaching 98.36%,while the RBC and platelet content remained nearly unchanged compared with the original blood.This study provides a new approach for blood cell separation that is expected to play a significant role in medical fields such as blood transfusion demonstrating great potential for application and innovation.
文摘Recently,the Standardization Administration of China issued Announcement No.1 of 2026,officially approving the establishment of the Subcommittee 1 on Nonwoven Material of National Technical Committee 606 on Technical Textiles of Standardization Administration of China(SAC/TC606/SC1)and the Subcommittee 2 on Filtration and Separation Textiles of National Technical Committee 606 on Technical Textiles of Standardization Administration of China(SAC/TC606/SC2).The formation of these two subcommittees marks a crucial step in the standardization development of China's industrial textiles sector in specialized fields.
基金financial support from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3804905)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22375047,22378068,and 22378071)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01568)111 Project(No.D17005).
文摘Advanced healthcare monitors for air pollution applications pose a significant challenge in achieving a balance between high-performance filtration and multifunctional smart integration.Electrospinning triboelectric nanogenerators(TENG)provide a significant potential for use under such difficult circumstances.We have successfully constructed a high-performance TENG utilizing a novel multi-scale nanofiber architecture.Nylon 66(PA66)and chitosan quaternary ammonium salt(HACC)composites were prepared by electrospinning,and PA66/H multiscale nanofiber membranes composed of nanofibers(≈73 nm)and submicron-fibers(≈123 nm)were formed.PA66/H multi-scale nanofiber membrane as the positive electrode and negative electrode-spun PVDF-HFP nanofiber membrane composed of respiration-driven PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG.The resulting PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG based air filter utilizes electrostatic adsorption and physical interception mechanisms,achieving PM_(0.3)filtration efficiency over 99%with a pressure drop of only 48 Pa.Besides,PVDF-HFP@PA66/H TENG exhibits excellent stability in high-humidity environments,with filtration efficiency reduced by less than 1%.At the same time,the TENG achieves periodic contact separation through breathing drive to achieve self-power,which can ensure the long-term stability of the filtration efficiency.In addition to the air filtration function,TENG can also monitor health in real time by capturing human breathing signals without external power supply.This integrated system combines high-efficiency air filtration,self-powered operation,and health monitoring,presenting an innovative solution for air purification,smart protective equipment,and portable health monitoring.These findings highlight the potential of this technology for diverse applications,offering a promising direction for advancing multifunctional air filtration systems.
文摘Machine learning(ML)is a type of artificial intelligence that assists computers in the acquisition of knowledge through data analysis,thus creating machines that can complete tasks otherwise requiring human intelligence.Among its various applications,it has proven groundbreaking in healthcare as well,both in clinical practice and research.In this editorial,we succinctly introduce ML applications and present a study,featured in the latest issue of the World Journal of Clinical Cases.The authors of this study conducted an analysis using both multiple linear regression(MLR)and ML methods to investigate the significant factors that may impact the estimated glomerular filtration rate in healthy women with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD).Their results implicated age as the most important determining factor in both groups,followed by lactic dehydrogenase,uric acid,forced expiratory volume in one second,and albumin.In addition,for the NAFLD-group,the 5th and 6th most important impact factors were thyroid-stimulating hormone and systolic blood pressure,as compared to plasma calcium and body fat for the NAFLD+group.However,the study's distinctive contribution lies in its adoption of ML methodologies,showcasing their superiority over traditional statistical approaches(herein MLR),thereby highlighting the potential of ML to represent an invaluable advanced adjunct tool in clinical practice and research.
