To study the characteristics of tuber starchgranules,firstly,three kinds of common tuber starches were separated and characterized by gravitational field-flow fractionation(GrFFF)instrument,and the ratios of large and...To study the characteristics of tuber starchgranules,firstly,three kinds of common tuber starches were separated and characterized by gravitational field-flow fractionation(GrFFF)instrument,and the ratios of large and small starch granules A/B were calculated.Then,the liquid of peak A and peak B was collected and observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)to verify the separation result of GrFFF.Secondly,the particle size distribution and crystal characteristics were characterized by particle size analyser,X-ray diffraction(X-ray)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Three kinds of tuber starches all had the bimodal distribution in GrFFF.Peak A contained large particles,and peak B contained small particles.For yam starch,the ratio of starch granules A/B was much higher than 1;for sweet potato starch the ratio was approximately equal to 1;for tapioca starch,the ratio was much lower than 1.Moreover,the starch granules of sweet potato and tapioca were both A-type crystallinity,while yam starch granules were C-type crystallinity.GrFFF could be used to characterize and separate large and small granules of tuber starches and estimate the ratio of starch granules A/B.Yam starch was suitable for the development of slowly digestible starch(one kind of functional food),which could delay the occurrence of metabolic syndrome,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Tapioca starch was suitable for plant capsules,which were safer than gelatin capsule and could prevent the"poison capsule"incident from happening.展开更多
As lipidomics has attracted increased attention in life science,advanced mass spectrometry(MS)technologies have been combined with other separation techniques to improve and expand the branch of study.This review inte...As lipidomics has attracted increased attention in life science,advanced mass spectrometry(MS)technologies have been combined with other separation techniques to improve and expand the branch of study.This review intends to provide general knowledge of offline and online coupling of flow field-flow fractionation(FlFFF)—a technique that encompasses the separation of nano-to micro-scale biomolecules—with MS for analysis of blood plasma lipoproteins,processes that are considered bottomup and top-down approaches,respectively.The first part of this review focuses on the bottom-up method using multiplexed hollow fiber FlFFF(MxHF5)and nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry(nLC-ESI–MS/MS)for non-targeted identification of lipids.In this protocol,plasma lipoproteins of different types are collected using MxHF5,and the lipids within the lipoproteins are then extracted and analyzed via nLC-ESI–MS/MS.The second part of the review describes the top-down approach,which uses online coupling of miniaturized FlFFF to ESI–MS for a fast screening of targeted lipids.Here,the separation of lipoproteins and detection of their component lipids are achieved simultaneously.While both methods aim to quantify the lipids within lipoproteins,the bottom-up approach provides an extensive lipidome,whereas the top-down method is suitable for high-speed targeted lipidomic analysis.This review discusses variants of FlFFF-ESI–MS/MS that offer effective analytical technologies for lipidomics.展开更多
文摘To study the characteristics of tuber starchgranules,firstly,three kinds of common tuber starches were separated and characterized by gravitational field-flow fractionation(GrFFF)instrument,and the ratios of large and small starch granules A/B were calculated.Then,the liquid of peak A and peak B was collected and observed by scanning electron microscope(SEM)to verify the separation result of GrFFF.Secondly,the particle size distribution and crystal characteristics were characterized by particle size analyser,X-ray diffraction(X-ray)and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FT-IR).Three kinds of tuber starches all had the bimodal distribution in GrFFF.Peak A contained large particles,and peak B contained small particles.For yam starch,the ratio of starch granules A/B was much higher than 1;for sweet potato starch the ratio was approximately equal to 1;for tapioca starch,the ratio was much lower than 1.Moreover,the starch granules of sweet potato and tapioca were both A-type crystallinity,while yam starch granules were C-type crystallinity.GrFFF could be used to characterize and separate large and small granules of tuber starches and estimate the ratio of starch granules A/B.Yam starch was suitable for the development of slowly digestible starch(one kind of functional food),which could delay the occurrence of metabolic syndrome,diabetes and cardiovascular diseases.Tapioca starch was suitable for plant capsules,which were safer than gelatin capsule and could prevent the"poison capsule"incident from happening.
基金Grant from the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2015R1A2A1A01004677).
文摘As lipidomics has attracted increased attention in life science,advanced mass spectrometry(MS)technologies have been combined with other separation techniques to improve and expand the branch of study.This review intends to provide general knowledge of offline and online coupling of flow field-flow fractionation(FlFFF)—a technique that encompasses the separation of nano-to micro-scale biomolecules—with MS for analysis of blood plasma lipoproteins,processes that are considered bottomup and top-down approaches,respectively.The first part of this review focuses on the bottom-up method using multiplexed hollow fiber FlFFF(MxHF5)and nanoflow liquid chromatography electrospray-ionization tandem mass spectrometry(nLC-ESI–MS/MS)for non-targeted identification of lipids.In this protocol,plasma lipoproteins of different types are collected using MxHF5,and the lipids within the lipoproteins are then extracted and analyzed via nLC-ESI–MS/MS.The second part of the review describes the top-down approach,which uses online coupling of miniaturized FlFFF to ESI–MS for a fast screening of targeted lipids.Here,the separation of lipoproteins and detection of their component lipids are achieved simultaneously.While both methods aim to quantify the lipids within lipoproteins,the bottom-up approach provides an extensive lipidome,whereas the top-down method is suitable for high-speed targeted lipidomic analysis.This review discusses variants of FlFFF-ESI–MS/MS that offer effective analytical technologies for lipidomics.
