The Tianji brand highly effective nitrogen-phosphate compound fertilizer is produced by the Shanxi Cheyenne Fertilizer Plant, one of the main compound fertilizer producers in the country. The fertilizer is made throug...The Tianji brand highly effective nitrogen-phosphate compound fertilizer is produced by the Shanxi Cheyenne Fertilizer Plant, one of the main compound fertilizer producers in the country. The fertilizer is made through the chemical reaction between the nitric acid and the fine phosphate ore and a series of purifying and condensing processes. It contains nitrogen, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron. It has high and lasting fertility展开更多
Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulc...Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.展开更多
Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of ...Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.展开更多
Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic ...Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.展开更多
Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in t...Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.展开更多
【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference fo...【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.展开更多
Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city o...Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.展开更多
The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigat...The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.展开更多
Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture st...Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture stress, and low soil fertility, among others. Efforts to improve soil fertility are limited by inadequate supply of organic fertilizers due to competing demands. In addition, there is inadequate information on inorganic fertilizer requirements for citrus production in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop optimum fertilizer recommendations for citrus production for Eastern Uganda. The study was conducted in Teso region, Eastern Uganda. Fertilizer (NPK, 17:17:17) was randomly applied to Hamlin, Valencia and Washington varieties with fertilizer and variety factorially arranged for each farm and citrus age range, replicated three times. Fertilizer rates were 0, 139, 278 and 556 kg NPK/ha for the 4 - 7-year old trees, and 0, 278, 556 and 1111 kg NPK/ha for the mature (8 years and above) trees. For a given variety, each fertilizer rate was applied onto three representative trees per farmer, six farmers per district. Results showed that yields and net profits were highest for variety Hamlin, and nearly the same for varieties Washington and Valencia. Fertilizer application increased fruit yield and profits for both the 4 to 7-year and 8 and above-year-old trees, with highest yield and profitability values observed at 556 kg NPK/ha. These results suggest applying 556 kg NPK/ha to citrus per year as an optimum fertilizer rate for citrus production in Teso region. The fertilizer should be applied in smaller splits of 800, 600, and 600 grams per tree, applied in April, June, and August.展开更多
Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concern...Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concerns.Algae fertilizers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative.However,the potential of algae fertilizers for providing sustained P availability and their impacts on plant growth,soil microbes,and nutrient cycling remains to be explored.In this study,we developed a polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer(PEA)and conducted comparative experiments with chemical P fertilizers(CP)through soil and solution cultures,as well as crop growth trials.Soil cultivation experiments showed that PEA released twice as much labile P as initially available in the soil,and it functioned as a slow-release P source.In contrast,soils treated with CP initially exhibited high levels of labile P,which was gradually converted to stable forms,but it dropped to 30%of the labile P level in PEA after three months.Further tests revealed that the slow release of P from PEA was linked to increased microbial activity,and the microbial biomass P(MBP)content was about eight times higher than in soils treated with CP after three months,resulting in a 75%decline in the microbial biomass carbon(MBC)to MBP ratio.Microbial diversity analysis showed that algae fertilizers could recruit more benefcial microbes than CP,like phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria,plant growth-promoting bacteria,and stress-resistant bacteria.Crop pot experiments,along with amplicon and metagenomic analysis of tomato root-associated microbes,revealed that algae fertilizers including PEA promoted plant growth comparable to CP,and enhanced soil P cycling and overall nutrient dynamics.These data showed that algae fertilizers,especially PEA,can stabilize soil P fertility and stimulate plant growth through their slow P release and the recruitment of benefcial microbes.Our study highlights the potential of PEA to foster sustainable agriculture by mitigating the P scarcity and soil P loss associated with chemical fertilizers and improving plant growth and soil health.展开更多
Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agricult...Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.展开更多
Chemical fertilizers are a source of soil degradation. In order to mitigate soil degradation and to face the negative impacts of climate change, the use of organic fertilizers, accessible to small farmers can maintain...Chemical fertilizers are a source of soil degradation. In order to mitigate soil degradation and to face the negative impacts of climate change, the use of organic fertilizers, accessible to small farmers can maintain the productivity of cereals including rice. The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and physiology parameters and yield of rice. For this purpose, a completely randomized block design with three replications was adopted. Different organic (Fertinova, Organova and Fertinova + Organova) and mineral (NPK + Urea) fertilizers were applied to cultivate the NERICA L19 variety of rice. The soil chemical properties (pH), germination rate, growth, yield and physiological (chlorophyll content) parameters were assessed. The results revealed a germination rate of the grains varying between 87.5 and 100%. Fertinova and Fertinova + Organova had the highest germination rates. Soil pH decreased significantly from initial (6.71 ± 0.01) to final (5.73 ± 0.04) with the development cycle of the rice. Organo-mineral fertilizers influenced significantly (p = 5.36e−09) soil chemical properties by increasing pH (4%) compared to Control. Analysis of variance on growth and yield parameters, yield and chlorophyll content revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between fertilizers. Growth and yield parameters and yield were significantly higher in NPK and Fertinova + Organova than in Fertinova, Organova and Control. For the biomass the NPK + Urea recorded significantly highest biomass (488.28 ± 60.83 g). Leaves chlorophyll content varied significantly according to the daytime and the status of leaf development. The higher chlorophyll content was recorded at noon (27.96 ± 0.32 SPAD value) and with young leaves (30.21 ± 0.35 SPAD value). NPK + Urea (29.36 ± 0.45 SPAD value) and Fertinova (27.78 ± 0.40 SPAD value) favored more chlorophyll content in the rice leaves. Rice performed better in NPK + Urea and Fertinova + Organova fertilizers.展开更多
Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystal...Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystalline structure,pasting,and rheological properties of proso millet(PM)starch and to investigate potential food applications of PM.The results showed that the starch surface became uneven,and the structure of the starch granules shifted towards greater complexity with increasing nitrogen levels.Nitrogen increased the relative crystallinity,ordered structure,and average repeat distance,leading to a stable starch structure and a higher gelatinization enthalpy.Furthermore,nitrogen significantly increased peak,breakdown,setback,and final viscosities but decreased apparent amylose content,which caused the shear resistance and storage capacity of PM starch-based foods to deteriorate during processing and transport.Rheological analysis showed that PM starch exhibited the typical characteristics of a pseudoplastic fluid.Under nitrogen treatment,PM starch gels showed high potential for application in 3D printing products due to high resistance to shear thinning,gel strength,and yield stress,presumably owing to the significantly higher G′than G′′,and the lower amylose content,which in turn promoted the formation of a stable network structure in water to immobilize more water.Our study provides a reference for applying PM starch in the food industry and for developing PM cropping-management programs to improve quality.展开更多
The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In...The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.展开更多
1.The key to achieving China’s dual carbon goals As pointed out in the CO_(2) Emissions in 2023 report released by the International Energy Agency,global carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emis-sions reached 37.4 billion tonnes i...1.The key to achieving China’s dual carbon goals As pointed out in the CO_(2) Emissions in 2023 report released by the International Energy Agency,global carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emis-sions reached 37.4 billion tonnes in 2023[1],setting a new record high.The increase in CO_(2) emissions has exacerbated global warm-ing and led to a series of global climate problems.China is a major emitter of CO_(2).展开更多
Nitrogen(N)serves as an essential nutrient for yield formation across diverse crop types.However,agricultural production encounters numerous challenges,notably high N fertilizer rates coupled with low N use efficiency...Nitrogen(N)serves as an essential nutrient for yield formation across diverse crop types.However,agricultural production encounters numerous challenges,notably high N fertilizer rates coupled with low N use efficiency and serious environmental pollution.Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer(DPNF)is an agronomic measure that shows promise in addressing these issues.This review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of DPNF,beginning with a succinct overview of its development and methodologies for implementation.Subsequently,the optimal fertilization depth and influencing factors for different crops are analyzed and discussed.Additionally,it investigates the regulation and mechanism underlying the DPNF on crop development,yield,N use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.Finally,the review delineates the limitations and challenges of this technology and provides suggestions for its improvement and application.This review provides valuable insight and reference for the promotion and adoption of DPNF in agricultural practice.展开更多
To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer...To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality.This study employed a two-factor fully randomized experimental design,incorporating four levels of humic acid(F0,0.0 g/pot;F1,4.8 g/pot;F2,12.0 g/pot;and F3,19.2 g/pot)and three levels of chemical fertilizer(A1,full conventional dosage;A2,85% of conventional dosage;and A3,70% of conventional dosage).The meta-analysis revealed that the application of organic fertilizer(at a rate of 1500‒3000 kg/hm^(2))combined with chemical fertilizer had a significantly positive effect on the theoretical yield,tiller number,partial factor productivity,and SPAD value of rice.Temperature,organic fertilizer application,and chemical fertilizer levels were identified as critical factors affecting rice yield.The micro-experiments demonstrated that the application of humic acid organic fertilizer with treatment F3 significantly elevated the SPAD value at the full heading and grain filling stages.Increased panicle number and seed-setting rate were the main contributors to the rise in yield,with the F3 treatment yielding the highest overall.The effective leaf area,high-efficiency leaf area,and dry matter accumulation in rice treated with F3 were all higher compared with the F0 treatment.Our findings indicated that the addition of humic acid organic fertilizer can markedly improve the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of rice.In conclusion,the application of F3 organic fertilizer combined with A3 chemical fertilizer(F3A3)significantly increased the yield of saline-alkali rice,which was 6.62% higher than that of the F0A1 treatment,thereby validating the meta-analysis outcomes.We propose that the combined use of humic acid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote the growth of rice in saline-alkali soils.Consequently,these management practices provide a means to foster the green and healthy development of rice in saline-alkali regions across China.展开更多
Nitrogen(N)reduction combined with organic fertilizer has become a highly popular fertilization method,meeting the sustainable development of agriculture.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of ...Nitrogen(N)reduction combined with organic fertilizer has become a highly popular fertilization method,meeting the sustainable development of agriculture.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N reduction(NR)and combined application of organic fertilizer(OF)on N utilization,yield,and quality of hybrid indica rice in the karst area.Using rice‘Yixiangyou2115’as the material,a split-plot design experiment was carried out with OF application rate as the main plots and NR rate as the subplots.The OF application rate had three levels:M0(0 kg/ha),M1(low OF,1673 kg/ha),and M2(high amount OF,3346 kg/ha).The NR rate had four levels:R1(NR rate 0%),R2(NR rate 25%),R3(NR rate 50%),and R4(NR rate 100%).Rice yield was the highest under R3 in the same amount of OF,and compared with R1M0,the yield of R2M2 increased significantly.In terms of N efficiency,with the increase in the N reduction rate,N recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency(AE),and partial factor productivity(PFP)showed a continuous increase trend under the same amount of OF,and compared with R1M0,the AE,physiological efficiency,PFP of 50%N reduction with low or high amounts of organic fertilizer were significantly increased.Rice quality exhibit different patterns of change with different NR rate and OF application rate.In summary,NR combined with OF fertilization mode was conducive to the improvement of N efficiency,yield,and quality of hybrid indica rice.展开更多
Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional ass...Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics primarily examines N release patterns,which are limited to coated SCRNFs and disregard N transformation mechanisms,necessitating a more universal and reliable index.Based on the capacity of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess,we hypothesized that utilizing leaf N balance index(NBI)as a measure of N status could offer novel insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs.Field experiments were conducted with four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea(HAU),sulfur-coated urea(SCU),urease inhibitor urea(UIU),and polymer-coated urea(PCU)and their four combined forms,alongside high-yield urea split application as control(CK).The results revealed that NBI dynamics relative to CK reflected the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while categorizing them as short-,medium-,and long-acting fertilizers.Combinations incorporating the long-acting SCRNF(PCU)consistently demonstrated superior performance in yield(by 5.5%)and N use efficiency(by 42.8%)through providing more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle.Grain yield exhibited negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK,suggesting that synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is crucial for high yield.These findings demonstrate the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and highlight the importance of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.展开更多
This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative ...This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative sequencing method was employed to study the response characteristics of soil bacterial community composition and species absolute abundance to environmental factors under three fertilization treatments[chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer(30M,estimated in terms of pure nitrogen,same below),and organic fertilizer replacing 60%of chemical fertilizer(60M)]for two consecutive years.Furthermore,the changes of bacterial metabolic functions of different fertilization treatments were predicted by PICRUSt2.The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer at different proportions significantly increased the total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),hydrolyzable nitrogen(HN),soil organic carbon(SOC),and significantly decreased the soil bulk density(SBD).Moreover,60M demonstrated better performance than 30M.Different fertilization treatments did not cause significant difference in soil bacterial richness index(Chao1)or diversity index(Shannon)but significantly affected bacterial community composition and species abundance.Particularly,60M significantly increased the abundance of 227 species,and it increased the total bacterial abundance by 25.30%and 56.58%compared with NPK and 30M,respectively.Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that SOC,TN,and AK were the key factors for shaping specific bacterial community structures under different fertilization treatments.The 60M treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacterial species involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and lipid metabolism,thus improving the metabolic functions of soil microorganisms.展开更多
文摘The Tianji brand highly effective nitrogen-phosphate compound fertilizer is produced by the Shanxi Cheyenne Fertilizer Plant, one of the main compound fertilizer producers in the country. The fertilizer is made through the chemical reaction between the nitric acid and the fine phosphate ore and a series of purifying and condensing processes. It contains nitrogen, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, zinc, copper and iron. It has high and lasting fertility
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.32071980)the Key Projects of Shaanxi Agricultural Collaborative Innovation and Extension Alliance(No.LMZD202201)+1 种基金the Key R&D Project in Shaanxi Province(No.2021LLRH-07)Shaanxi Natural Scientific Basic Research Program project(No.2022JQ-157).
文摘Agricultural practices significantly contribute to greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions,necessitating cleaner production technologies to reduce environmental pressure and achieve sustainable maize production.Plastic film mulching is commonly used in the Loess Plateau region.Incorporating slow-release fertilizers as a replacement for urea within this practice can reduce nitrogen losses and enhance crop productivity.Combining these techniques represents a novel agricultural approach in semi-arid areas.However,the impact of this integration on soil carbon storage(SOCS),carbon footprint(CF),and economic benefits has received limited research attention.Therefore,we conducted an eight-year study(2015-2022)in the semi-arid northwestern region to quantify the effects of four treatments[urea supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-U),slow-release fertilizer supplied without plastic film mulching(CK-S),urea supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-U),and slow-release fertilizer supplied with plastic film mulching(PM-S)]on soil fertility,economic and environmental benefits.The results revealed that nitrogen fertilizer was the primary contributor to total GHG emissions(≥71.97%).Compared to other treatments,PM-S increased average grain yield by 12.01%-37.89%,water use efficiency by 9.19%-23.33%,nitrogen accumulation by 27.07%-66.19%,and net return by 6.21%-29.57%.Furthermore,PM-S decreased CF by 12.87%-44.31%and CF per net return by 14.25%-41.16%.After eight years,PM-S increased SOCS(0-40 cm)by 2.46%,while PM-U decreased it by 7.09%.These findings highlight the positive effects of PM-S on surface soil fertility,economic gains,and environmental benefits in spring maize production on the Loess Plateau,underscoring its potential for widespread adoption and application.
基金funded by the Project of Yunnan Province’s Xingdian Talents Support Program(yfgrc202437)the Project of the International Cooperation Science Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China(42361144885).
文摘Phosphorus(P)poses a global challenge to the environment and human health due to its natural association with heavy metals.Sustainable use of P is crucial to ensure food security for future generations.An analysis of the 150 phosphate fertilizers stored at the Institute for Crop and Soil Science in Germany has been conducted,supplemented by previously published data.The elements Cd,Bi,U,Cr,Zn,Tl,As,B,Sb,Ni,and Se are found in higher concentrations in sedimentary derived phosphates compared to igneous derived phosphates.Mineral fertilizers contain more than ten times the amount of U,Cd,B,and As compared to farmyard manure.Principal component analyses(PCA)indicate that U,Cd,Be,and Cr are primarily present in sedimentary derived phosphates and their concentrations are 2 to 10 times higher than those in igneous derived phosphates.Regarding heavy metal contamination,over 1000 potential combinations were identified;36% of these were significant but weak(>0.1).It is estimated that approximately 707 t of uranium enter farmland annually through the application of mineral phosphate fertilizers in European countries.This contribution addresses environmental issues related to the utilization of rock phosphate as well as alternative production methods for cleaner and safer phosphate fertilizers while presenting a roadmap with measures for mitigation.