基金financially supported by the New Jersey Department of Environmental ProtectionUS EPA。
文摘In this study,synthetic wastewater containing 110μg/L arsenate(As(V)),0-20 mg/L fulvic acid(FA),and 0-12.3 mg/L phosphate was treated with 3 mg/L Fe3+.The mechanisms of FA and phosphate effects on As(V)removal by ferric chloride were determined using 0.22-10μm pore-size filtration,Zetasizer analysis,and in situ flow through cell ATR-FTIR.The results showed that up to 20mg/L FA had almost no effect on the solubility of ferric hydroxide precipitates and adsorption of As(V)by the precipitates.When FA concentration increased from 0 to 20 mg/L,the adsorption of FA led to higher negative zeta potential of the precipitates and the strong electrostatic repulsion between the precipitates decreased the particle size of ferric hydroxide flocs fromlarger than 10μmto smaller than 1μm.In the presence of 5-20 mg/L FA,46%-63%As(V)was adsorbed onto the flocs with particle size in the range of 0.45-1μm.On the other hand,phosphate did not affect the size of ferric hydroxide flocs and significantly increased the dissolved As(V)concentration because it competed with As(V)for adsorption sites on ferric hydroxide precipitates.The addition of 5mg/L cationic organic flocculant significantly reduced the effect of FA on As(V)removal,but did not reduce the effect of phosphate on As(V)removal.The findings of this study will help develop effective arsenic treatment techniques and predict the mobility of arsenic in the environment.
文摘BACKGROUND With an increase in the elderly population,the frequency of hospitalizations in recent years has also risen at a rapid pace.This,in turn,has resulted in poor outcomes and costly treatments.Hospitalization rates increase in elderly patients due to a decline in glomerular filtration rate(GFR).AIM To investigate the connection between GFR and comorbidity and reasons for hospitalization in elderly patients.METHODS We analyzed patients aged 75 years and over who were admitted to the internal medicine clinic of a tertiary hospital in Eskisehir.At admission,we calculated GFR values using the Modification of Diet in Renal Disease study formula and classified them into six categories:G1,G2,G3a,G3b,G4,and G5.We analyzed associations with hospitalization diagnoses and comorbidity factors.RESULTS The average age of the patients was 80.8 years(±4.5 years).GFR was 57.287±29.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in women and 61.3±31.5 mL/kg/1.73 m2 in men(P=0.106).Most patients were admitted to the hospital at G2 stage(32.8%).The main reasons for hospitalization were anemia(34.4%and 28.6%)and malnutrition(20.9%and 20.8%)in women and men,respectively(P=0.078).The most frequent comor-bidity leading to hospitalization was arterial hypertension(n=168,28%),fo-llowed by diabetes(n=166,27.7%)(P=0.001).CONCLUSION When evaluating geriatric patients,low GFR alone does not provide sufficient information.Patients’comorbid factors should also be taken into account.There is no association between low GFR during hospitalization and hospitalization-Hamarat H.Aging and GFR related diagnoses.Knowing the GFR value before hospitalization will be more informative in such studies.
基金supported by the Yunnan Province Nonferrous Metal Vacuum Metallurgy Top Team[No.202305AS350012]。
文摘Magnesium(Mg),as one of the most abundant elements in earth's crust,is the lightest structural metal with extensive applications across various industries.However,the performance of Mg-based products is highly dependent on their impurity levels,and the lack of high-purity Mg,along with efficient purification method,has posed significant challenge to its widespread industrial adoption.This study investigates the impurity behavior in Mg ingots during the vacuum gasification purification process.Through the analysis of binary phase diagrams,iron(Fe)-based foam material was selected for the filtration and purification of Mg vapor in a vacuum tube furnace.A novel approach combining vacuum gasification,vapor purification,and directional condensation is proposed.The effect of filter pore sizes and filtration temperatures on the efficacy of impurity removal was evaluated.Experimental results demonstrate that Fe-based foam with a pore size of 60 ppi,at a filtration temperature of 773 K,effectively removes impurities such as calcium(Ca),potassium(K),sodium(Na),manganese(Mn),silicon(Si),aluminum(Al),and various oxides,sulfides,and chlorides from the vapor phase.Consequently,high-purity Mg with a purity level exceeding 5N3 was obtained in the condensation zone.
