An optimal design approach of high order FIR digital filter is developed based on the algorithm of neural networks with cosine basis function . The main idea is to minimize the sum of the square errors between the amp...An optimal design approach of high order FIR digital filter is developed based on the algorithm of neural networks with cosine basis function . The main idea is to minimize the sum of the square errors between the amplitude response of the desired FIR filter and that of the designed by training the weights of neural networks, then obtains the impulse response of FIR digital filter . The convergence theorem of the neural networks algorithm is presented and proved, and the optimal design method is introduced by designing four kinds of FIR digital filters , i.e., low-pass, high-pass, bandpass , and band-stop FIR digital filter. The results of the amplitude responses show that attenuation in stop-bands is more than 60 dB with no ripple and pulse existing in pass-bands, and cutoff frequency of passband and stop-band is easily controlled precisely .The presented optimal design approach of high order FIR digital filter is significantly effective.展开更多
This paper is concerned with the estimation problem for discrete-time stochastic linear systems with possible single unit delay and multiple packet dropouts. Based on a proposed uncertain model in data transmission, a...This paper is concerned with the estimation problem for discrete-time stochastic linear systems with possible single unit delay and multiple packet dropouts. Based on a proposed uncertain model in data transmission, an optimal full-order filter for the state of the system is presented, which is shown to be of the form of employing the received outputs at the current and last time instants. The solution to the optimal filter is given in terms of a Riccati difference equation governed by two binary random variables. The optimal filter is reduced to the standard Kalman filter when there are no random delays and packet dropouts. The steady-state filter is also investigated. A sufficient condition for the existence of the steady-state filter is given. The asymptotic stability of the optimal filter is analyzed.展开更多
This paper aims at solving the state filtering problem for linear systems with state constraints. Three classes of typical state constraints, i.e., linear equality, quadratic equality and inequality, are discussed. By...This paper aims at solving the state filtering problem for linear systems with state constraints. Three classes of typical state constraints, i.e., linear equality, quadratic equality and inequality, are discussed. By using the linear relationships among different state variables, a reduced-order Kalman filter is derived for the system with linear equality constraints. Afterwards, such a solution is applied to the cases of the quadratic equality constraint and inequality constraints and the two constrained state filtering problems are transformed into two relative constrained optimization problems. Then they are solved by the Lagrangian multiplier and linear matrix inequality techniques, respectively. Finally, two simple tracking examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the reduced-order filters.展开更多
Order analysis is one of the most important technique means of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for rotary machinery.The traditional order analyses usually employ the Vold-Kalman filtering,however this method ...Order analysis is one of the most important technique means of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for rotary machinery.The traditional order analyses usually employ the Vold-Kalman filtering,however this method is confined to the expensive hardware equipments.This paper starts from Gabor transform and applies the Gabor time-frequency filtering to vibration signal.The order component＇s time-frequency coefficients are extracted by mask operation.The order component is reconstructed from the obtained coefficients.The following four key technologies,such as smoothing rotary speed curve,defining filtering band width,constructing the mask operation matrix and reconstructing signal component,are also deeply discussed.Moreover,the technique to smooth the rotary speed curve based on polynomial approximation,the method to determine filtering band width,the arithmetic to constitute mask array and the iterative algorithm to reconstruct signal based on minimum mean square error are specifically analyzed.The 4th order component is successfully gained by using the methods that Gabor time-frequency filter,and the validity and feasibility of this method are approved.This method can solve the problem of order tracking filter technologies which used to depend on hardware and efficiently improve the accuracy of order analysis.展开更多
Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed full-order optimal fusion Kalman filter (DFFKF) is given for discrete-time stochastic singular syste...Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed full-order optimal fusion Kalman filter (DFFKF) is given for discrete-time stochastic singular systems with multiple sensors, which involves the inverse of a high-dimension matrix to compute matrix weights. To reduce the computational burden, a distributed reduced-order fusion Kalman filter (DRFKF) is presented, which involves in parallel the inverses of two relatively low-dimension matrices to compute matrix weights. A simulation example shows the effectiveness.展开更多
This realization of a voltage-mode first order voltage-mode all pass filter (VM-APF) employing single current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) as active component is presented. The p...This realization of a voltage-mode first order voltage-mode all pass filter (VM-APF) employing single current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) as active component is presented. The proposed configuration employs one CDDITA along with two resistors and one grounded capacitor. The pole frequency and phase shift of proposed VM-APF are electronically tunable by transconductance of CDDITA. The proposed circuit is verified by SPICE simulations.展开更多