基金supported by the Shenyang Municipal Science and Technology Project,China(23-409-2-03)the Liaoning Provincial Department of Science and Technology Project,China(Z20230183)the Liaoning Provincial Applied Basic Research Program,China(2022JH2/101300173).
文摘Both soil organic carbon (SOC) and iron (Fe) oxide content, among other factors, drive the formation and stability of soil aggregates.However, the mechanism of these drivers in greenhouse soil fertilized with organic fertilizer is not well understood.In a 3-year field experiment, we aimed to investigate the factors which drive the stability of soil aggregates in greenhouse soil.To explore the impact of organic fertilizer on soil aggregates, we established four treatments:no fertilization (CK);inorganic fertilizer (CF);organic fertilizer (OF);and combined application of inorganic and organic fertilizers(COF).The application of organic fertilizer significantly enhanced the stability of aggregates, that is it enhanced the mean weight diameter, geometric mean diameter and aggregate content (%) of>0.25 mm aggregate fractions.OF and COF treatments increased the concentration of SOC, especially the aliphatic-C, aromatic-C and polysaccharide-C components of SOC, particularly in>0.25 mm aggregates.Organic fertilizer application significantly increased the content of free Fe(Fed), reactive Fe (Feo), and non-crystalline Fe in both bulk soil and aggregates.Furthermore, non-crystalline Fe showed a positive correlation with SOC content in both bulk soil and aggregates.Both non-crystalline Fe and SOC were significantly positively correlated with>2 mm mean weight diameter.Overall, we believe that the increase of SOC, aromatic-C, and non-crystal ine Fe concentrations in soil after the application of organic fertilizer is the reason for improving soil aggregate stability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42177341)the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shanxi,China(202203021222138).
文摘Organic material combined with inorganic fertilizer has been shown to greatly improve crop yield and maintain soil fertility globally. However, it remains unclear if crop yield and soil fertility can be sustained in the long term under the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers. Three long-term field trials were conducted to investigate the effects of organic amendments on the grain sustainable yield index(SYI), soil fertility index(SFI)and nutrient balance in maize–wheat cropping systems of central and southern China during 1991–2019. Five treatments were included in the trials: 1) no fertilization(control);2) balanced mineral fertilization(NPK);3) NPK plus manure(NPKM);4) high dose of NPK plus manure(1.5NPKM);and 5) NPK plus crop straw(NPKS). Over time, the grain yields of wheat and maize showed an increasing trend in all four fertilization treatments at the Yangling(YL) and Zhengzhou(ZZ) locations, while they declined at Qiyang(QY). The grain yield in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments gradually exceeded that of the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. The largest SYI was recorded in the NPKM treatment across the three sites, suggesting that inorganic fertilizer combined with manure can effectively improve crop yield sustainability. Higher SYI values were recorded at the YL and ZZ sites than at the QY site, possibly because the soil was more acid at QY. The key factors affecting grain yield were soil available phosphorus(AP) and available potassium(AK) at the YL and ZZ sites, and pH and AP at the QY site.All fertilization treatments resulted in soil N and P surpluses at the three sites, but soil K surpluses were recorded only at the QY site. The SFI was greater in the 1.5NPKM, NPKM and NPKS treatments than in the NPK treatment by 13.3–40.0 and 16.4–63.6% at the YL and ZZ sites, respectively, and was significantly higher in the NPKM and 1.5NPKM treatments than in the NPK and NPKS treatments at the QY site. A significant, positive linear relationship was found between SFI and crop yield, and SYI and nutrient balance, indicating that grain yield and its sustainability significantly increased with increasing soil fertility. The apparent N, P and K balances positively affected SFI.This study suggests that the appropriate amount of manure mixed with mineral NPK fertilizer is beneficial to the development of sustainable agriculture, which effectively increases the crop yield and yield sustainability by improving soil fertility.
基金Key Research project of Gansu Province of China(22YF7NA108)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31860549)+1 种基金Industry Supporting Project from Education Department of Gansu Province(2023CYZC-49)Major Science and Technology project of Gansu province(24ZDNA006)。
文摘【Objectives】Si and microbial application could relieve the crop replanting problems(CRPs).We further studied the change of key microorganisms that are related to the beneficial effects,aiming at provide reference for the manufacture and application of both microbial agents and Si fertilizer in food lily production.【Methods】A field experiment was conducted over a three-year period,from March 2019 to March 2022.The experimental field had been continuously cultivated with lily for 9 years.Three treatments were established:silicon fertilizer(SF),microbial agents(“Special 8^(TM)”,MF),and combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents(SMF).A control group with blank soil(CK)was also included.At seedling stage of Lanzhou lilies in 2020 and 2021,the shoot and bulb dry weight,and the plant height and stem diameter of Lanzhou lilies were investigated for calculation of seedling index.In July 2020,20 plants were selected in each plot,and root zone soils were sampled at a depth of 20 cm,10 cm away from the roots,and then mixed to form a composite sample.The soil available Si and organic matter content were analyzed,and the fungal community structure and some specific microbial groups in soils were determined with high-throughput sequencing of ITS.【Results】All the three treatments significantly enhanced the lily plant growth and the seedling index,compared to CK.Besides,SF and MF treatments increased the relative abundances(RA)and diversity of fungal communities,and altered the community structures.The RA of some specific groups were found to be significantly correlated with the seedling index and/or soil available Si.Of them,the RA of the genera Fusarium,Dactylonectria,Humicola,Stilbella,and the species Humicola_grisea showed a positive correlation,while that of the genera Mortierella,Stilbella,Holtermanniella,and the species Mortierella_fatshederae showed a negative correlation with seedling index.The genera Fusarium,Stilbella,the species Humicola_grisea,and Dactylonectria_estremocensis showed a positive correlation,while the genura Stilbella,and the species Mortierella fatshederae showed a negative correlation with available Si content.In the co-occurence network of top twenty fungal genera and top sixteen bacterial genera(RA>0.2%),Holtermanniella was the only genus that interacted with the bacteria and negatively correlated with bacterial genus Blastococcus.Holtermanniella was also the most densely connected genera,followed by the genus Fusarium,Didymella and Humicola.In addition,the genus Holtermanniella was the key species connecting fungal and bacterial community in soil.Fungal functional prediction revealed that SF,MF and SMF treatments decreased plant pathogens guilds and increased the beneficial guilds Ectomycorrhizal,plant saprophyte,leaf saprophyte,and arbuscular mycorrhizal compared to CK.【Conclusions】Combined application of silicon fertilizer and microbial agents can alleviate continuous replanting problems of Lanzhou lilies through restoring the fungal community diversity,and promoting plant residue depredation,thus reducing soil born disease incidence.The beneficial genus Humicola and its one species H.grisea acts as bioconversion,and the genus Acremonium acts as plant pathogen inhibitor.