基金The financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22127812,22278433,22178379)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFC2800902)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘The mechanism of hydrate-based desalination is that water molecules would transfer to the hydrate phase during gas hydrate formation process,while the salt ions would be conversely concentrated in the unreacted saltwater.However,the salt concentration of hydrate decomposed water and the desalination degree of hydrate phase are still unclear.The biggest challenge is how to effectively separate the hydrate phase and the remaining unreacted salt water,and then decompose the hydrate phase to measure the salt concentration of hydrate melt water.This work developed an apparatus and pressure-driven filtration method to efficiently separate the hydrate phase and the remaining unreacted saltwater.On this basis,the single hydrate phase was obtained,then it was dissociated and the salt concentration of hydrate melt water was measured.The experimental results demonstrate that when the initial salt mass concentration is 0.3% to 8.0%,the salt removal efficiency for NaCl solution is 15.9% to 29.8%by forming CO_(2) hydrate,while for CaCl_(2) solution is 28.9%to 45.5%.The solute CaCl_(2) is easier to be removed than solute NaCl.In addition,the salt removal efficiency for forming CO_(2) hydrate is higher than that for forming methane hydrate.The multi-stage desalination can continuously decrease the salt concentration of hydrate dissociated water,and the salt removal efficiency per stage is around 20%.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDA29020400)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0605003)financial support from the Science and Technology Program of Yan'an(2023SLGYGG-001)。
文摘Granular bed filter is one of the most promising technologies for the dust removal from high temperature coal pyrolysis gas.In this work,three-dimensional numerical models were employed to investigate the influence of operation parameters on collection efficiency,especially paying attention to particle deposition characteristics in the bed and outlet particle size distribution.The results show that the operation parameters have different effects on the collection efficiency of particles with the different properties.Under the same conditions,the collection efficiency of granular bed for circulating ash increases more rapidly compared to that of char particles.According to the effective Stokes number(N_(steff)),the collection efficiency of granular bed can be obviously divided into three regions:difficult separation region(N_(steff)≤0.25),transition region(0.25<N_(steff)<0.83)and easy separation region(N_(steff)≥0.83).Dust deposition within the bed exhibits axial attenuation along the gas flow direction,allowing classification of deposited particles into two characteristic types:dispersed particles and congregated particles.In addition,granular bed filtration induces a morphological transition of particle size distribution,transforming the original monomodal profile into a well-defined bimodal structure.A correlation formula of the collection efficiency was developed,providing critical insights for the engineering design of granular bed filters.
基金Supported by Hospital Level Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.GSP5-40)Internal Project of the Eye Hospital of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(No.1011632).
文摘Glaucoma filtration surgery(GFS)stands as the most effective intervention for reducing intraocular pressure,a critical component in glaucoma management.Despite its pivotal role,the scarring of the filtration bleb remains the primary impediment to successful GFS outcomes.Perioperative utilization of antimitotics,while frontline in combating fibrosis and modulating the wound healing process,carries the risk of vision-threatening complications.Given the complexity of the wound healing cascade and the potential insufficiency of targeting a single molecule,there is an imperative to expand therapeutic modalities through combination therapies.This review offers a comprehensive elucidation of the fibrogenesis post-GFS,a synthesis unprecedented in the available literature,and aims to inform the broadening of therapeutic strategies for GFS.
基金supported by General Research Grants (GRF Project No. 11212021 and No. 11210822) from the Research Grants Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Regionthe Innovation and Technology Fund (Project No. ITS/065/20GHP/096/19SZ) from Innovation and Technology Commission of Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
文摘The mass discarding face masks has caused severe environmental problems during and after the COVID-19 pandemic.To reduce waste and minimize environmental impact,we present a new face mask featuring selfcharging extended service time and fully biodegradable materials.To extend the effective service time,we need to supplement the lost electric charge of the electret layer of face masks,for which task we propose to use the piezoelectric effect and generate electricity from breathing motions.However,existing piezoelectric materials are either toxic,impermeable,rigid,costly,or non-degradable.We synthesize a fully biodegradable piezoelectric membrane composed of polyvinyl alcohol(PVA)and glycine(GLY)via the electrospinning process.Parameters are accurately controlled to ensure that glycine crystallizes into a highly piezoelectricβphase during electrospinning and enables piezoelectric responses of the filter membrane.Tested with the standard 0.3μm particles,face masks made of the PVA-GLY membrane show an outstanding filtration efficiency of 97%,which remains stable over at least 10 h of high-concentration continuous filtration.Furthermore,we demonstrated the biodegradability of PVA-GLY masks,which can degrade completely within a few weeks,compared to commonly used surgical masks requiring over thirty years to be decomposed.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.82495171,92268202,82270485)National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA0805100)+5 种基金Non-profit Central Research Institute Fund of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences(No.2023-PT320-03)Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation,China(No.2024A1515030041)The Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province,(No.2023B1212060018)Sun Yat-sen University Basic Research Funds(No.24qnpy354)Clinical Research 5010 Program(No.2014002)Program of National Key Clinical Specialties.