This paper proposes an nth order (where n = 2,3, ,n) voltage mode active-C filter using n number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and n number of equal valued grounded capacitors. The proposed topology...This paper proposes an nth order (where n = 2,3, ,n) voltage mode active-C filter using n number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and n number of equal valued grounded capacitors. The proposed topology can implement both band pass and low pass responses without alteration of any components. The filters offer the following important features: use of minimum number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and passive components, no matching constraint, use of all grounded capacitors and absence of external resistor suitable for integration, cut off frequency can easily be electronically adjusted using AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology. PSPICE simulation results of third order band pass and low pass responses are provided. The results are found to agree well with the theory.展开更多
In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out ...In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out at a fixed frequency of 10 KHz. The architecture used in the design is the multiple feedbacks for both filter networks. The simulated response characteristics show that both filters (R- and RC-filters) have their mid-band gains increasing with Q, while their bandwidths monotonically decreased with Q-values. The bandwidths are in the range of 22.23 dB to 62.97 dB and –55.49 dB to –50.81 dB (Q = 2 to 10) for R- and RC-filters respectively. At higher Q-values, R-filter showed better selectivity with a smaller bandwidth (400 Hz) at the edge of the pass band, when compared to 450 Hz for the RC-filter. The roll-off rate around –58.9 dB/decade for the R-filter appears to be that of a third-order filter response, while the RC-filter has its response in the range –106 to –132 dB/decade which is in the neighbourhood of an ideal sixth-order response (roll-off of 120 db/decade). A shift in the center frequency with Q was observed for the RC-filter only.展开更多
A current-mode low input and high output impedances first-order allpass filter using two multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor is presented. Th...A current-mode low input and high output impedances first-order allpass filter using two multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor is presented. The suggested filter uses a canonical number of passive components without requiring any component matching condition. The frequency responses simulation results of the proposed filter confirm the theoretical analysis.展开更多
This paper proposes third order tunable bandwidth active Switched-Capacitor filter. The circuit consists of only op-amps and switched capacitors. The circuit is designed for circuit merit factor Q = 10. The proposed c...This paper proposes third order tunable bandwidth active Switched-Capacitor filter. The circuit consists of only op-amps and switched capacitors. The circuit is designed for circuit merit factor Q = 10. The proposed circuit implements three filter functions low pass, band pass and high pass simultaneously in single circuit. The filter circuit can be used for both narrow as well as for wide bandwidth. For various values of cut-off frequencies the behaviour of circuit is studied. The circuit works properly only for higher central frequencies, when f0 > 10 kHz.展开更多
A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative ...A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative position,velocity and attitude of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The second-order divided difference filter which makes use of multidimensional interpolation formulations to approximate the nonlinear transformations could achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence from inaccurate initial conditions than standard extended Kalman filter.The filter formulation is based on relative motion equations.The global attitude parameterization is given by quarternion,while a generalized three-dimensional attitude representation is used to define the local attitude error.Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of the second-order divided difference filter with a standard extended Kalman filter approach.展开更多
<strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to evaluate the visual acuity, high-order aberrations and satisfaction in the cataract patients with the implantation of different types of AcrySof blue light f...<strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to evaluate the visual acuity, high-order aberrations and satisfaction in the cataract patients with the implantation of different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens, which would provide the clinical guidance for the selection of individualized intraocular lens. <strong>Methods:</strong> From January 2019 to December 2020, the patients with age-related cataract in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital were equally randomized to be divided into four groups. 20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with AcrySof (SN60WF), which was the blue light filtering single focus group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue light filtering aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +3.0D, SN6AD1), which was the multifocal intraocular lens group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with aspheric astigmatism correction intraocular lens (Toric SN6AT), which was the astigmatism group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue filtering aspheric multifocal astigmatism correction intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +2.5D IQ, SV25T0), which was the ART group. Three months after the operation, the patients were followed up with slit lamp to check the visual acuity, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity, (BCDVA);the questionnaire surveys on the satisfaction of different intraocular lens implantation (far and near vision, glare, halo and abnormal visual symptoms);the iTrace visual function analyzer was used to check the total high-order aberrations (spherical aberration, wisdom aberration and Clover aberration) in the 3 mm pupil diameter. <strong>Results:</strong> Three months after cataract surgery, American Simplified version of questionnaire survey showed that the scores of near removing glasses in the multifocal group and the ART group were significantly better than those in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (<em>P</em> < 0.05);there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of far removing glasses, glare and halo in each group (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Three months after cataract surgery, there were statistically significant differences about UCDVA, BCDVA and UCNVA among the four groups (<em>F</em> = 18.189, <em>P </em>< 0.001), the UCNVA in the multifocal group and ART group was significantly better than that in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The difference of higher-order aberrations (total higher-order aberrations, wisdom aberrations, spherical aberrations, clover aberrations) was no statistically significant among the four groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens implantation could improve the far vision and satisfaction of cataract patients, without different higher-order aberrations. Multifocal intraocular lens and ART intraocular lens could significantly improve the far vision of patients and reduce the dependence on near glasses.