文摘Rice (Oryza sativa) is becoming a staplefood in many regions of DR-Congo. However, its production is still limited to the North Eastern part of the country and grain yield is low. A study was carried out in the city of Mbujimayi located in the Central part of the DR-Congo to assess the effects of organic and inorganic fertilizers on morpho-agronomic characteristics of O. sativa. The trial was conducted during the 2021 agricultural season A using a completely randomized design with three replicates. The six treatments studied consisted of application of T. diversifolia biomass at a dose of 2 kg/4m2 (BFT − 2 kg), 4 kg/4 m2 (BFT − 4 kg), inorganic fertilizer consisting with NPK17-17-17 + Urea (46% N) at a combined dose of 80 g/4 m2 (NP), 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 2 kg + NP) and finally 1/2 of the combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP). The untreated plots were used as controls. Plants treated with 1/2 combination (BFT − 4 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg, and NP showed similar height (100.93 cm, 99.03 cm, and 98.63 cm, respectively) that were significantly higher than control and other treatments [1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg] For agronomic characteristics, days to 50% flowering varied between 73.00 and 74 days with an average of 74 days. The control and BFT – 4 kg showed significantly shorter panicles compared to other treatments. For yield components, 1/2 (BFT – 4 kg + NP) and the NP treatments generated a higher weight of 1000 grains. For yield per hectare, 1/2 (BFT − 4 kg + NP) induced significantly different levels of production than the control and other treatments, including 1/2 (BFT – 2 kg + NP), BFT – 4 kg + NP, BFT – 2 kg, BFT – 4 kg. The correlation coefficients between agronomic traits revealed that with the exception of the length of particle and the abortion rates, all the yield components (panicles per plant, seeds per panicle, weight of 1000 grains, and grail yield per plot) were strongly correlated with grain yield per hectare.
基金Supported by National Undergraduate Training Programs for Innovation and Entrepreneurship(X202510580088)Special Project for Promoting the Coordinated Development of Urban and Rural Areas and Regions by Introducing Scientific and Technological Achievements of Guangdong Province into Counties and Towns(2025B0202010051)Project of High-quality Development in Hundred Counties,Thousands Towns and Ten Thousand Villages of Guangdong Provincial Department of Science and Technology:Key Dispatch Project for Rural Science and Technology Commissioners(KTP20240704).
文摘The conversion of waste resources into fertilizer represents a crucial strategy for optimizing waste utilization and attaining"carbon peak and neutrality"objectives.This approach not only effectively mitigates greenhouse gas emissions but also enhances the organic matter content in soil,thereby supporting the advancement of sustainable agriculture.Currently,the principal fertilizer production technologies utilizing solid waste resources encompass hydrothermal fertilizer production,aerobic fermentation,wrapping fertilizer production,micro-storage fertilizer production,and biochemical rapid decomposition.This paper examines the applicability and limitations of these technologies in practical contexts,and anticipates their developmental trends and future prospects.It aims to offer practical guidance and constructive support for the resource utilization of solid waste and the sustainable development of related industries.