文摘Objective Size distribution is an important biophysical property of extracellular vesicles(EVs).EVs include small EVs(s-EVs)and large EVs(l-EVs)by size.Differential ultracentrifugation(dUC)is widely used to separate EVs from biofluids,but it can precipitate large impurity particles.Dynamic light scattering(DLS)is a simple and fast method for analyzing the size distribution of EVs.However,this approach is nonideal for heterogeneous and polydisperse samples since a small quantity of large impurity particles can markedly disturb the DLS results.Here,we developed a simple method to improve the reliability of DLS measurements.Methods Plasma was obtained from 13 volunteers.The plasma was first processed by dUC to obtain crude l-EVs.The crude l-EVs were filtered with syringe filters(pore size of 1μm and membrane material of hydrophilic polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF))to remove large impurity particles from l-EVs.The size distributions of the crude l-EVs and filtered l-EVs were measured via DLS.Results After the samples were filtered,the coefficients of variation of the hydrodynamic radius and Peak 1 intensity of the filtered l-EVs decreased from 20.39%(12.76–28.96%)and 20.44%(14.58–28.32%)to 3.05%(1.79–4.72%)and 3.43%(1.76–5.88%),respectively,compared with those of the crude l-EVs.Conclusion These findings suggest that filtration can effectively separate circulating l-EVs in plasma to remove large impurity particles and make samples suitable for characterization by DLS.Our findings provide a simple method to improve precision via DLS to measure the size distribution of EVs.
文摘Sodium-glucose cotransporter-2(SGLT2)inhibitors suppress glucose reabsorption in the kidney proximal tubule through the SGLT2 protein,leading to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis.Randomized placebo-controlled clinical trials show that SGLT2 inhibitors increase long-term estimated glomerular filtration rate(GFR),calculated with serum creatinine-based equations.However,this effect of SGLT2 inhibitors may not reflect an improvement of kidney function.Investigations conducted in healthy volunteers and patients with chronic kidney disease and population-based studies reveal a positive association between urinary osmolality and GFR,either measured or estimated,indicating that glucosuria and osmotic diuresis are associated with glomerular hyperfiltration.Further,glomerular hyperfiltration is magnified by animal meat consumption.Therefore,the elevation of estimated GFR observed in patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors may represent an adaptive response to glucosuria and osmotic diuresis driven by these drugs rather than an improvement of kidney function.Additionally,SGLT2 inhibitors have been consistently associated with loss of skeletal muscle mass.Reduction of muscle mass lowers serum creatinine.Serum creatinine-based equations to evaluate GFR overestimate kidney function in patients with reduced muscle mass.In patients receiving SGLT2 inhibitors,estimation of GFR using serum creatinine formulas may yield misleading high values of GFR that do not reflect a beneficial effect on kidney function.
基金supported by the Minas Gerais State’s Foundation for Research Support(FAPEMIG,Brazil,Process CEX-APQ-01651-17,RED-00224-23,and PPM-00645-17).