展开更多
The state-space representation of linear time-invariant (LTI) fractional order systems is introduced, and a proof of their stability theory is also given. Then an efficient identification algorithm is proposed for tho...The state-space representation of linear time-invariant (LTI) fractional order systems is introduced, and a proof of their stability theory is also given. Then an efficient identification algorithm is proposed for those fractional order systems. The basic idea of the algorithm is to compute fractional derivatives and the filter simultaneously, i.e., the filtered fractional derivatives can be obtained by computing them in one step, and then system identification can be fulfilled by the least square method. The instrumental variable method is also used in the identification of fractional order systems. In this way, even if there is colored noise in the systems, the unbiased estimation of the parameters can still be obtained. Finally an example of identifying a viscoelastic system is given to show the effectiveness of the aforementioned method.展开更多
In this article, we establish the route taken by the author, and his research group, to bring differential flatness to the realm of active disturbance rejection control （ADRC）. This avenue entitled： 1） generalized...In this article, we establish the route taken by the author, and his research group, to bring differential flatness to the realm of active disturbance rejection control （ADRC）. This avenue entitled： 1） generalized proportional integral observers （GPIO）, as natural state and disturbance observers for fiat systems, 2） generalized proportional integral （GPI） control, provided with extra integrations, to produce a modular controller known as flat filters （FF＇s） and, finally, 3） the establishing of an equivalence of observer based ADRC with FF＇s. The context is that of pure integration systems. The obtained controllers depend only on the order of the flat system and they are to be directly used on the basis of the available flat output signal in a universal, modular, fashion. The map is complemented with the relevant references where the intermediate techniques were illustrated and developed, over the years, in connection with laboratory experimental implementations.展开更多
基金This project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (50277010)Doctoral Special Fund of Ministry of Education (20020532016) and Fund of Outstanding Young Scientist of Hunan University.
文摘An optimal design approach of high order FIR digital filter is developed based on the algorithm of neural networks with cosine basis function . The main idea is to minimize the sum of the square errors between the amplitude response of the desired FIR filter and that of the designed by training the weights of neural networks, then obtains the impulse response of FIR digital filter . The convergence theorem of the neural networks algorithm is presented and proved, and the optimal design method is introduced by designing four kinds of FIR digital filters , i.e., low-pass, high-pass, bandpass , and band-stop FIR digital filter. The results of the amplitude responses show that attenuation in stop-bands is more than 60 dB with no ripple and pulse existing in pass-bands, and cutoff frequency of passband and stop-band is easily controlled precisely .The presented optimal design approach of high order FIR digital filter is significantly effective.
基金supported by Agency for Science,Technology and Research Grant(SERC)(No.0521010037)Natural Science Foundation of China(No.60874062,60828006)NSFC-Guangdong Joint Foundation(No.U0735003)
文摘This paper is concerned with the estimation problem for discrete-time stochastic linear systems with possible single unit delay and multiple packet dropouts. Based on a proposed uncertain model in data transmission, an optimal full-order filter for the state of the system is presented, which is shown to be of the form of employing the received outputs at the current and last time instants. The solution to the optimal filter is given in terms of a Riccati difference equation governed by two binary random variables. The optimal filter is reduced to the standard Kalman filter when there are no random delays and packet dropouts. The steady-state filter is also investigated. A sufficient condition for the existence of the steady-state filter is given. The asymptotic stability of the optimal filter is analyzed.
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Development Project (973 Program) (2012CB821205)the Natural Scientific Research Innovation Foundation in Harbin Institute of Technology(HIT.NSRIF.2009004)
文摘This paper aims at solving the state filtering problem for linear systems with state constraints. Three classes of typical state constraints, i.e., linear equality, quadratic equality and inequality, are discussed. By using the linear relationships among different state variables, a reduced-order Kalman filter is derived for the system with linear equality constraints. Afterwards, such a solution is applied to the cases of the quadratic equality constraint and inequality constraints and the two constrained state filtering problems are transformed into two relative constrained optimization problems. Then they are solved by the Lagrangian multiplier and linear matrix inequality techniques, respectively. Finally, two simple tracking examples are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the reduced-order filters.