文摘Citrus is an important commercial crop in Uganda, especially the Eastern region. However, in spite of the increasing regional demand, citrus productivity is still low, attributed to pest and diseases, soil moisture stress, and low soil fertility, among others. Efforts to improve soil fertility are limited by inadequate supply of organic fertilizers due to competing demands. In addition, there is inadequate information on inorganic fertilizer requirements for citrus production in Uganda. The objective of this study was to develop optimum fertilizer recommendations for citrus production for Eastern Uganda. The study was conducted in Teso region, Eastern Uganda. Fertilizer (NPK, 17:17:17) was randomly applied to Hamlin, Valencia and Washington varieties with fertilizer and variety factorially arranged for each farm and citrus age range, replicated three times. Fertilizer rates were 0, 139, 278 and 556 kg NPK/ha for the 4 - 7-year old trees, and 0, 278, 556 and 1111 kg NPK/ha for the mature (8 years and above) trees. For a given variety, each fertilizer rate was applied onto three representative trees per farmer, six farmers per district. Results showed that yields and net profits were highest for variety Hamlin, and nearly the same for varieties Washington and Valencia. Fertilizer application increased fruit yield and profits for both the 4 to 7-year and 8 and above-year-old trees, with highest yield and profitability values observed at 556 kg NPK/ha. These results suggest applying 556 kg NPK/ha to citrus per year as an optimum fertilizer rate for citrus production in Teso region. The fertilizer should be applied in smaller splits of 800, 600, and 600 grams per tree, applied in April, June, and August.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2021YFF1000404)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32472823 and 32102478)+1 种基金the Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS-CSAL-202301)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M693447,2021M693449 and 2022T150707)。
文摘Using phosphorus(P)fertilizers has historically increased agricultural productivity,yet the highly dissipative nature of phosphate rock and the low effciency due to soil fxation and runoff raise sustainability concerns.Algae fertilizers have emerged as a promising eco-friendly alternative.However,the potential of algae fertilizers for providing sustained P availability and their impacts on plant growth,soil microbes,and nutrient cycling remains to be explored.In this study,we developed a polyphosphate-enriched algae fertilizer(PEA)and conducted comparative experiments with chemical P fertilizers(CP)through soil and solution cultures,as well as crop growth trials.Soil cultivation experiments showed that PEA released twice as much labile P as initially available in the soil,and it functioned as a slow-release P source.In contrast,soils treated with CP initially exhibited high levels of labile P,which was gradually converted to stable forms,but it dropped to 30%of the labile P level in PEA after three months.Further tests revealed that the slow release of P from PEA was linked to increased microbial activity,and the microbial biomass P(MBP)content was about eight times higher than in soils treated with CP after three months,resulting in a 75%decline in the microbial biomass carbon(MBC)to MBP ratio.Microbial diversity analysis showed that algae fertilizers could recruit more benefcial microbes than CP,like phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria,plant growth-promoting bacteria,and stress-resistant bacteria.Crop pot experiments,along with amplicon and metagenomic analysis of tomato root-associated microbes,revealed that algae fertilizers including PEA promoted plant growth comparable to CP,and enhanced soil P cycling and overall nutrient dynamics.These data showed that algae fertilizers,especially PEA,can stabilize soil P fertility and stimulate plant growth through their slow P release and the recruitment of benefcial microbes.Our study highlights the potential of PEA to foster sustainable agriculture by mitigating the P scarcity and soil P loss associated with chemical fertilizers and improving plant growth and soil health.
文摘Synthetic fertilizers are widely used to address the urgent challenge of ensuring food supplies for a growing world population in the context of climate change. However, their industrial production and use in agriculture have a negative impact on the environment and consequently on human health. While chemical fertilizers may not have to be abandoned in agricultural production systems, limiting their use could help to make agriculture sustainable and resilient to climate change. In Senegal, the level of mineral fertilizers used in market gardening has become alarming in the Niayes area. As a result, microbial biotechnologies have been promoted for biofertilizer production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivation. Rhizobial inoculums have thus been used to reduce the rate of chemical nitrogen fertilizers being applied in cropping systems. Several investigations in the laboratory, on experimental stations and in the field have shown a possibility of a significant reduction in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in common bean production. Conventional mineral fertilization use can be reduced from over 120 kg N/ha to 20 kg N/ha. This contributes both to a very significant reduction in the application rate with the same level of yield and to an improvement in the standard of living. In addition, the environmental impact of using chemical fertilizers can be mitigated. This study is a contribution to the promotion of biofertilizers adoption in agricultural systems.
文摘Chemical fertilizers are a source of soil degradation. In order to mitigate soil degradation and to face the negative impacts of climate change, the use of organic fertilizers, accessible to small farmers can maintain the productivity of cereals including rice. The objective of this experiment is to study the effect of organo-mineral fertilizers on soil chemical properties, growth and physiology parameters and yield of rice. For this purpose, a completely randomized block design with three replications was adopted. Different organic (Fertinova, Organova and Fertinova + Organova) and mineral (NPK + Urea) fertilizers were applied to cultivate the NERICA L19 variety of rice. The soil chemical properties (pH), germination rate, growth, yield and physiological (chlorophyll content) parameters were assessed. The results revealed a germination rate of the grains varying between 87.5 and 100%. Fertinova and Fertinova + Organova had the highest germination rates. Soil pH decreased significantly from initial (6.71 ± 0.01) to final (5.73 ± 0.04) with the development cycle of the rice. Organo-mineral fertilizers influenced significantly (p = 5.36e−09) soil chemical properties by increasing pH (4%) compared to Control. Analysis of variance on growth and yield parameters, yield and chlorophyll content revealed a significant difference (p < 0.05) between fertilizers. Growth and yield parameters and yield were significantly higher in NPK and Fertinova + Organova than in Fertinova, Organova and Control. For the biomass the NPK + Urea recorded significantly highest biomass (488.28 ± 60.83 g). Leaves chlorophyll content varied significantly according to the daytime and the status of leaf development. The higher chlorophyll content was recorded at noon (27.96 ± 0.32 SPAD value) and with young leaves (30.21 ± 0.35 SPAD value). NPK + Urea (29.36 ± 0.45 SPAD value) and Fertinova (27.78 ± 0.40 SPAD value) favored more chlorophyll content in the rice leaves. Rice performed better in NPK + Urea and Fertinova + Organova fertilizers.