文摘Alternative methods for biodiesel purification that focus on ease of operation,cost reduction,and elimination of contaminated residues or that are easier to treat have received more attention.The dry wash route was used as an alternative to the wet route in biodiesel production.Filter membranes were developed based on cellulose nanofibers as the matrix and sugarcane bagasse fibers or soy hulls,as reinforcement to the matrix,before and after two chemical treatments(carboxymethylation and regeneration with sulfuric acid).The filters were characterized by permeability capacity,morphology,wettability,porosity,SEM and mechanical properties.The filtered biodiesel was also completely characterized.One of the major impacts of dry purification of biodiesel was the glycerin content after filtration.The filters CNFBR 20-28,CNFSR 5-28,CNFSR 5-35,and CNFBC 5-28 produced purified biodiesel with glycerin content below 0.02%(200 mg/L).Another relevant fact is related to the best results for acidity index,combined alkalinity,and glycerin content,obtained by the regenerated filter CNFBR 20-28,which presented a considerable permeate flow rate value above 4145 L h^(-1) m^(-2),which can be related to compacted lamellar layers observed by SEM.The produced filters were applied to biodiesel purification using a low-pressure filtration system and a simple vacuum pump,which resulted in an appreciable reduction in cost.The produced filter with sugarcane bagasse fiber carboxymethylated at 28 mesh of granulometry was efficient for biodiesel purification,including the efficient removal of free glycerin,in agreement with the standards defined by the national controlling agencies.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52270077 and 52070147)。
文摘A gravity-driven membrane(GDM)system is a cleaning-free ultrafiltration(UF)process for decentralized water purification.However,GDM has a poor permeate quality and low stable flux when the feed water contains high levels of particulates,organic matter,and micropollutants.To address these challenges,this study used riverbank filtration(BF)as a pretreatment for GDM.The experimental results showed that BF could effectively reduce turbidity and particulate organic matter,and preferentially remove biopolymers and protein-like fluorescent components from natural organic matter.The removal efficiencies of micropollutants(diclofenac,carbamazepine,acetamidophenol,and bisphenol A)increased by 15.2%-65.3% in the presence of BF.Moreover,BF-GDM improved the removal of assimilable organic carbon(AOC)by 42%,thereby enhancing the biological stability of the permeate.Despite a modest increase of approximately 20%in the removal of dissolved organic matter,the BF significantly improved the stable flux from 2.8 to 7.3 L·m^(-2)·h^(-1).This remarkable improvement is attributed to the effective removal of key foulants,including particulate substances,biopolymers,and protein-like fluorescent substances,which leads to a thinner bio-cake layer with a higher density of microorganisms.Additionally,because of the high microbial diversity of the soil,BF pretreatment enriched the microbial diversity of the biocake layer,thereby enriching functional microorganisms capable of degrading pollutants in BF-GDM,such as Nitrospirota and Ascomycota.Overall,BF is a highly effective pretreatment for GDM,which potentially broadens its application to polluted source water.
基金supported by State Key Laboratory of Deep Oil and Gas(No.SKLDOG2024-ZYRC-03)supported by the Excellent Young Scientists Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52322401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52288101).
文摘As the global exploration and development of oil and gas resources advances into deep formations,the harsh conditions of high temperature and high salinity present significant challenges for drilling fluids.In order to address the technical difficulties associated with the failure of filtrate loss reducers under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions.In this study,a hydrophobic zwitterionic filtrate loss reducer(PDA)was synthesized based on N,N-dimethylacrylamide(DMAA),2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid(AMPS),diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride(DMDAAC),styrene(ST)and a specialty vinyl monomer(A1).When the concentration of PDA was 3%,the FLAPI of PDA-WBDF was 9.8 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 37.8 mL after aging at 240℃for 16 h.In the saturated NaCl environment,the FLAPI of PDA-SWBDF was 4.0 mL and the FLHTHP(180℃,3.5 MPa)was 32.0 mL after aging at 220℃ for 16 h.Under high-temperature and high-salinity conditions,the combined effect of anti-polyelectrolyte and hydrophobic association allowed PDA to adsorb on the bentonite surface tightly.The sulfonic acid groups of PDA increased the negative electronegativity and the hydration film thickness on bentonite surface,which enhanced the colloidal stability,maintained the flattened lamellar structure of bentonite and formed an appropriate particle size distribution,resulting in the formation of dense mud cakes and reducing the filtration loss effectively.
文摘Iron deficiency(ID)is a prevalent complication of chronic kidney disease(CKD),often managed reactively when associated with anaemia.This scoping review evaluates the evidence supporting intravenous(IV)iron therapy in non-anaemic individuals with CKD and ID,focusing on safety,efficacy,and emerging therapeutic implications.Current diagnostic markers,including serum ferritin,transferrin saturation,and reticulocyte haemoglobin content,are reviewed alongside their limitations in the context of inflammation and variability.The pathophysiology of ID in CKD is explored,highlighting the roles of hepcidin,hypoxia-inducible factor pathways,and uraemic toxins.Comparative studies reveal that IV iron offers a more rapid correction of iron stores,improved com-pliance,and fewer gastrointestinal side effects compared to oral iron.Evidence from trials such as“iron and heart”and“iron and muscle”suggests potential benefits of IV iron on functional capacity and fatigue,though findings were sta-tistically non-significant.Insights from heart failure trials support the safety and efficacy of IV iron in improving quality of life and reducing hospitalizations,with newer formulations like ferric derisomaltose demonstrating favourable safety profiles.This review underscores the need for standardized screening protocols for ID in CKD,even in the absence of anaemia,to facilitate earlier intervention.Future research should prioritise robust outcome measures,larger sample sizes,and person-specific treatment strategies to optimise dosing and administration frequency.Tailored approaches to IV iron therapy have the potential to significantly improve functional outcomes,quality of life,and long-term health in people with CKD.