基金supported by National Hi-tech Research and Development Program of China (863 Program,Grant No.2008AA042408)
文摘Order analysis is one of the most important technique means of condition monitoring and fault diagnosis for rotary machinery.The traditional order analyses usually employ the Vold-Kalman filtering,however this method is confined to the expensive hardware equipments.This paper starts from Gabor transform and applies the Gabor time-frequency filtering to vibration signal.The order component＇s time-frequency coefficients are extracted by mask operation.The order component is reconstructed from the obtained coefficients.The following four key technologies,such as smoothing rotary speed curve,defining filtering band width,constructing the mask operation matrix and reconstructing signal component,are also deeply discussed.Moreover,the technique to smooth the rotary speed curve based on polynomial approximation,the method to determine filtering band width,the arithmetic to constitute mask array and the iterative algorithm to reconstruct signal based on minimum mean square error are specifically analyzed.The 4th order component is successfully gained by using the methods that Gabor time-frequency filter,and the validity and feasibility of this method are approved.This method can solve the problem of order tracking filter technologies which used to depend on hardware and efficiently improve the accuracy of order analysis.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of P. R. China (60504034) Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Province (QC04A01) Outstanding Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang University (JC200404)
文摘Based on the optimal fusion algorithm weighted by matrices in the linear minimum variance (LMV) sense, a distributed full-order optimal fusion Kalman filter (DFFKF) is given for discrete-time stochastic singular systems with multiple sensors, which involves the inverse of a high-dimension matrix to compute matrix weights. To reduce the computational burden, a distributed reduced-order fusion Kalman filter (DRFKF) is presented, which involves in parallel the inverses of two relatively low-dimension matrices to compute matrix weights. A simulation example shows the effectiveness.
文摘This realization of a voltage-mode first order voltage-mode all pass filter (VM-APF) employing single current differencing differential input transconductance amplifier (CDDITA) as active component is presented. The proposed configuration employs one CDDITA along with two resistors and one grounded capacitor. The pole frequency and phase shift of proposed VM-APF are electronically tunable by transconductance of CDDITA. The proposed circuit is verified by SPICE simulations.
文摘This paper proposes an nth order (where n = 2,3, ,n) voltage mode active-C filter using n number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and n number of equal valued grounded capacitors. The proposed topology can implement both band pass and low pass responses without alteration of any components. The filters offer the following important features: use of minimum number of current controlled current conveyors (CCCIIs) and passive components, no matching constraint, use of all grounded capacitors and absence of external resistor suitable for integration, cut off frequency can easily be electronically adjusted using AMS 0.35 μm CMOS technology. PSPICE simulation results of third order band pass and low pass responses are provided. The results are found to agree well with the theory.
文摘In this paper a comparison of a sixth-order active band pass R-filter output response with the output response of a sixth-order band pass RC-filter at different quality factors (Q = 2, 5, 7, 8 and 10) was carried out at a fixed frequency of 10 KHz. The architecture used in the design is the multiple feedbacks for both filter networks. The simulated response characteristics show that both filters (R- and RC-filters) have their mid-band gains increasing with Q, while their bandwidths monotonically decreased with Q-values. The bandwidths are in the range of 22.23 dB to 62.97 dB and –55.49 dB to –50.81 dB (Q = 2 to 10) for R- and RC-filters respectively. At higher Q-values, R-filter showed better selectivity with a smaller bandwidth (400 Hz) at the edge of the pass band, when compared to 450 Hz for the RC-filter. The roll-off rate around –58.9 dB/decade for the R-filter appears to be that of a third-order filter response, while the RC-filter has its response in the range –106 to –132 dB/decade which is in the neighbourhood of an ideal sixth-order response (roll-off of 120 db/decade). A shift in the center frequency with Q was observed for the RC-filter only.
文摘A current-mode low input and high output impedances first-order allpass filter using two multiple output second-generation current conveyors (MOCCIIs), one grounded capacitor and one grounded resistor is presented. The suggested filter uses a canonical number of passive components without requiring any component matching condition. The frequency responses simulation results of the proposed filter confirm the theoretical analysis.
文摘This paper proposes third order tunable bandwidth active Switched-Capacitor filter. The circuit consists of only op-amps and switched capacitors. The circuit is designed for circuit merit factor Q = 10. The proposed circuit implements three filter functions low pass, band pass and high pass simultaneously in single circuit. The filter circuit can be used for both narrow as well as for wide bandwidth. For various values of cut-off frequencies the behaviour of circuit is studied. The circuit works properly only for higher central frequencies, when f0 > 10 kHz.