基金supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of China Postdoctoral Science Foudation(CPSF)(GZC20241394)the Shaanxi Province Natural Science Basic Research Program-Youth Project,China(2025JCYBQN271)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31371529)the Shaanxi Province“Two Chains”Integrated Crop Breeding Key Project,China(2021LLRH07)the Minor Grain Crops Research and Development System of Shaanxi Province,China(NYKJ-2021YL(XN)40)。
文摘Nitrogen fertilizer is an important agronomic measure significantly affecting crop yield and grain quality.This twoyear study aimed to explore the effects of four nitrogen levels on the morphology,lamellar and crystalline structure,pasting,and rheological properties of proso millet(PM)starch and to investigate potential food applications of PM.The results showed that the starch surface became uneven,and the structure of the starch granules shifted towards greater complexity with increasing nitrogen levels.Nitrogen increased the relative crystallinity,ordered structure,and average repeat distance,leading to a stable starch structure and a higher gelatinization enthalpy.Furthermore,nitrogen significantly increased peak,breakdown,setback,and final viscosities but decreased apparent amylose content,which caused the shear resistance and storage capacity of PM starch-based foods to deteriorate during processing and transport.Rheological analysis showed that PM starch exhibited the typical characteristics of a pseudoplastic fluid.Under nitrogen treatment,PM starch gels showed high potential for application in 3D printing products due to high resistance to shear thinning,gel strength,and yield stress,presumably owing to the significantly higher G′than G′′,and the lower amylose content,which in turn promoted the formation of a stable network structure in water to immobilize more water.Our study provides a reference for applying PM starch in the food industry and for developing PM cropping-management programs to improve quality.
基金supported by the Joint Project 2016 and the Joint Project 2019,developed by the University of Verona and Fabbrica Cooperativa Perfosfati Cerea,Italy。
文摘The behaviour of nanofertilizers(NFs)in plant-soil systems can differ from that of conventional chemical fertilizers due to their peculiar chemical-physical properties.Their effectiveness is still poorly understood.In this study,we evaluated the P fertilization potential of a novel nanosized FePO4NF(FePNF)in a plant-soil microcosm in a pot experiment.The efficacies of FePNF and a conventional P fertilizer(triple superphosphate,TSP)in sustaining the growth of cucumber plants were evaluated.Plants were grown for 28 d on a P-deficient soil,and determinations were made of plant growth parameters,mineral nutrient concentrations in plant tissues,P availability in soil,activities of soil enzymes involved in C,N,P,and S mineralization,and soil microbial community structure.No significant differences were found in plant dry weight,leaf area,chlorophyll content,or root growth between the FePNF and TSP treatments.Conversely,P availability in soil and P concentration in plant tissues at the end of the plant growth period were significantly higher after TSP fertilization compared to FePNF fertilization,whereas no significant differences were observed for other nutrients.Among the measured soil enzyme activities,there were no significant differences in the activities of soil acid phosphatase,β-glucosidase,and arylsulfatase between the FePNF and TSP treatments,while soil alkaline phosphatase activity was higher in the TSP treatment than in the FePNF treatment and the protease activity was higher in the FePNF treatment than in the TSP treatment.The FePNF and TSP treatments showed significant differences in soil archaeal,bacterial,and fungal community structures,although the microbial community profiles generally clustered closer to each other in the two treatments.We concluded that FePNF can be an efficient alternative to the conventional P fertilizer TSP.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC3901103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22288102)the Science and Technology Plan Project of the Xinjiang Production and Con-struction Crops(XPCC)(2023AB017-01).
文摘1.The key to achieving China’s dual carbon goals As pointed out in the CO_(2) Emissions in 2023 report released by the International Energy Agency,global carbon dioxide(CO_(2))emis-sions reached 37.4 billion tonnes in 2023[1],setting a new record high.The increase in CO_(2) emissions has exacerbated global warm-ing and led to a series of global climate problems.China is a major emitter of CO_(2).
基金funded by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32301947,32272220 and 32172120)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2023M730909).
文摘Nitrogen(N)serves as an essential nutrient for yield formation across diverse crop types.However,agricultural production encounters numerous challenges,notably high N fertilizer rates coupled with low N use efficiency and serious environmental pollution.Deep placement of nitrogen fertilizer(DPNF)is an agronomic measure that shows promise in addressing these issues.This review aims to offer a comprehensive understanding of DPNF,beginning with a succinct overview of its development and methodologies for implementation.Subsequently,the optimal fertilization depth and influencing factors for different crops are analyzed and discussed.Additionally,it investigates the regulation and mechanism underlying the DPNF on crop development,yield,N use efficiency and greenhouse gas emissions.Finally,the review delineates the limitations and challenges of this technology and provides suggestions for its improvement and application.This review provides valuable insight and reference for the promotion and adoption of DPNF in agricultural practice.
基金supported by the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.SCKJ-JYRC-2022-94)Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDA28020203)+1 种基金Postgraduate Innovation Research Project of Hainan Province,China(Grant No.Qhyb2022-67)PhD Scientific Research and Innovation Foundation of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(Grant No.HSPHDSRF-2023-12-008).
文摘To improve the yield and quality of rice grown on saline-alkali soil,a meta-analysis combined with micro-district experimental studies was conducted in China to examine the impact of humic acidbased organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer on rice yield and quality.This study employed a two-factor fully randomized experimental design,incorporating four levels of humic acid(F0,0.0 g/pot;F1,4.8 g/pot;F2,12.0 g/pot;and F3,19.2 g/pot)and three levels of chemical fertilizer(A1,full conventional dosage;A2,85% of conventional dosage;and A3,70% of conventional dosage).The meta-analysis revealed that the application of organic fertilizer(at a rate of 1500‒3000 kg/hm^(2))combined with chemical fertilizer had a significantly positive effect on the theoretical yield,tiller number,partial factor productivity,and SPAD value of rice.Temperature,organic fertilizer application,and chemical fertilizer levels were identified as critical factors affecting rice yield.The micro-experiments demonstrated that the application of humic acid organic fertilizer with treatment F3 significantly elevated the SPAD value at the full heading and grain filling stages.Increased panicle number and seed-setting rate were the main contributors to the rise in yield,with the F3 treatment yielding the highest overall.The effective leaf area,high-efficiency leaf area,and dry matter accumulation in rice treated with F3 were all higher compared with the F0 treatment.Our findings indicated that the addition of humic acid organic fertilizer can markedly improve the partial factor productivity and agronomic efficiency of rice.In conclusion,the application of F3 organic fertilizer combined with A3 chemical fertilizer(F3A3)significantly increased the yield of saline-alkali rice,which was 6.62% higher than that of the F0A1 treatment,thereby validating the meta-analysis outcomes.We propose that the combined use of humic acid organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can promote the growth of rice in saline-alkali soils.Consequently,these management practices provide a means to foster the green and healthy development of rice in saline-alkali regions across China.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Plan Project Sub Topic of China(2022YFD1901500/2022YFD1901505-07)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32260531)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Molecular Breeding for Grain and Oil Crops in Guizhou Province(Qiankehezhongyindi(2023)008)the Key Laboratory of Functional Agriculture of Guizhou Provincial Higher Education Institutions(Qianjiaoji(2023)007)..
