BACKGROUND:Research has revealed a relationship between atrial fi brillation(AF)and valvular heart disease;however,the causality remains largely unknown.This study explored whether a causal association between AF and ...BACKGROUND:Research has revealed a relationship between atrial fi brillation(AF)and valvular heart disease;however,the causality remains largely unknown.This study explored whether a causal association between AF and non-rheumatic aortic valve disease(AVD)and mitral valve disease(MVD)could be found.METHODS:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)method was applied to determine the causal eff ect of AF on AVD,mitral regurgitation,and MVD.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary analytical approach,and several complementary analyses were conducted.Outliers were detected using the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier(MR-PRESSO)and radial Mendelian randomization(MR)methods.RESULTS:Genetically predicted AF was found to be causally associated with the risk of MVD(odds ratio[OR]=1.001;95%confi dence interval[CI]:1.000-1.001;P=1.33×10-6)and mitral regurgitation(OR=1.001;95%CI:1.000-1.002;P=0.009).However,no signifi cant causal associations between AF and AVD were detected(OR=1.000;95%CI:0.999-1.000;P=0.804).Causal eff ects were still detected,even after adjusting for potential risk factors or removing the identifi ed outliers.Reverse MR analyses revealed no signifi cant causal eff ect of valvular heart disease on AF.CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate a positive causal association between AF,MVD,and mitral regurgitation,but not AVD.Further research and an aggressive AF management strategy should be explored as potential measures for preventing MVD.展开更多
随着Wi-Fi无线协议的技术发展,台式计算机需要对不同协议进行Wi-Fi无线性能评估。此外,计算机性能不断增强的同时也使得其灵敏度随之增高,例如高频工作的内存DDR5技术的引入,对Wi-Fi无线性能产生严重影响。文章在Broadband Forum TR-39...随着Wi-Fi无线协议的技术发展,台式计算机需要对不同协议进行Wi-Fi无线性能评估。此外,计算机性能不断增强的同时也使得其灵敏度随之增高,例如高频工作的内存DDR5技术的引入,对Wi-Fi无线性能产生严重影响。文章在Broadband Forum TR-398标准中吞吐量与距离的测试方法的基础上,定义了适合台式计算机的Wi-Fi无线吞吐量评估方法,并应用在文中的2个受到电磁干扰的Wi-Fi无线吞吐量解决方案案例中。另外,文章阐述的2个典型案例的解决方案,由案例一中的传统硬件屏蔽方案,过渡到案例二中软体的零成本方案,利用了平台或Wi-Fi模组的自适应动态调整,来规避电磁干扰的影响,这种创新性的解决方案为未来高性能计算机的无线性能设计提供了实践参考。展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFC3606500)the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(LR22H020001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82470428).
文摘BACKGROUND:Research has revealed a relationship between atrial fi brillation(AF)and valvular heart disease;however,the causality remains largely unknown.This study explored whether a causal association between AF and non-rheumatic aortic valve disease(AVD)and mitral valve disease(MVD)could be found.METHODS:A two-sample Mendelian randomization(TSMR)method was applied to determine the causal eff ect of AF on AVD,mitral regurgitation,and MVD.The inverse variance weighted(IVW)method was used as the primary analytical approach,and several complementary analyses were conducted.Outliers were detected using the Mendelian Randomization Pleiotropy RESidual Sum and Outlier(MR-PRESSO)and radial Mendelian randomization(MR)methods.RESULTS:Genetically predicted AF was found to be causally associated with the risk of MVD(odds ratio[OR]=1.001;95%confi dence interval[CI]:1.000-1.001;P=1.33×10-6)and mitral regurgitation(OR=1.001;95%CI:1.000-1.002;P=0.009).However,no signifi cant causal associations between AF and AVD were detected(OR=1.000;95%CI:0.999-1.000;P=0.804).Causal eff ects were still detected,even after adjusting for potential risk factors or removing the identifi ed outliers.Reverse MR analyses revealed no signifi cant causal eff ect of valvular heart disease on AF.CONCLUSION:Our findings demonstrate a positive causal association between AF,MVD,and mitral regurgitation,but not AVD.Further research and an aggressive AF management strategy should be explored as potential measures for preventing MVD.
文摘随着Wi-Fi无线协议的技术发展,台式计算机需要对不同协议进行Wi-Fi无线性能评估。此外,计算机性能不断增强的同时也使得其灵敏度随之增高,例如高频工作的内存DDR5技术的引入,对Wi-Fi无线性能产生严重影响。文章在Broadband Forum TR-398标准中吞吐量与距离的测试方法的基础上,定义了适合台式计算机的Wi-Fi无线吞吐量评估方法,并应用在文中的2个受到电磁干扰的Wi-Fi无线吞吐量解决方案案例中。另外,文章阐述的2个典型案例的解决方案,由案例一中的传统硬件屏蔽方案,过渡到案例二中软体的零成本方案,利用了平台或Wi-Fi模组的自适应动态调整,来规避电磁干扰的影响,这种创新性的解决方案为未来高性能计算机的无线性能设计提供了实践参考。