基金Sponsored by the Aerospace Technology Innovation Funding(Grant No. CASC0209)
文摘A second-order divided difference filter (SDDF) is derived for integrating line of sight measurement from vision sensor with acceleration and angular rate measurements of the follower to estimate the precise relative position,velocity and attitude of two unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs).The second-order divided difference filter which makes use of multidimensional interpolation formulations to approximate the nonlinear transformations could achieve more accurate estimation and faster convergence from inaccurate initial conditions than standard extended Kalman filter.The filter formulation is based on relative motion equations.The global attitude parameterization is given by quarternion,while a generalized three-dimensional attitude representation is used to define the local attitude error.Simulation results are shown to compare the performance of the second-order divided difference filter with a standard extended Kalman filter approach.
文摘<strong>Objective: </strong>The objective is to evaluate the visual acuity, high-order aberrations and satisfaction in the cataract patients with the implantation of different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens, which would provide the clinical guidance for the selection of individualized intraocular lens. <strong>Methods:</strong> From January 2019 to December 2020, the patients with age-related cataract in Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital were equally randomized to be divided into four groups. 20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with AcrySof (SN60WF), which was the blue light filtering single focus group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue light filtering aspheric multifocal intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +3.0D, SN6AD1), which was the multifocal intraocular lens group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with aspheric astigmatism correction intraocular lens (Toric SN6AT), which was the astigmatism group;20 patients (20 eyes) were implanted with blue filtering aspheric multifocal astigmatism correction intraocular lens (AcrySof ReSTOR IOL +2.5D IQ, SV25T0), which was the ART group. Three months after the operation, the patients were followed up with slit lamp to check the visual acuity, including uncorrected distance visual acuity (UCDVA), uncorrected near visual acuity (UCNVA), best corrected distance visual acuity, (BCDVA);the questionnaire surveys on the satisfaction of different intraocular lens implantation (far and near vision, glare, halo and abnormal visual symptoms);the iTrace visual function analyzer was used to check the total high-order aberrations (spherical aberration, wisdom aberration and Clover aberration) in the 3 mm pupil diameter. <strong>Results:</strong> Three months after cataract surgery, American Simplified version of questionnaire survey showed that the scores of near removing glasses in the multifocal group and the ART group were significantly better than those in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (<em>P</em> < 0.05);there was no significant difference in the satisfaction of far removing glasses, glare and halo in each group (<em>P</em> > 0.05). Three months after cataract surgery, there were statistically significant differences about UCDVA, BCDVA and UCNVA among the four groups (<em>F</em> = 18.189, <em>P </em>< 0.001), the UCNVA in the multifocal group and ART group was significantly better than that in the single focus group and the astigmatism group (<em>P</em> < 0.01). The difference of higher-order aberrations (total higher-order aberrations, wisdom aberrations, spherical aberrations, clover aberrations) was no statistically significant among the four groups (<em>P</em> > 0.05). <strong>Conclusion: </strong>Different types of AcrySof blue light filtering intraocular lens implantation could improve the far vision and satisfaction of cataract patients, without different higher-order aberrations. Multifocal intraocular lens and ART intraocular lens could significantly improve the far vision of patients and reduce the dependence on near glasses.
文摘The state-space representation of linear time-invariant (LTI) fractional order systems is introduced, and a proof of their stability theory is also given. Then an efficient identification algorithm is proposed for those fractional order systems. The basic idea of the algorithm is to compute fractional derivatives and the filter simultaneously, i.e., the filtered fractional derivatives can be obtained by computing them in one step, and then system identification can be fulfilled by the least square method. The instrumental variable method is also used in the identification of fractional order systems. In this way, even if there is colored noise in the systems, the unbiased estimation of the parameters can still be obtained. Finally an example of identifying a viscoelastic system is given to show the effectiveness of the aforementioned method.
文摘In this article, we establish the route taken by the author, and his research group, to bring differential flatness to the realm of active disturbance rejection control （ADRC）. This avenue entitled： 1） generalized proportional integral observers （GPIO）, as natural state and disturbance observers for fiat systems, 2） generalized proportional integral （GPI） control, provided with extra integrations, to produce a modular controller known as flat filters （FF＇s） and, finally, 3） the establishing of an equivalence of observer based ADRC with FF＇s. The context is that of pure integration systems. The obtained controllers depend only on the order of the flat system and they are to be directly used on the basis of the available flat output signal in a universal, modular, fashion. The map is complemented with the relevant references where the intermediate techniques were illustrated and developed, over the years, in connection with laboratory experimental implementations.