文摘Nitrogen(N)reduction combined with organic fertilizer has become a highly popular fertilization method,meeting the sustainable development of agriculture.A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of N reduction(NR)and combined application of organic fertilizer(OF)on N utilization,yield,and quality of hybrid indica rice in the karst area.Using rice‘Yixiangyou2115’as the material,a split-plot design experiment was carried out with OF application rate as the main plots and NR rate as the subplots.The OF application rate had three levels:M0(0 kg/ha),M1(low OF,1673 kg/ha),and M2(high amount OF,3346 kg/ha).The NR rate had four levels:R1(NR rate 0%),R2(NR rate 25%),R3(NR rate 50%),and R4(NR rate 100%).Rice yield was the highest under R3 in the same amount of OF,and compared with R1M0,the yield of R2M2 increased significantly.In terms of N efficiency,with the increase in the N reduction rate,N recovery efficiency,agronomic efficiency(AE),and partial factor productivity(PFP)showed a continuous increase trend under the same amount of OF,and compared with R1M0,the AE,physiological efficiency,PFP of 50%N reduction with low or high amounts of organic fertilizer were significantly increased.Rice quality exhibit different patterns of change with different NR rate and OF application rate.In summary,NR combined with OF fertilization mode was conducive to the improvement of N efficiency,yield,and quality of hybrid indica rice.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province,China(BK20200539)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(BE2019377 and BE2019343)the Science and Technology Planning Program of Suzhou,China(ST202228).
文摘Synchronizing the nitrogen(N)supply of slow-and controlled-release N fertilizers(SCRNFs)with rice N demand is essential in replacing multiple urea applications with a single basal application of SCRNFs.Traditional assessment of N supply characteristics primarily examines N release patterns,which are limited to coated SCRNFs and disregard N transformation mechanisms,necessitating a more universal and reliable index.Based on the capacity of crop N status to detect N deficiency or excess,we hypothesized that utilizing leaf N balance index(NBI)as a measure of N status could offer novel insights into assessing N supply characteristics of SCRNFs.Field experiments were conducted with four individual SCRNFs-humic acid urea(HAU),sulfur-coated urea(SCU),urease inhibitor urea(UIU),and polymer-coated urea(PCU)and their four combined forms,alongside high-yield urea split application as control(CK).The results revealed that NBI dynamics relative to CK reflected the N supply potential of different SCRNFs while categorizing them as short-,medium-,and long-acting fertilizers.Combinations incorporating the long-acting SCRNF(PCU)consistently demonstrated superior performance in yield(by 5.5%)and N use efficiency(by 42.8%)through providing more consistent and efficient N supply throughout the rice growth cycle.Grain yield exhibited negative correlation with the difference in NBI dynamics between SCRNFs and CK,suggesting that synchronizing N supply between one-time application of SCRNFs and conventional high-yield fertilization is crucial for high yield.These findings demonstrate the potential of N status diagnosed by leaf NBI to evaluate N supply characteristics of SCRNFs and highlight the importance of synchronized N supply for a one-time SCRNF application.
文摘This study aimed to explore the effect of different proportions of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer on the bacterial community and metabolic function in paddy fields.The 16S rRNA absolute quantitative sequencing method was employed to study the response characteristics of soil bacterial community composition and species absolute abundance to environmental factors under three fertilization treatments[chemical fertilizer(NPK),organic fertilizer replacing 30%of chemical fertilizer(30M,estimated in terms of pure nitrogen,same below),and organic fertilizer replacing 60%of chemical fertilizer(60M)]for two consecutive years.Furthermore,the changes of bacterial metabolic functions of different fertilization treatments were predicted by PICRUSt2.The results showed that replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer at different proportions significantly increased the total nitrogen(TN),total potassium(TK),hydrolyzable nitrogen(HN),soil organic carbon(SOC),and significantly decreased the soil bulk density(SBD).Moreover,60M demonstrated better performance than 30M.Different fertilization treatments did not cause significant difference in soil bacterial richness index(Chao1)or diversity index(Shannon)but significantly affected bacterial community composition and species abundance.Particularly,60M significantly increased the abundance of 227 species,and it increased the total bacterial abundance by 25.30%and 56.58%compared with NPK and 30M,respectively.Redundancy analysis and Spearman correlation analysis revealed that SOC,TN,and AK were the key factors for shaping specific bacterial community structures under different fertilization treatments.The 60M treatment significantly increased the abundance of bacterial species involved in xenobiotic biodegradation and metabolism,amino acid metabolism,and lipid metabolism,thus improving the metabolic functions of soil microorganisms.