文摘BACKGROUND Kidney is the vital organ that plays a great role in maintaining an optimal internal environment.The normal kidney function can be altered by physical injury or disease.Currently,chronic kidney disease(CKD)is an increasing major health problem worldwide.In 2017,it was ranked as the 12th leading cause of death and is expected to rise to the 5th ranked cause of death by 2040.Therefore,early detection,increasing patients'awareness and treatment of CKD are required to hold the problem.However,despite its higher prevalence of hospitalized morbidity and mortality,little is known about the magnitude and associated factor of CKD in the Ethiopian context.Hence this study aimed to determine the magnitude of CKD and associated factors at Wolkite University Specialized Hospital(WKUSTH),South West Ethiopia.AIM To determine the magnitude,and associated factors of CKD in WKUSTH,Ethiopia.METHODS Institutional based cross-sectional study with secondary data was conducted from November 15,2021 to February 28,2022 at WKUSTH.Three hundred forty five(345)participants were selected by a convenient sampling technique.Creatinine and urea were measured using cobas311 fully automated chemistry analyzer and estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)was calculated using CKD epidemiology collaboration formula.Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected by using a pretested questionnaire.Data were coded and entered into EpiData 3.1 version and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis.Bivariate analysis was used to screen candidate variables for multivariate analysis.In the multivariate analysis a P value<0.05 were considered statistically significant.RESULTS The magnitude of CKD by impaired eGFR were 54(15.7%)(95%CI:0.116-0.194).In multivariable analysis,older age[adjusted odds ratio(AOR)=5.91,95%CI:2.41-14.47)],hypertension(AOR=10.41,95%CI:4.55-23.81),diabetes mellitus(AOR=5.90,95%CI:2.14-16.23),high body mass index(AOR=3.0,95%CI:1.30-7.27),and anemia(AOR=2.94,95%CI:1.26-6.88)were independently associated with CKD.CONCLUSION The magnitude of CKD among adult patients admitted to WKUSTH was high.Hence,researchers need to do a population-based study and longitudinal study on the magnitude of CKD,associated factors.Estimation of GFR for all hospitalized patients might help to early detection of CKD and prevent complications.
基金funded by the Universiti Teknologi Malaysia(UTM)through research Grant Number:06E05.
文摘The increasing severity of air pollution necessitates more effective and sustained air filtration technology.Concurrently,the desire for more environmentally friendly,sustainable materials with better filtering performance and less environmental impact drives the move away from conventional synthetic membranes.This review presents lignocellulosic biocomposite(LigBioComp)membranes as an alternative to traditional synthetic membranes.It focuses on their materials,fabrication,and functionalization techniques while exploring challenges and proposing methods for resourceful utilization.Renowned for their abundance and renewable nature,lignocellulosic materials consist of cellulose,hemicellulose,and lignin.Various applications can benefit from their antibacterial properties,large surface area,and remarkable mechanical strength.LigBioComp membranes are fabricated through casting,electrospinning,and freeze-drying,with advancements in fabrication techniques enhancing their performance and applicability.It is suggested to use solvent-free or low-solvent techniques such as Layer-by-Layer assembly to minimize environmental impact.Freeze-drying and electrospinning with green solvents can be used for achieving specific membrane properties,though energy consumption should be considered.Apply dry-wet spinning and solvent casting processes selectively.Functional groups,including carboxyl,hydroxyl,or amino groups,can significantly improve the membrane’s capacity to capture particulate matter.Chemical etching or the precise deposition of nanoparticles can further optimize pore size and distribution.The choice of chemicals and methods is critical in functionalization,with silane coupling agents,polyethyleneimine,and polydopamine.Future research should prioritize refining fabrication methods,advancing functionalization strategies,and conducting performance and recyclability assessments on hybrid and composite materials.This will enhance integrated systems and contribute to the development of smart filters.
